geography generalizations shaped europe’s environment, economics, culture and political forms....

Geography Generalizations

• Shaped Europe’s environment, economics, culture and political forms.

• Oddly shaped peninsula w/ big and small islands, seas, bays, and gulfs

• Tempered climate due to place on globe and near water

• Large amount of navigable rivers, mountains, plateaus with extremely diverse landforms

Europe’s Latitude v. USEurope’s Latitude v. USEurope’s Latitude v. USEurope’s Latitude v. US

Former Soviet Region Compared in Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United Latitude & Area with the United

StatesStates

Former Soviet Region Compared in Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United Latitude & Area with the United

StatesStates

Satellite View of EuropeSatellite View of EuropeSatellite View of EuropeSatellite View of Europe

3,800 square miles3,800 square miles

RREEGGIIOONNSS

RREEGGIIOONNSS

Continents by Size Continents by Size (sq. km.)(sq. km.)Continents by Size Continents by Size (sq. km.)(sq. km.)

AsiaAsia 44,579,00044,579,000

AfricaAfrica 30,065,00030,065,000

North AmericaNorth America 24,256,000 24,256,000

South AmericaSouth America 17,819,00017,819,000

AntarcticaAntarctica 13,209,00013,209,000

EuropeEurope 9,938,0009,938,000

Oceania (incl. Oceania (incl. Australia)  Australia)   7,687,000 7,687,000

Europe: A Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsula of Peninsulas?Peninsulas?

Europe: A Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsula of Peninsulas?Peninsulas?

OROROROR

A Peninsula of Asia?A Peninsula of Asia?A Peninsula of Asia?A Peninsula of Asia?

Europe:Europe: An Asian An Asian PeninsulaPeninsula??

Europe:Europe: An Asian An Asian PeninsulaPeninsula??

Northern PeninsulasNorthern PeninsulasNorthern PeninsulasNorthern Peninsulas

Jutland Peninsula

Scandinavian Peninsula

Southern PeninsulasSouthern PeninsulasSouthern PeninsulasSouthern Peninsulas

Iberian Peninsul

a

Italian Peninsul

a

Balkan Peninsul

a

AnatoleanPeninsu

la

CrimeanPeninsul

a

What’sWhat’sthethe

answeranswer????

What’sWhat’sthethe

answeranswer????

BBooddiieess

ofof

WWaatteerr

BBooddiieess

ofof

WWaatteerr Mediterranean Sea

North Sea

AtlanticOcean Baltic

Sea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic Sea

TyrrhenianSea

Bay ofBiscay

Strait ofGibraltar

DardanellesStrait

ArcticOcean

English Channel

CaspianSea

The Mediterranean Sea: The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Mare NostrumNostrum

The Mediterranean Sea: The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Mare NostrumNostrum

2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide

“ “Crossroads of 3 Continents”Crossroads of 3 Continents”Caesarea on the Caesarea on the

Israeli coastIsraeli coast

Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Gibraltar & the& the “Pillars of “Pillars of

Hercules”Hercules”

RRiivveerrss

RRiivveerrss Danube R.

Seine R.Rhine R.

Loire R.

Po R.

Tiber R.

Tagus R.

Thames R.

Elbe R.

Oder R.

Vistula R.

Dnieper R

.

Vo

lga R

.Don R.

Ebro R.

The Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube River

1770 miles1770 miles

The Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube River

Flows through the Flows through the 12 countries12 countries of Germany, Austria, of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Ukraine.

Where Buda Where Buda & Pest Meet& Pest MeetWhere Buda Where Buda & Pest Meet& Pest MeetBiking Biking

Along the Along the DanubeDanube

Biking Biking Along the Along the DanubeDanube

The Volga RiverThe Volga RiverThe Volga RiverThe Volga River

The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

The Volga RiverThe Volga RiverThe Volga RiverThe Volga River

The river is soThe river is so polluted that the polluted that the sturgeon catch has sturgeon catch has been decreased by been decreased by 60%. 60%.

Why are most Why are most of the capitals of the capitals of Europe on of Europe on

major riversmajor rivers????

Why are most Why are most of the capitals of the capitals of Europe on of Europe on

major riversmajor rivers????

Capitals on the Rivers Capitals on the Rivers (1)(1)Capitals on the Rivers Capitals on the Rivers (1)(1)

Paris, right bank of the SeineParis, right bank of the SeineParis, right bank of the SeineParis, right bank of the SeineLondon on the ThamesLondon on the ThamesLondon on the ThamesLondon on the Thames

Prague on the VltavaPrague on the VltavaPrague on the VltavaPrague on the Vltava Budapest on the DanubeBudapest on the DanubeBudapest on the DanubeBudapest on the Danube

Capitals on the Rivers Capitals on the Rivers (2)(2)Capitals on the Rivers Capitals on the Rivers (2)(2)

Berlin on the SpreeBerlin on the SpreeBerlin on the SpreeBerlin on the SpreeMoscow on the Moscow RiverMoscow on the Moscow RiverMoscow on the Moscow RiverMoscow on the Moscow River

Rome on the TiberRome on the TiberRome on the TiberRome on the Tiber Vienna on the DanubeVienna on the DanubeVienna on the DanubeVienna on the Danube

What’sWhat’sthethe

answeranswer????

What’sWhat’sthethe

answeranswer????

Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:

They are They are Europe’s lifeline!Europe’s lifeline!

They are They are Europe’s lifeline!Europe’s lifeline!

MMoouuttaaiinnss

&&

PPeeaakkss

MMoouuttaaiinnss

&&

PPeeaakkss

Alps Mts.Pyrennes Mts.

Apennines Mts.

Dinaric Alps

Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts.

Ural M

ts.

Mt. Etna ^

Mt. Vesuvius ^Mt. Olympus ^

ElevationElevationElevationElevation

AlpsCarpathians

Caucasus

Urals

Pyrennes

Apennines

The AlpsThe AlpsThe AlpsThe Alps

Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, andand parts of Italy and France. parts of Italy and France.

Mt. Blanc in the AlpsMt. Blanc in the AlpsMt. Blanc in the AlpsMt. Blanc in the Alps

Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feetHighest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

The Caucasus MountainsThe Caucasus MountainsThe Caucasus MountainsThe Caucasus Mountains

The origin of theThe origin of the word word CaucasianCaucasian..

TransylvaniaTransylvania in the Carpathian in the Carpathian MountainsMountains

TransylvaniaTransylvania in the Carpathian in the Carpathian MountainsMountains

Home of Home of Vlad TepešVlad Tepeš, the, the Drakul Drakul (“Count Dracula”)(“Count Dracula”)

Ural Mountains: “The Great Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide”Divide”

Ural Mountains: “The Great Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide”Divide”

Divides the European and Asian sections of Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia.Russia.

1500

mile

s

PPllaaiinnss

PPllaaiinnss

Northern European Plain

Steppes

Siberian Lowlands

The BENELUX CountriesThe BENELUX CountriesThe BENELUX CountriesThe BENELUX Countries

* BelgiumBelgium

* NetherlandsNetherlands

* LuxembourgLuxembourg

* BelgiumBelgium

* NetherlandsNetherlands

* LuxembourgLuxembourg

Holland’s DikesHolland’s DikesHolland’s DikesHolland’s Dikes

Amsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s Canals

The The Netherlands:Netherlands:

The The “Dagger”“Dagger” Pointing at the Pointing at the

Heart of Heart of Britain!Britain!

The The Netherlands:Netherlands:

The The “Dagger”“Dagger” Pointing at the Pointing at the

Heart of Heart of Britain!Britain!

CCoommpplleetteedd

MMaapp

CCoommpplleetteedd

MMaapp

North Sea

AtlanticOcean Baltic

Sea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic Sea

TyrrhenianSea

Bay ofBiscay

Strait ofGibraltar

DardanellesStrait

ArcticOcean

English Channel

CaspianSeaDanube R.

Seine R.Rhine R.

Loire R.

Po R.

Tiber R.

Tagus R.

Thames R.

Elbe R.

Oder R.

Vistula R.

Dnieper R

.

Vo

lga R

.Don R.

Ebro R.

Alps Mts.Pyrennes Mts.

Apennines Mts.

Dinaric Alps

Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts.

Ural M

ts.

Mt. Etna ^

Mt. Vesuvius ^Mt. Olympus ^

Siberian Lowlands

Northern European Plain

Steppes

Scand

inav

ian

Pen.

Jutland Pen.

Iberian Pen.

Crimean Pen.

Balkan Pen.

Anatolean Pen.

Peloponnesian Pen.

Italian Pen.

Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeEastern EuropeEastern Europe

Siberia --> Siberia --> PermafrostPermafrostSiberia --> Siberia --> PermafrostPermafrost

Average temperatures of January Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C July from 1 to 25°C

150,000,000 population.150,000,000 population. A former “A former “gulaggulag”” Soviet prison camp. Soviet prison camp.

Trans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian Railroad

Completed in 1905.Completed in 1905.

Trans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian Railroad

TThe main line runs 5,785 miles.he main line runs 5,785 miles.

Europe’s Latitude v. USEurope’s Latitude v. USEurope’s Latitude v. USEurope’s Latitude v. US

ClimatClimatee

ClimatClimatee

Europe’s Natural RegionsEurope’s Natural RegionsEurope’s Natural RegionsEurope’s Natural Regions

The North European PlainThe North European PlainThe North European PlainThe North European Plain

The Northern European Plain --> The Northern European Plain --> An Invasion Route into Asia An Invasion Route into Asia (& Vice (& Vice

Versa?)Versa?)

The Northern European Plain --> The Northern European Plain --> An Invasion Route into Asia An Invasion Route into Asia (& Vice (& Vice

Versa?)Versa?)

SteppesSteppes: “Soviet” : “Soviet” BreadbasketBreadbasket

SteppesSteppes: “Soviet” : “Soviet” BreadbasketBreadbasket

The SteppesThe SteppesThe SteppesThe Steppes

25% of the old 25% of the old Soviet Union’s Soviet Union’s food supply. food supply.

Germany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black Forest

Germany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black Forest

Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Tundra: The Not-So-Barren LandLand

Below the Arctic CircleBelow the Arctic Circle

Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Tundra: The Not-So-Barren LandLand

Below the Arctic CircleBelow the Arctic Circle

RREESSOOUURRCCEESS

RREESSOOUURRCCEESS

MajorMajorIndustrialIndustrialResourceResource

ss

MajorMajorIndustrialIndustrialResourceResource

ss

Oil Export Routes in the Caucasus AreaOil Export Routes in the Caucasus AreaOil Export Routes in the Caucasus AreaOil Export Routes in the Caucasus Area

World Population by ContinentsWorld Population by ContinentsWorld Population by ContinentsWorld Population by Continents

AsiaAsia 3,737,000,0003,737,000,000

AfricaAfrica 823,000,000823,000,000

EuropeEurope 729,000,000 729,000,000

North AmericaNorth America 486,000,000486,000,000

South AmericaSouth America 351,000,000 351,000,000

Oceania (incl. Oceania (incl. Australia)   Australia)   31,000,000 31,000,000

AntarcticaAntarctica no permanent no permanent population population

Population DensityPopulation Density[People Per Square Mile][People Per Square Mile]

Population DensityPopulation Density[People Per Square Mile][People Per Square Mile]

BelgiumBelgium 336.82 Mexico 52.15

Japan 336.72 United United StatesStates

29.77

India 336.62 World 14.42

United United KingdomKingdom

244.69 NorwayNorway 14.42

ItalyItaly 192.96 Canada 3.36

FranceFrance 108.09 RussiaRussia 8.61

PopulationPopulationDistributioDistributio

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PopulationPopulationDistributioDistributio

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MajorMajorReligiouReligiou

ssGroupsGroups

ininEuropeEurope

MajorMajorReligiouReligiou

ssGroupsGroups

ininEuropeEurope

Impact of the Geographic inheritance?

• 1st - wide variety of economic activities advanced Europe– diverse climate and geography allows a variety of

agricultural, manufacturing and industrial products.

• 2nd -Europe’s landmass makes it difficult for 1 political entity to control – Variety forms of government existed – Due to all of this, constant warfare, balance of power and

border disputes mark Europe’s history– Large variety of cultural difference exist

• ***Major theme of course…tension between the individual nations and the common heritage of Europe