ghg inventory issues and concerns (fuel combustion) jose ramon t. villarin shanghai, china 8 feb...
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GHG Inventory Issues and Concerns
(Fuel combustion)
Jose Ramon T. Villarin
Shanghai, China
8 Feb 2005
Outline
• Status of energy GHG emissions
• Issues and recommendations
• Challenges
Status of Energy GHG emissions
• Submission in 1NC
• Key sources
Issues and Recommendations
• Localization– Emission factors (e.g. coal and other fuel
types)– Technologies (e.g. alternative fuels)
• Study local fuel types and technologies (e.g. fuel composition) and develop local emission factors.
Issues and Recommendations
• Institutionalization of the Overall Energy Balance (OEB) Sheet
• OEB adapted in such a way that it will contain all the information necessary for the computation of GHG emissions in the energy sector.
Issues and Recommendations
• Data readily available from DOE but are highly variable due to continuous updates in fuel consumption and allocations.
• Regularize submission schedules; rationalize data submission protocols especially from oil companies and private sector to various gov agencies
Issues and Recommendations
• Incomplete database on household consumption of biomass fuels such as wood/woodwaste, charcoal, agriwaste and other biomass/waste.– Only basis is 1989 and projections made for 1995
and 2000, from UNDP-ESMAP study. DOE’s Household Energy Consumption Study (HECS) commenced only in 1995.
• Institutionalize/regularize surveys and studies on household fuel consumption (e.g. biomass and conventional fuels)
Issues and Recommendations
• Major data gaps in the transportation subsector– Need to update VECP EFs for new vehicles and fuel
types– Type and technology of registered vehicles– Number of kilometers traveled per year– CO2 in emissions testing, MVIS
• Institutionalize comprehensive registration process containing all the necessary and important information for each registered vehicle in every LTO registration branch.
Issues and Recommendations
• Institutionalization of data flow and information systems within DOE
• Develop structured linkages within the DOE specifically with the Demand Analysis and Planning Division (DAPD), main data center of the department, and the Environment Division which computes and projects national CO2 emissions from the energy
sector.
Energy inventory challenges
• Power reform (entry of private sector)
• Natural gas, biofuels
• QA/QC
• Uncertainty analysis
• Level of aggregation (geographic too)
Thank you.
Happy New Year of the Rooster!
1994 Total GHG Emissions (non-LUCF)
Waste7%
Agriculture33%
Industry11%
Energy49%
SECTOR CO2 Emissions (Gg)
Energy 50,038Industry 10,603Agriculture 33,130Waste 7,094
TOTAL 100,864
Energy Sector
Fugitive Emissions
0%
Others7%
Energy Industries
27%
Commercial1%Transport
30%
Agriculture1%
Residential10%Industries
24%
Sub Sector CO2 Emissions(Gg)
Power Generation 15,508Residential 4,359Industries 9,497Agriculture 1,189Transport 15,888Commercial 3,370Fugitive Emissions 227
TOTAL 50,038
Philippine Energy Mix (1994)
Hydro19%
Geothermal21%
Fuel Oil25%
Diesel31%
Coal4%
New fuel type: natural gas
Reference vs sectoral approaches
• Reference (top-down): 49,999.51 kt CO2
• Sectoral (bottom-up) = 47,335.37 kt CO2
• Difference: 2,665 kt CO2
Tier 1: Level Assessment
A B C D E
IPCC Source Categories aDirect Greenhouse Gas
Base Year Estimate, 1994 (Gg CO2 Equiv)
Level
Assessment b
Cumulative Total of Column
D
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation CO2 15,800.63 0.15 0.15
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries CO2 15,458.02 0.15 0.30
CH4 Emissions from Rice Production CH4 13,364.30 0.13 0.43
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing CO2 8,980.12 0.09 0.52
Direct N2O Emissions from Agricultural Soils N2O 6,603.00 0.06 0.58
CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites CH4 6,357.30 0.06 0.65
CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock CH4 5,447.97 0.05 0.70
CO2 Emissions from Cement Production CO2 4,771.04 0.05 0.74
CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry CO2 4,333.92 0.04 0.79
N2O Emissions from Manure Management N2O 3,494.32 0.03 0.82
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial CO2 3,367.66 0.03 0.85
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CO2 2,544.30 0.02 0.88
Indirect N2O Emissions from Nitrogen used in Agriculture N2O 2,061.50 0.02 0.90
Emissions from Wastewater Handling CH4 1,886.97 0.02 0.92
CH4 Emissions from Manure Management CH4 1,554.92 0.02 0.93
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CH4 1,529.50 0.01 0.95
Source Category Analysis (Summary)
A B C D E
IPCC Source CategoriesDirect Greenhouse Gas
Key Source Category Flag
Id Column C is Yes, Criteria for Identification
Comments
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries CO2 Yes Level
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CO2 Yes Level, Trend
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing CO2 Yes Level, Trend
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Agriculture CO2 Yes Trend
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation CO2 Yes Level, Trend
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial CO2 Yes Level, Trend
Fugitive Emissions from Coal Mining and Handling CH4 No
Fugitive Emissions from Oil and Gas Activities CH4 No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries CH4 No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential CH4 Yes Level, Trend
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing CH4 No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Agriculture CH4 No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation CH4 No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial CH4 No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Energy Industries N2O No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Residential N2O No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing N2O No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Agriculture N2O No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -Transportation N2O No
Non-CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Commercial N2O No
CO2 Emissions from Cement Production CO2 Yes Level, Trend
CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry CO2 Yes Level, Trend
CO2 Emissions from Chemical Production CO2 NoEmissions from substitutes of Ozone Depleting Substances several No
Quantitative Methods Used: Tier 1
ENERGY Sector
INDUSTRIAL Sector
Local Fuel Type IPCC Equivalent Carbon Emission Factor (t C/TJ)
Coal Sub Bituminous Coal 26.2 Crude Oil Crude Oil 20.0 Premium Gasoline Gasoline 18.9 Regular Gasoline Gasoline 18.9 Unleaded Gasoline Gasoline 18.9 Kerosene Other Kerosene 19.6 Diesel Gas/Diesel Oil 20.2 Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil 21.1 LPG LPG 17.2 Avturbo Jet Kerosene 21.1 Naptha Naptha 20.0 Asphalt Bitumen 22.0 Avgas Other Oil 20.0 Lube/Grease Lubricants 20.0
Local and IPCC fuel types
FUELS
Coal Crude Premium Regular Kerosene Diesel Fuel Oil
Conversion Factors 0.00048 0.1344 0.1245 0.1223 0.127 0.1347 0.1444Indigenous Production 695.60 256.38Imports (+) 534.35 11,884.58 378.80 83.48 1,976.35 1,069.05Exports (-) -176.50 0.00 -23.82 -47.65Marine Bunkers (-) 0.00 -30.65 -62.00Stock Change (+/-) 24.64 -149.16 11.45 6.60 5.92 142.54 53.40PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY 1,254.59 11,815.30 390.25 -17.21 89.40 2,088.24 1,012.79 Refinery -11,780.61 1,069.97 437.06 497.29 3,547.76 4,271.64 Power Generation 0.00 Fuel Input (-) -603.35 -1,476.69 -2,660.06 Electricity Gen.( GWh) 0.65 1,259.04 1,094.84 Gas Manufacture Transmission/Dist. Loss (-) Energy Sector Use & Loss (-) -438.40NET DOMESTIC SUPPLY 651.89 -403.72 1,460.23 419.85 586.70 4,159.30 2,624.37 Statistical Difference -135.39 -403.72 31.19 -20.58 42.75 -37.50 386.13NET DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION 787.28 0.00 1,429.04 440.43 543.95 4,196.80 2,238.24 Industry 639.66 29.00 439.39 1,560.84 Manufacturing Beverages 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tobacco 0.00 3.34 13.41 Coco/Vegetable Oil 0.01 9.26 91.35 Sugar 2.87 0.01 35.92 86.58 Other Food Processing 1.25 59.21 254.02 Textile/Apparel 1.21 5.98 146.37 Wood Prod/Furniture 0.03 33.66 12.57 Paper Prod/ Printing 0.05 1.61 171.33 Chemicals Except Fertilizer 8.56 15.65 17.32 61.39 Fertilizer 5.72 0.00 1.48 17.44 Rubber/Rubber Prod 0.13 2.25 27.53 Glass/Glass Products 0.03 10.99 74.86 Cement 614.22 0.01 15.11 226.24 Lube Refining 0.15 83.08 82.69 Other Non-Metallic Minerals 5.23 4.98 18.35 Basic Metal 8.29 3.85 19.40 144.08 Machinery/ Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mining 0.00 55.65 119.06
Construction 1.38 80.17 13.57 Transport 1,429.04 338.87 2.93 2,997.01 283.82 Railway Road Transport 1,429.04 338.34 1.72 2,886.93 5.68 Water Transport 0.54 1.21 110.08 278.13 Air Transport Residential 6.08 469.90 15.38 Commercial 18.46 39.52 437.44 390.02 Agriculture 77.01 2.59 307.58 3.56 Others, Non-Energy Use 147.62
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
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Bal
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Bal
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FUELS
Conversion FactorsIndigenous ProductionImports (+)Exports (-)Marine Bunkers (-)Stock Change (+/-)PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY Refinery Power Generation Fuel Input (-) Electricity Gen.( GWh) Gas Manufacture Transmission/Dist. Loss (-) Energy Sector Use & Loss (-)NET DOMESTIC SUPPLY Statistical DifferenceNET DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION Industry Manufacturing Beverages Tobacco Coco/Vegetable Oil Sugar Other Food Processing Textile/Apparel Wood Prod/Furniture Paper Prod/ Printing Chemicals Except Fertilizer Fertilizer Rubber/Rubber Prod Glass/Glass Products Cement Lube Refining Other Non-Metallic Minerals Basic Metal Machinery/ Equipment Mining
Construction Transport Railway Road Transport Water Transport Air Transport Residential Commercial Agriculture Others, Non-Energy Use
LPG AVTurbo Naphtha Asphalt AVGas Others
0.0922 0.127 0.1238 0.1521 0.1224 0.1412
397.83 30.04 2.89 17.44-548.85
-450.93 -0.17-7.70 8.52 3.22 0.98 16.72
390.14 -420.89 -540.33 3.22 3.87 33.99258.68 552.66 540.25 34.59 0.00 90.25
-0.12 -1.75 0.00 0.00 -6.85
648.81 131.65 -1.83 37.81 3.87 117.38-8.70 -50.57 -0.08 2.33 -2.51 -72.14
657.51 182.22 -1.75 35.49 6.38 189.536.96 0.00
0.00 0.000.08 0.000.00 0.010.00 0.003.00 0.000.51 0.000.00 0.000.19 0.020.01 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.001.02 0.002.15 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.01
0.00 0.000.00 182.22 0.00 6.38
182.22 6.38419.79230.76 0.00
35.49 189.53
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Energy Data Flow Diagram
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