geriatrics preventing falls in elderly - technology [iit bombay techfest winner]

IIT BombayIIT BombayTechfest: Seniors Fall prevention TechnologyTechfest: Seniors Fall prevention Technology

Reg. No- EX1226Reg. No- EX1226TOPIC: FALLS IN ELDERLYTOPIC: FALLS IN ELDERLY

Team members: Team members:

1.1. Anushree ChinchwadkarAnushree Chinchwadkar

2.2. Apoorva MujumdarApoorva Mujumdar

3.3. Kalyani KalwitKalyani Kalwit

4.4. Meghna SinghalMeghna Singhal

5.5. Philomina MathewPhilomina Mathew

6.6. Pradnyesha RodePradnyesha Rode

Contact: theanushree@gmail.comLinkedin: http://goo.gl/M6rhc8

THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM

Falls are a major cause of Falls are a major cause of injury in the elderly. injury in the elderly.

Damage caused is heavy, so Damage caused is heavy, so preventing them is always preventing them is always preffered. preffered.

WHO ARE AFFECTED?WHO ARE AFFECTED?

Falls majorly affect senior citizens, or people Falls majorly affect senior citizens, or people who are visually impaired. who are visually impaired.

MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEMMAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

WHY DO FALLS OCCUR?WHY DO FALLS OCCUR?There are innumerable causes of falls. There are innumerable causes of falls. For example: For example:

Inflammation of jointsInflammation of joints HypotensionHypotension Auditory and visual abnormalitiesAuditory and visual abnormalities TremorTremor Equilibrium problemsEquilibrium problems Foot problemsFoot problems Leg-length discrepancyLeg-length discrepancy Lack of conditioningLack of conditioning IllnessIllness NutritionNutrition Gait disturbance etcGait disturbance etcAll of these problems get AGGRAVATED considerably in OLD AGE.All of these problems get AGGRAVATED considerably in OLD AGE.

THIS KIT IS, THEREFORE, CUSTOM MADE TO REDRESS THE THIS KIT IS, THEREFORE, CUSTOM MADE TO REDRESS THE GRIEVANCES OF THE ELDERLY,RESULTING FROM A FALL. GRIEVANCES OF THE ELDERLY,RESULTING FROM A FALL.

SEQUENCE OF FALLSEQUENCE OF FALL

AREAS OF INJURYAREAS OF INJURY

OUR SOLUTIONOUR SOLUTION

1. Walking stick with touch sensors

2.2. Obstacle detection Obstacle detection by infrared sensors by infrared sensors and impact and impact sensorssensors

3.3. Wet floor detectorWet floor detector

WET FLOOR DETECTORWET FLOOR DETECTOR

Metal contacts will be planted on the outer sole of Metal contacts will be planted on the outer sole of the shoe to detect a wet floorthe shoe to detect a wet floor

The circuit will be completed when the metal plates The circuit will be completed when the metal plates come in contact with the wet floor.come in contact with the wet floor.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM TECHNICAL NOTES

TECHNICAL NOTESTECHNICAL NOTES

The output of sensor and the input are connected to The output of sensor and the input are connected to microprocessor IC 89C51 through the timer IC 555.microprocessor IC 89C51 through the timer IC 555.

Time for which the output should be high for the buzzer Time for which the output should be high for the buzzer to ring is taken as 2 sec. Therefore to ring is taken as 2 sec. Therefore T=1.1R*CT=1.1R*C Time for Time for which the output should be high for the buzzer to ring is which the output should be high for the buzzer to ring is taken as 2 sec. taken as 2 sec.

Therefore Therefore T=1.1R*C,T=1.1R*C,R=18.18Mohm if C=0.1µF.R=18.18Mohm if C=0.1µF.

PIN DIAGRAM::

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM

OBSTACLE DETECTIONOBSTACLE DETECTION

Majority of the falls are caused when a person fails to Majority of the falls are caused when a person fails to acknowledge the obstacle in front of him/her and trips acknowledge the obstacle in front of him/her and trips over it and falls over it and falls

You can trip over the object whose height is less than the You can trip over the object whose height is less than the height of the calf.height of the calf.

TECHNICAL NOTES::

TECHNICAL NOTESTECHNICAL NOTES The IR proximity sensor module is

based around the TSOP sensor, commonly used in TV remote receivers. This module is able to detect objects at a distance of 5cm to 30cm. the maximum detectable distance varies in accordance with the colour and texture of the object. For tuning the obstacle detection module, we have used the power supply/battery, controller board, IR proximity sensor module.

PIN DIAGRAM:PIN DIAGRAM:

TOUCH SENSORS ON WALKING TOUCH SENSORS ON WALKING STICKSTICK

It is assumed here that if the person looses It is assumed here that if the person looses the grip of his stick than he has had a fall. the grip of his stick than he has had a fall. On losing the grip, the USER would be On losing the grip, the USER would be given an alarm first. This is to avoid the given an alarm first. This is to avoid the false fall detection in cases like:false fall detection in cases like:

The person might want to voluntarily The person might want to voluntarily discontinue the use of stick.discontinue the use of stick.

Negligence of a person or momentary loss Negligence of a person or momentary loss of grip.of grip.

In case of the above situation the person In case of the above situation the person should turn off the alarm himself by the should turn off the alarm himself by the button provided.button provided.

TECHNICAL NOTESTECHNICAL NOTES

The sensor will communicate with the main The sensor will communicate with the main microprocessor based console in a wireless manner.microprocessor based console in a wireless manner.

We use Encoder and decoder ICs for sending and We use Encoder and decoder ICs for sending and receiving the instantaneous output of the sensor using receiving the instantaneous output of the sensor using RF modules Transmitter and Receiver.RF modules Transmitter and Receiver.

The HT12D ICs are series of CMOS LSIs for remote The HT12D ICs are series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications. These ICs are paired with control system applications. These ICs are paired with each other. each other.

PIN DIAGRAMPIN DIAGRAM

IMPACT SENSORSIMPACT SENSORS

Majority of the falls result into a sudden and high impact between the hips/knees and ground.

Tiny and light weight sensors incorporated in knee caps or hip pads.

The assembly consists of coiled switches. They basically The assembly consists of coiled switches. They basically consist of the tightly wound spring which would get consist of the tightly wound spring which would get locked and make a contact only if it undergoes high locked and make a contact only if it undergoes high stress experienced in trauma and impact.stress experienced in trauma and impact.

GPRS/ GSM ModuleGPRS/ GSM Module The falls are notified to The falls are notified to

the relatives etc by the relatives etc by sending any SMS sending any SMS automatically when automatically when the fall is detected.the fall is detected.

This is implemented This is implemented

by using the GPRS by using the GPRS GSM SIM 300 module GSM SIM 300 module which transmits the which transmits the SMS via AT SMS via AT commands.commands.

OVERALL MICROPROCESSOR OVERALL MICROPROCESSOR BASED CONTROL SYSTEMBASED CONTROL SYSTEM

ALGORITHMALGORITHM

WHO ARE GOING TO BENEFIT FROM THIS?

KIT CUSTOM MADE TO SUIT THE KIT CUSTOM MADE TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY.NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY.

The two major unsafe environmental conditions that may cause a The two major unsafe environmental conditions that may cause a fall and have been taken care of by our system are:fall and have been taken care of by our system are:

Wet/slippery floor.Wet/slippery floor. An obstacle in path which may cause the person to fall by tripping An obstacle in path which may cause the person to fall by tripping

over it.over it.

To tackle these obstacles, the following devices have been incorporatedTo tackle these obstacles, the following devices have been incorporated

in the kitin the kit

1. Wet floor detector

2. Obstacle detection by infrared sensors

3. Touch sensors on Walking stick

4. Impact sensors

FUTURE PROSPECTS FUTURE PROSPECTS AND OVERALL IMPACTAND OVERALL IMPACT

ADVANTAGES OF THE FALL-ADVANTAGES OF THE FALL-DETECTOR KIT DETECTOR KIT

1. Practicality of idea1. Practicality of idea

2. Implement ability 2. Implement ability

3. Cost efficiency3. Cost efficiency

4. Marketability4. Marketability

5. Safety5. Safety

1. 1. Practicality of ideaPracticality of idea

As pointed out earlier, this is an all encompassing safety As pointed out earlier, this is an all encompassing safety kit for the elderly keeping all kinds of situations in mind kit for the elderly keeping all kinds of situations in mind which could result in their fall. The kit has been so which could result in their fall. The kit has been so designed that the number of false alarms is reduced to a designed that the number of false alarms is reduced to a minimum.minimum.

The idea is fully implementable and achievable. The idea is fully implementable and achievable.

2. 2. Implement abilityImplement ability

The product can be marketed in the current existing The product can be marketed in the current existing market situation- walking stick, knee hip pad (impact market situation- walking stick, knee hip pad (impact sensors) and sensors) and e-sockse-socks..

All the components of the kit are readily available in the All the components of the kit are readily available in the local electronics market.local electronics market.

3. 3. Cost efficiencyCost efficiency

All the components used in the kit, the microprocessors, All the components used in the kit, the microprocessors, TSOP modules; buzzers, metal contacts, etc. are readily TSOP modules; buzzers, metal contacts, etc. are readily and cheaply available in the mainstream electronics and cheaply available in the mainstream electronics market, thereby making the kit highly affordable.market, thereby making the kit highly affordable.

4. 4. User friendlinessUser friendliness

The kit has been developed keeping in mind the comfort The kit has been developed keeping in mind the comfort of the elders. The whole designing is done giving utmost of the elders. The whole designing is done giving utmost importance to the usability .The total weight of the importance to the usability .The total weight of the system is not more than 100gmssystem is not more than 100gms

5. 5. MarketabilityMarketability

Added to the low cost is the booming healthcare Added to the low cost is the booming healthcare scenario and the increasing number of senior scenario and the increasing number of senior citizens living on their own will prompt their citizens living on their own will prompt their children to buy this kit.children to buy this kit.

The manufacturing of this kit is extremely The manufacturing of this kit is extremely concise and involves the least amount of concise and involves the least amount of sensors while achieving high rate of efficiency sensors while achieving high rate of efficiency

6. 6. SafetySafety

Though the components used throughout the circuits of Though the components used throughout the circuits of the kit are mostly electrical, the voltage required by them the kit are mostly electrical, the voltage required by them does not exceed 5 volts which is well within the safety does not exceed 5 volts which is well within the safety limits .limits .

Owing to all these factors, the future prospects of our kit Owing to all these factors, the future prospects of our kit are very bright.are very bright.

OVERALL IMPACTOVERALL IMPACT

The kit will do a great service to the elderly who are The kit will do a great service to the elderly who are increasingly being left to look after themselves by their increasingly being left to look after themselves by their children. It will help alleviate their insecurities and fears children. It will help alleviate their insecurities and fears to a great extent and make them increasingly self to a great extent and make them increasingly self reliant ,which goes without saying will be a highly reliant ,which goes without saying will be a highly positive change!positive change!

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Contact:Contact:

Anushree ChinchwadkarAnushree Chinchwadkar

Email: theanushree@gmail.comLinkedin: http://goo.gl/M6rhc8