giao an hoa hoc 8 ca nam

Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh1Ngy son : 12/08/2012Ngy dy: Tun t 15/8--> 18/8/2012Bt u dy lp 8A th 5/16/8Tit 1 : M U MN HA HCA. MC TIU:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS bit Ha hc l khoa hc nghin cu cc cht, s bin i cht v ngdng.+ Vai tr quan trng ca Ha hc.+ Phng php hc tt mn Ha hc.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng bit lm th nghim, bit quan st.+ Rn luyn phng php t duy logic, c suy lun sng to.+ Lm vic tp th.3. Gio dc: C hng th say m hc tp, ham thch c sch. Nghim tc ghi chp cchin tng quan st th nghim.B. PHNG PHP:- Thuyt trnh, hi p, quan st, hot ng nhm.C. CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b lm cc th nghim:+ dung dch NaOH + dung dch CuSO4 .+ dung dch HCl + Fe2. HS : Xem trc ni dung th nghim ca bi 1, tm mt s vt, sn phm ca HahcD. TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim traIII. Bi mi:1. t vn :Ho hc l mt mn hc hp dn nhng rt mi l. tm hiu v ho hc th chng tacng nghin cu ho hc l g?2.Pht trin bi.Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dungHot ng 1:Ho hc l g?- Gv: lm th nghim: Cho dung dch NaOH tcdng vi dung dch CuSO4.-Hc sinh quan st mu sc dung dch trc phnng v sau khi phn ng xy ra.Nhn xt hintng.- Gv: cho hc sinh lm th nghim th inh st vodung dch HCl.-Hc sinh quan st hin tng rt ra nhn xt.-Hs: Em hy rt ra nhn xt v 2 th nghim trn ?-Hoc vd: t chy ng thnh than...- Gv: T 2 TN trn, em hiu Ho hc l g ?I. Ho hc l g?1. Th nghim:a) TN 1: 1ml dung dch CuSO4 + 1ml dungdch NaOHb) TN 2: Cho 1 inh st co sch + 1ml dungdch NaOH.2. Quan st:a) TN 1: dung dch CuSO4 xanh b nht mu,c mt cht mi khng tan trong nc.b) TN 2: C bt kh t dung dch HCl bayln.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh2Hot ng 2: Ha hc c vai tr nh th notrong cuc sng chng ta?- Hs: c 3 cu hi trong sgk trang 4.- Hc sinh tho lun nhm cho v d .- Gv: Ho hc c vai tr quan trng nh th notrong cuc sng.-Khi sn xut ho cht v s dng ho cht c cnlu vn g ?Hot ng III: Cn phi lm g hc tt mnHa hc?- Hs: c thng tin sgk.- Gv: t chc cho HS tho lun.- Gv: Khi hc tp ho hc cc em cn ch thchin nhng hot ng g ?- Gv: hc tp tt mn ho hc cn p dngnhng phng php no ?3. Nhn xt: Ho hc l khoa hc nghin cucc cht v s bin i cht v ng dng cachng.II. Ha hc c vai tr nh th no trong cucsng chng ta?1. V d:- Xoong ni, cuc, dy in.- Phn bn, thuc tr su.- Bt, thc, eke, thuc.2. Nhn xt:- ch to vt dng trong gia nh, phc vhc tp, cha bnh.- Phc v cho nng nghip, cng nghip.- Cc cht thi, sn phm ca ho hc vnc hi nn cn hn ch tc hi n mi trng.3. Kt lun:Ho hc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cucsng ca chng ta.III. Cn phi lm g hc tt mn Ha hc?1. Cc hot ng cn ch khi hc mnHa hc:+ Thu thp tm kim kin thc.+ X l thng tin.+ Vn dng.+ Ghi nh.2. Phng php hc tp tt mn ho:* Hc tt mn Ha hc l nm vng v c khnng vn dng thnh tho kin thc hc .* hc tt mn ho cn:+ lm v quan st th nghim tt.+ c hng th, say m, rn luyn t duy.+ phi nh c chn lc.+ phi c thm sch.IV. Cng c:Cho hc sinh nhc li cc nt dung c bn ca bi:+ Ho hc l g?+ Vi tr ca Ha hc.+ Lm g hc tt mn Ha hc?V. Dn d :Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh3Xem trc bi 1 ca chng I v tr li cc cu hi sau: Cht c u? Vic tm hiucht c li g cho chng ta?Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3 SGKVI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 12/08/2012Ngy dy: Tun t 15/8--> 18/8/2012 ; Bt u dy lp 8B th 2/ 20/8Tit 2 :CHT (T1)A. MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS phn bit c vt th, vt liu v cht.+ HS bit cch nhn ra tnh cht ca cht c bin php s dng ng.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng bit cch quan st, dng dng c o v th nghim nhn ratnh cht ca cht.+ Bit ng dng ca mi cht tu theo tnh cht ca cht.+ Bit da vo tnh cht nhn bit cht.3. Gio dc: C thc vn dng kin thc v tnh cht ca cht vo thc t cuc sng.B. PHNG PHP- Nu vn , ging gii, hi p , hot ng nhm....C.PHNG TIN:1. GV : Chun b mt s mu cht: vin phn, ming ng, cy inh st...2. HS : Chun b mt s vt n gin: thc, compa, ..D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chcII. Kim tra bi c: - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:+ Ho hc l g?+ Vai tr ho hc vi i sng ntn? V d?+ Phng php hc tt mn Ha hc?III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Hng ngy chng ta thng tip xc v dng ht go, c khoai, qu chui,... Nhng vtth ny c phi l cht khng? Cht v vt th c g khc?2. Pht trin bi.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh4Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dungHot ng 1:Cht c u?- HS: c SGK v quan st H.T7- Gv: Hy k tn nhng vt th xung quanh ta ?Chia lm hai loi chnh: T nhin v nhn to-Thng bo cc vt th t nhin v nhn to-GVgii thiu cht c u:-Thng bo thnh phn cc vt th t nhin v vtth nhn to.-Gv: K cc vt th t nhin, cc vt th nhnto?- Phn tch cc cht to nn cc vt th t nhin.Cho VD ?- Vt th nhn to lm bng g ?- Vt liu lm bng g ?*GV hng dn hc sinh tm cc Vd trong isng.Hot ng 2: Tnh cht ho hc ca cht.- Hs: c thng tin sgk Tr 8.-Gv: Tnh cht ca cht c th chia lm my loichnh ? Nhng tnh cht no l tnh cht vt l,tnh cht no l tnh cht ho hc ?-Gv: hng dn hs quan st phn bit mt s chtda vo tnh cht vt l, ho hc.-Gv: lm th nghim xc nh nhit si canc, nhit nng chy ca lu hunh, th tnhdn in ca lu hunh v ming nhm.- Mun xc nh tnh cht ca cht ta lm nh thno?- Hc sinh lm bi tp 5.- Gv: Bit tnh cht ca cht c tc dng g?Cho vi vd thc tin trong i sng sx: cao sukhng thm kh-> lm sm xe, khng thm nc-> o ma, bao ng cht lng v c tnh n hi,chu s mi mn tt-> lp t, xe my...I. Cht c u?Vt thT nhin: Nhn to:VD: Cy c Bn ghSng sui ThcKhng kh... Com pa...=> Cht c trong mi vt th, u c vt th c cht.II. Tnh cht ho hc ca cht.1. Mi cht c nhng tnh cht nht nh:ChtTnh cht vt l Tnh cht ha hcMu, mi, v... ChyTan, dn in,... Phn hu...a) Quan st: tnh cht bn ngoi: mu, th...VD: st mu xm bc, vin phn mu trng...b) Dng dng c o:VD: Dng nhit k o nhit si ca ncl 100oC...c) Lm th nghim: Bit c mt s TCVLv cc TCHH.VD: o dn in, lm th nghim t chyst trong khng kh...2. Vic hiu cc tnh cht ca cht c li g?a) Phn bit cht ny vi cht khcVD: Cn chy cn nc khng chy...b) Bit cch s dng cht an tonVD: H2SO4 c nguy him, gy bng... nncn cn thn khi s dngc) Bit ng dng cht thch hp vo trong isng v sn xutVD: Cao su khng thm nc, n hi nndng ch to sm, lp xe...Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh5IV. Cng c:Cho hc sinh nhc li cc nt dung c bn ca bi:+ Cht c u?+ Cht c nhng tnh cht no? Cht no c nhng tnh cht nht nh?+ Lm th no bit tnh cht ca cht?+ Bit tnh cht ca cht c li g?V. Dn d :Xem trc ni dung phn III trong SGK v tr li cc cu hi sau: Hn hp l g? Nh thno l cht tinh khit? Da vo u tch cht ra khi hn hp?Bi tp v nh: 4, 5, 6 (SGKVI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 18/8/ 2012Ngy day. Tun2 t 20/8--> 25/8/2012 bt u dy lp 8A th 5/23/8Tit 3 :CHT (T2)A.MC TIU BI HC:1 . Kin thc:+ Gip HS phn bit cht v hn hp: cht khng c ln cht khc (cht tinh khit) mic tnh cht nht nh, cn hn hp th khng.+ HS bit c nc t nhin l nc hn hp v nc ct l nc tinh khit.2. K nng:+ Bit da vo TCVL khc nhau tch cht ra khi hn hp.+ Rn luyn k nng quan st, tm c hin tng qua hnh v.+ Bc u s dng ngn ng ho hc chnh xc: cht, cht tinh khit, hn hp.3. Gio dc: C hng th nghin cu khoa hc, s dng ng cc ngn ng khoa hc vn dng vo hc tp.B. PHUNG PHP:- Ging gii, hi p, quan st, hot ng nhmC.PHNG TIN:1. GV : Chun b mt s mu vt: chai nc khong, vi ng nc ct, dng c th tnhdn in.2. HS : Lm cc bi tp v xem trc ni dung th nghim phn III.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c. - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh6+ cht c u? Cho v d cc vt th quanh ta?+ bit c cc tnh cht ca cht th cn dngcc phng php no?+ Vic hiu tnh cht ca cht c li g?III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Bi hc trc gip ta phn bit c cht, vt th. Gip ta bit mi cht c nhngtnh cht nht nh. Bi hc hm nay gip chng ta r hn v cht tinh khit v hn hp.2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dungHot ng 1:Cht tinh khit.-Hs: c sgk, quan st chai nc khong, ngnc ct v cho bit chng c nhng tnh cht gging nhau ?-Gv: V sao nc sng Hng c mu hng, ncsng Lam c mu xanh lam, nc bin c v mn ?-V sao ni nc t nhin l mt hn hp ?-Vy em hiu th no l hn hp ?-Tnh cht ca hn hp thay i tu theo thnhphn cc cht trong hn hp.Hot ng 2:Cht tinh khit:* Cho hc sinh quan st chng ct nc nh H1.4av nhit si 1.4b, ng nc ct ri nhn xt.-Gv: Lm th no khng nh nc ct l cht tinhkhit? (Nhit si, nhit nng chy, D).-Gv: gii thiu cht tinh khit c nhng tnh chtnht nh.- Vy cht tinh khit l g?Hot ng III:Tch cht ra khi hn hp.-Gv: Tch cht ra khi hn hp nhm mc ch thuc cht tinh khit.- C mt hn hp nc mui, ta lm sao tch muira khi hn hp mui v nc?-Ta da vo tnh cht no ca mui tchc mui ra khi hn hp mui v nc?- Hs: tm cc phng php tch cht ra khi hphp ngoi phng php trn.-HS cho v d .-Cho hc sinh lm bi tp 4, bi tp 7(a,b).III. Cht tinh khit.1. Hn hp.VD:Nc ct NckhongGing Trong sut,khng mu,ung cKhc Pha chthuc,dngtrong PTNKhngdng cKL: Hn hp l hai hay nhiu cht trn ln.2. Cht tinh khit:VD: Chng ct nc t nhin nhiu ln ththu c nc ctNc ct c tonc = 0oC, tos = 100oC, D= 1g/cm3...KL: Cht tinh khit mi c nhng tnh cht nhtnh.VD: Nc ct (nc tinh khit)3. Tch cht ra khi hn hp.VD: - khuy tan mt lng mui n vo nc hn hp trong sut- un nng nc bay hi, ngng t hi nc ct.- Cn nc thu c mui n.KL: Da vo cc tnh cht vt l khc nhau cth tch c mt cht ra khi hn hp.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh7IV. Cng c:Cho HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi 2:+ Cht c u?+ Tnh cht ca cht:- Lm th no bit cc tnh cht ca cht?- ngha.+ Cht tinh khit:- Hn hp l g?- Cht tinh khit th c nhng tnh cht ntn?- C th da vo u tch cht?V. Dn d :Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh, ph lc trang 154, chun b cho bi thc hnh: 2 chunc, hn hp ct v mui n.Bi tp v nh: 7,8 (SGK)* HD bi 8H nhit xung -183oC th kh oxib ho lng, ta tch ly kh oxi, sau tip tc lmlnh n -196oC th kh nit ho lng ta thu c kh nit.VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh8Ngy son : 18/8/ 2012Ngy day. Tun 3 t 27/8--> 1/9/2012; bt u dy lp 8B/th 2/27/8/2012Tit 4 :BI THC HNH 1: TNH CHT NNG CHY CA CHT- TCH CHT T HNHP.A. MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ HS lm quen v bit cch s dng mt s dng c th nghim.+ HS nm c mt s quy tc an ton trong PTN.+ So snh c nhit nng chy ca mt s cht.2. K nng:+ Bit da vo TCVL khc nhau tch cht ra khi hn hp.+ Rn luyn k nng quan st, nu hin tng qua th nghim.+ Bc u lm quen vi th nghim ho hc.3. Gio dc: C hng th nghin cu khoa hc, tun th quy tc PTN, yukhoa hc v thc nghim, tnh kin tr, cn thn, tit kim.B. PHNG PHP-Ging gii, hot ng nhm, thc hnhC.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b 4 b dng c th nghim: Kp, phu thu tinh, a thu tinh,cc thu tinh, n cn, nhit k, giy lc; ho cht: lu hunh, parafin, mui n.2. HS : Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh, c trc phn ph lc 1 tran 154-155, n nh ch ngi PTH.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim traIII. Bi mi:1. t vn : Nu nhim v ca bi hc: tin hnh thc hnh.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dungHot ng 1:Mt s quy tc an ton, cch sdng dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim:Gv: Gii thiu dng c th nghim v quy tc anton khi lm th nghim.- Ni quy phng thc hnh.- Hs: c bng ph (mc I v II) sgk Trang 154.Gv: Gii thiu nhn ca mt s ho cht nguy him.Hs: Quan st cc hnh Trang 155 ri gv gii thiucc dng v cch s dng cc dng ny trong phngTN.Hot ng 2:Tin hnh th nghim:Xc nh nhit nng chy ca parafin v luhunh.-Gv: cho hc sinh c phn hng dn trong Sgk.- Cho Hs lm TN theo 4 nhm.I. Mt s quy tc an ton, cch s dngdng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim:1. Mt s quy tc an ton:- Mc I Trang 154 sgk.2. Cch s dng ho cht:-Mc II Trang 154 sgk.-Thao tc ly ho cht lng, tt n cn, uncht lng trong ng nghim...3. Mt s dng c v cch s dng:- Mc III Trang 155 sgk.II. Tin hnh th nghim:1. Th nghim 1:* Theo di nhit nng chy ca S vGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh9- Hng dn HS quan st s chuyn trng thi t rn-> lng ca parafin (y l nhit nng chy caparafin, ghi li nhit ny).- Ghi li nhit si ca nc.-Khi nc si, lu hunh nng chy cha?- Vy em c nhn xt g?Gv: hng dn HS tip tc kp ng nghim un trnn cn cho n khi S nng chy. Ghi nhit nngchy ca S.-Vy nhit nng chy ca S hay ca parafin lnhn ?Gv: Qua TN trn, em hy rt ra nhn xt chung vs nng chy ca cc cht ntn ?*Tch cht ra khi hn hp.Hs: nghin cu cch tin hnh Trang 13.Gv: Ta dng nhng phng php g tch muira khi hn hp mui v ct ?parafin:- parafin c nhit nng chy: 42 oC- Khi nc si S vn cha nng chy.- S c nhit nng chy: 113 oC.- Nhit n/c S > nhit n/c parafin.* Cc cht khc nhau c th nhit nngchy khc nhau. -> gip ta nhn bit cht nyvi cht khc.2.Th nghim 2:* Tch ring cht t hn hp mui n v ct:- So snh cht rn y ng nghim vi muin ban u ?-un nc lc bay hi.-Nc bay hi thu c mui nHot ng 3:Lm bn tng trnh th nghim theo mu sau:STT Tn TN Tin hnh Hin tng Gii thch PTP1 ............... ................................................ .................. ................... ...............2 ................ ................................................ .................. ................... ...............IV. Cng c: Kim tra VS ca hc sinh.V. Dn d:Hon thnh ni dung thc hnh, xem trc ni dung bi nguyn t, xem li phn s lcv NT vt l lp 7 v tr li cc cu hi sau: Nguyn t l g? Cu to nguyn t ntn? intch cc ht cu to nn nguyn t?VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh10Ngy son : 25/8/ 2011Ngy day. Tun t 29/8--> 3/9/2011Tit 5 :NGUYN TA.MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS bit c nguyn t l ht v cng nh, trung ho v in v t tora c mi cht. NT gm ht nhn mang in dng, v v to bi cc electron mang in m.+ HS bit c ht nhn cu to bi proton v ntron (p v n), nguyn t cngloi c cng s p. Khi lng ht nhn c coi l khi lng ca NT.+ HS bit c trong NT th s e = p. Eletron lun chuyn ng v sp xp thnhtng lp, nh e m NT c th lin kt vi nhau.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn tnh quan st v t duy cho HS.3. Gio dc: Hnh thnh th gii quan khoa hc v to cho HS hng th hc b mn.B. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b sn s minh ho cu to 3 NT: hidro, oxi, natri.2. HS : Xem li phn NT lp 7 (Vt l).D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim traIII. Bi mi:1. t vn :Qua cc th d v cht th c cht mi c vt th vy cht c to ra t u? tmhiu vn ny hm nay chng ta hc bi nguyn t.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng 1:Nguyn t l g ?- GV t cu hi gip hc sinh nh li cht vvt th.?Vt th c to ra t u.-HS: T cht.?Cht to ra t u.-GV hng dn HS s dng thng tin trongSgk v phn c thm (Phn 1).-HS tr li cu hi: Nguyn t l nhng htnh th no?-HS nhn xt mi quan h gia cht, vt th vnguyn t c lin h t vt l lp 7.(Tngin tch ca cc ht e c tr s tuyt i = intch dng htnhn).*GVthng bo KL ht: e =9,1095.2810 g.1. Nguyn t l g ?* Nguyn t l ht v cng nh v trung hov in, t to ra mi cht.- Nguyn t gm:+ Ht nhn mang in tch dng .+ V to bi 1 hay nhiu e mang in tchm.-K hiu : + Elect ron : e (-).V d: Nguyn t Heli (Bt5 - trang6)Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh11*Hot ng 2: Ht nhn nguyn t:-GV hng n HS c thng tin sgk.? Ht nhn nguyn t to bi nhng loi htno.?Cho bit k hiu, in tch ca cc ht.*GV thng bo KL ca p,n:+ p = 1,6726.2810 g.+ n = 1,6748.2810 g.- HS c thng tin Sgk (trang 15). GV nu khinim Nguyn t cng loi? Em c nhn xt g v s p v s e trongnguyn t .? So snh KL ht p, n , e trong nguyn t.- GV phn tch , thng bo : Vy khi lngca ht nhn c coi l khi lng canguyn t.-HS lm bi tp 2.* Hot ng 3:Lp electon:- GV thng bo thng tin Sgk.- GV hng dn HS quan st s minh ho 3nguyn t: H,O v Na.? Nhn xt s lp e . S e lp ngoi cng. Sp v s e.- Dng nguyn t Na,O phn tch:+ Na c 3 lp e.+ O c 2 lp e.* GV gii thch nguyn t O v cc khi nimkin thc:- Yu cu HS dng s nguyn t Na giithch.* GV a s nguyn t Mg,N Ca.? HS nhn xt s e ti a lp 1,2,3.-Yu cu HS v s nguyn t Si,Cl,K.2.Ht nhn nguyn t:*Htnhn nguyn t to biproton vntron.- K hiu: + Proton : p (+)+ Ntron : n (khng mang in).- Nguyn t cng loi c cng s p trong htnhn (tc l cng in tch ht nhn).S p = S e.mht nhn~mnguyn t3. Lp electon:* e chuyn ng rt nhanh quanh ht nhnv sp xp thnh tng lp. Mi lp c mts e nht nh.- VD: Cu to nguyn t Oxi.+ Ht nhn nguyn t: c 8 in tch.+ S p:8.+ S e quay quanh ht nhn:8.+ S e ngoi cng: 6* S e ti a : Lp1: 2e.Lp2: 8e.Lp3: 8e.*Kt lun: (Sgk).IV. Cng c:- GV a ra mt s m hnh cu to ri cho HS nhn xt v s e, p, s lp, s e lpngoi cng (bt1).- Nhc li ton b ni dung chnh ca bi hc.V. Dn d :Xem trc ni dung bi nguyn t ho hc v tr li cc cu hi sau: Nguyn t ho hc lg? K hiu ho hc c vit ntn? C bao nhiu NTHH v phn loiLm bi tp 1, 3, 4, 5 (SGK) .VI. Rt kinh nghimGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh12Ngy son : 2/9/ 2011Ngy day. Tun t 5 /9--> 10/9/2011Tit 6 :NGUYN T HA HC (T1)A.MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS bit c nguyn t Ha hc l g, k hiu ho hc cho nguyn t nhth no, ghi nh cc k hiu.+ HS bit c khi lng cc nguyn t c trong v tri t khng ng u, oxil nguyn t ph bin nht.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng vit k hiu ho hc, bit s dng thng tin, t liu phntch, tng hp, gii thch vn .3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.B. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b tranh v (hnh 1.8 trang 19 SGK v bng 1 trang 42), ng nghim cha1ml nc ct.2. HS : Xem li phn NT tit trc.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c. + Nguyn t l g?+ Nu Cu to ht nhn nguyn t?III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Trn nhn hp sa c ghi thnh phn canxi cao, thc ra phi ni trong thnh phn sac nguyn t ho hc canxi. Bi ny gip cc em c mt s hiu bit v nguyn t ho hc.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng 1:Nguyn t ho hc l g?- GV cho HS nhc li khi nim nguyn t.- GV nhc li , ly v d: Nc to bi H v O.- HS c thng tin trong Sgk khng nh : c 1 gam nc c v s nguyn t H v O.- GV nhc li /N.- HS c nh ngha.- GV phn tch: Ht nhn nguyn t to bi p vn. Nhng ch c p l quyt nh. Nhng nguyn tno c cng p th cng 1 nguyn t ho hc.? V sao phi dng k hiu ho hc.- GV gii thch: K hiu ho hc c thng nhttrn ton th gii.?Bng cch no c th biu din k hiu ho hcI.Nguyn t ho hc l g?1. nh ngha:- Nguyn t ho hc l tp hp nhng nguyn tcng loi c cng proton trong ht nhn.- S p l s c trng ca nguyn t ho hc.2.K hiu ho hc :Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh13ca cc nguyn t .- GV hng dn cch vit k hiu ho hc (Dngbng k hiu ca cc nguyn t).- HS vit k hiu ca mt s nguyn t ho hc: 3nguyn t H, 5 nguyn t K,6 nguyn t Mg, 7 nguyn t Fe....? Mi k hiu ho hc ch my nguyn t canguyn t.- Cho 2 HS lm bi tp 3(Sgk trang 20)- GV b sung un nn sai st.Hot ng 2:C bao nhiu nguyn t ho hc?- GV cho HS c thng tin trong Sgk.- HS quan st tranh hnh 1.8.? Nhn xt t l % v KL ca cc ng. t.- GV gii thch :+ Nguyn t ho hc t nhin: C trong v trit, mt tri, mt trng.+ Nguyn t ho hc nhn to:Do con ngi tnghp.- GV cho HS ly cc v d trong thc t chngminh nhn xt ny.*K hiu ho hc biu din ngn gn nguyn tho hc .- Mi nguyn t ho hc dc biu din bng 1hay 2 ch ci. Trong ch ci u c vit dng ch in hoa gi l k hiu ho hc.*V d1:- KHHH ca nguyn t Hyro: H.- KHHH ca nguyn t Oxi l: O.- KHHH ca nguynt Natri l:Na.- KHHH ca nguyn t Canxi l: Ca.*V d2:3H , 5K, 6Mg , 7Fe.* Quy c;Mi k hiu ca nguyn t cn ch 1 nguyn tca nguyn t .III.C bao nhiu nguyn t ho hc?- C 110 nguyn t ho hc.+ 92 nguyn t t nhin.+ Cn li : nguyn t nhn to.- Cc nguyn t t nhin c trong v T rtkhng ng u.- Oxi l nguyn t ph binnht: 49,4%.+ 9 nguyn t chim: 98,6%.+ Nguynt cn li chim: 1,4%.IV. Cng c:- a ra bng hc sinh hon thnh.- Cho cc t tho lun v cho tr li.TnNTKHHHTngshttrongNTSpSnSe34 1215 1618 616 16V. Dn d: Xem trc ni dung phn II v tr li cc cu hi sau: n v cacbon l g?Nguyn t khi l g?Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 4, 5 (SGK)VI. Rt kinh nghimGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh14......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 2/9/ 2011Ngy day. Tun t 12 /9--> 17/9/2011Tit 7 :NGUYN T HA HC (T2)A.MC TIU:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS nguyn t khi l g?+ HS bit c mi n v cacbon bng 1/12 khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon.+ Bit mi nguyn t c nguyn t khi ring bit.+ Bit s dng bng 1 (SGK - trang 42) tm cc nguyn t.2. K nng:+ Bit da vo bng 1 trang 42 tm k hiu v nguyn t khi khi bit tnnguyn t.+ Xc nh c tn v k hiu ca nguyn t khi bit nguyn t khi.+ Rn luyn k nng tnh ton.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.B. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b tranh v bng 1 SGK (T42)2. HS : Xem li phn nguyn t ho hc, lm cc bi tp, hc thuc 20 nguyn t ubngD.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c:HS1: + NTHH l g? S g c trng cho NTHH?+ Vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t sau: Liti, Beri, Cacbon, Nit, Oxi, Magi, Natri,Nhm, Photpho, Lu hunh.HS2: + Tm s proton ca cc nguyn t trn.III. Bi mi:1. t vn : cho cc tr s v khi lng ca nguyn t n gin, d s dng trong khoa hcngi ta dng mt khi nim m hm nay chng ta cng nghin cu.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng 1:Nguyn t khi:- GV cho HS c thng tin v khi lng nguyn t II. Nguyn t khi:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh15Sgk thy c khi lng nguyn t c tnhbng gam th s tr rt nh b.- GV cho hc sinh c thng tin cc VD trong Sgk i n kt lun.*GV: V vy, trong khoa hc dng mt cch ring biu th khi lng ca nguyn t.- GV thng bo NTK ca mt s nguyn t.? Cc gi tr ny c ngha g.- HS tr li: Cho bit s nng nh gia hai cc nguynt .? So snh s nng nh gia nguyn t H v C , O vS.? C nhn xt g v khi lung khi lng tnh bng.v.C ca cc nguyn t.* Hot ng 2:nh ngha:? Vy NTK l g.* GV t vn : Ghi nh sau? Na = 24.v.C ; Al = 27.v.C c biu t nguyn tkhi khng.- HS:C.- GV gii thch : NTK c tnh t ch gn chonguyn t C c khi lng = 12 ch l h s thngb bt ch .v.C.* Hot ng 3:Tra cu bng cc nguyn t.- GV hng dn cho hc sinh cch tra cu bng.- GV nu cc nguyn t hc sinh tm NTK.- Hc sinh tra cu theo 2 chiu:+ Tn nguyn t, tm nguyn t khi.+ Bit nguyn t khi,tm tn v k hiu nguyn t .-GV cho hc sinh lm bi tp 5 ti lp.- NTK c khi lng rt nh b. Nu tnhbng gam th c s tr rt nh.KL 1 nguyn t C = 1,9926.2310g.*Quy c: Ly 1/12 KLNT C lm n vkhi lng nguyn t gi l n v cac bon(vit tt l .v.C).1.v.C = .121Khi lng nguyn t CV d: C = 12 .v.CH = 1 .v.CO = 16 .v.CS = 32 .v.C-KL tnh bng .v.Cch l khi lng tngi gia cc nguyn t NTK.*nh ngha:Nguyn t khi l khi lng ca nguyn ttnh bng .v.C* Vd: Na = 23 , Al = 27 , Fe = 56 ...* Tra cu bng cc nguyn t: (Trang 42).- Mi nguyn t c 1NTK ring bit.- Bit tn nguyn t Tm NTK.- Bit NTK Tm tn v k hiu nguyn t.IV. Cng c:- Cho 2 HS ln lm cc bi 5, 6 ti lp- Cho c lp nhn xt- GV nhn xt, b sung cn thit* GV gi 2 HS ln gii BT 5,6.Bi tp 5: Nguyn t magie:+ Nng hn, bng 2 ln nguyn t ccbon+ Nh hn, bng 3/4 nguyn t lu hunh+ Nh hn, bng 8/9 nguyn t nhmBi tp 6:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh16X =2.14 = 28X thuc nguyn t Silic, SiV. Dn d:Xem trc ni dung phn I v II trong bi n cht v hp cht v tr li cc cu hi sau:n cht l g? Cu to? Hp cht l g? Cu to?Bi tp v nh: 7, 8 (SGK)* BT7: a) 1 vC = 1,9926.10-23/12 = 1,66.10-24 g; b) CVI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 23 / 09/ 2011Tit 8 :N CHT V HP CHT- PHN T (T1)A.MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS hiu c n cht, hp cht l g+ HS phn bit c n cht kim loi v phi kim+ HS bit trong mt mu cht th cc nguyn t khng tch ri m lin kt vinhau hoc sp xp lin st nhau2. K nng:+ Bit s dng thng tin, t liu phn tch, tng hp gii thch vn sdng ngn ng ho hc chnh xc: n cht v hp cht3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mnB. PHNG PHPGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh17- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b tranh v cc m hnh ca: ng kim loi, kh oxi, kh hidro, nc vmui n2. HS : n li tnh cht trong bi 2, xem trc ni dung I, II ca bi n cht v hp cht.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c:+ Vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t sau v cho bit nguyn t khi tng ng: Liti, Beri,Cacbon, Nit, Oxi, Magi, Natri, Nhm, Photpho, Lu hunh.III. Bi mi:1. t vn : Nu nhim v ca tit hc: Tm hiu v n cht, hp cht.2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung* Hot ng 1: n cht:- GV t tnh hung: Ni ln mi lin h giacht, nguyn t, nguyn t ho hc.? Nguyn t ho hc c to nn cht khng.- HS c thng tin trong Sgk.- GV thng bo: Thng tn ca n cht trngvi tn ca nguyn t tr ...? Vy n cht l g.- GV gii thch : C mt s nguyn t to ra 2,3dng n cht ( V d nguyn t Cacbon).- HS quan st tranh v cc m hnh tng trngca than ch, kim cng.- GV t ra tnh hung: Than ci v st c tnhcht khc nhau khng?? Rt ra s khc nhau v tnh dn in, dnnhit ,nh kim ca cc n cht.- GV cho hc sinh th tnh dn in v dn nhitca cc kim loi Fe, Al, Cu.- Hc sinh rt ra nhn xt.? Trong thc t ngi ta dng loi cht no lm cht cch in. (Dng C trong pin).? C kt lun g v n cht.-HS quan st tranh m hnhkimloi Cu v phikim kh H2, kh O2.? So snh m hnh sp xp kim loi ng vioxi, hydro.? Khong cch gia cc nguyn t ng, oxi.Khong cch no gn hn.* Hot ng 2: Hp cht:I. n cht:1. n cht l g?- Kh oxi to nn t nguyn t O.- K.loi Natri to nn t nguyn t Na.- K.loi nhm to nn t nguyn t Al.* Vy kh oxi, kim loi Na, Al gi l n cht.* nh ngha: n cht do 1 nguyn t ho hccu to nn.- n cht kim loi: Dn in, dn nhit, c nhkim.- n cht phi kim: Khng dn in, dn nhit,khng c nh kim.*Kt lun: /c do 1 NTHH cu to nn. Gm 2loi n cht :+ Kim loi.+ Phi kim.2.c im cu to:- n cht KL: Nguyn t sp xp khtnhau vtheo mt trt t xc nh.- n cht PK: Nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theomt s nht nh (Thng l 2).Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh18- HS c thng tin Sgk.? Cc cht: H2O, NaCl, H2SO4...ln lt to nnt nhng NTHH no.- GV thng bo: Nhng cht trn l hp cht.? Theo em cht ntn l hp cht.- GV gii thch v dn VD v HCVC v HCHC.- GV cho hc sinh quan st tranh v m hnhtng trng ca H2O, NaCl(hnh 1.12, 1.13)? Hy quan st v nhn xt c im cu to cahp cht.II.Hp cht:1.Hp cht l g?VD:-Nc: H2O Nguyn t H v O.-M.n: NaCl Nguyn t Na v Cl.-A.sunfuric: H2SO4 Nguyn t H, S v O.* nh ngha: Hp cht l nhng cht to nn t2 NTHH tr ln.- Hp cht gm:+ Hp cht v c:H2O, NaOH, NaCl, H2SO4....+ Hp cht hu c:CH4 (M tan), C12H22O11 (ng),C2H2 (Axetilen), C2H4 (Etilen)....2.c im cu to:- Trong hp cht: Nguyn t lin kt vi nhautheo mt t l v mt th t nht nhIV. Cng c:- Cho 2 HS ln lm 3 (SGK) ti lp- Cho c lp nhn xt- GV nhn xt, b sung cn thitGii:Bi 3:* Cc n cht l: P, Mg v to bi 1 NTHH* Cc hp cht l: kh amoniac, axit clohidric, canxicacbonat, glucz v micht trn u do 2 NTHH to nn.V. Dn d :Xem trc ni dung phn II v IV trong bi n cht v hp cht v tr li cccu hi sau: Phn t l g? Cch tnh phn t khi?Bi tp v nh: 1, 2 (SGK) v 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 (SBT).VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh19Ngy son : 08 / 10/ 2011Tit 9 :N CHT V HP CHT- PHN T (T2)A.MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ Gip HS hiu c phn t l g, so snh c hai khi nim phn t vnguyn t, bit c trng thi ca cht.+ Bit tnh thnh tho phn t khi ca mt cht, so snh nng nh ca cc phnt.+ Cng c hiu k hn cc khi nim c hc.2. K nng:+ Rn k nng tnh ton+ Bit s dng hnh v, thng tin phn tch gii quyt vn .3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.B. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm, luyn tp.....C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b tranh v 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.142. HS : n li I, II ca bi n cht v hp cht, lm cc bi tp.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: HS1: Lm bi tp 1HS2: Lm bi tp 2III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Ta bit c hai loi cht l n cht v hp cht. D l n cht hay hp cht cngu do cc ht nh cu to nn. bit l cc ht g chng ta cng nghin cu bi ny.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung* Hot ng 1:Phn t:- GV treo tranh v 1.11, 1.12, 1.13 Sgk.- HS quan st tranh v m hnh tung trng cc phnt hiro, oxi, nc.? Mu kh hiro v mu kh oxi cc ht phn t ccch sp xp nh th no. Nhn xt.? Tng t, i vi nc, mui n.? Vy cc ht hp thnh ca 1 cht th nh th no.- GV: + Cc ht hp thnh ca mt cht th ng nhtnh nhau v thnh phn v hnh dng v kch thc.+ Mi ht th hin y tnh cht ca cht v idin cho cht v mt ha hc v c gi l phn t.III. Phn t:1.nh ngha:VD: - Kh hiro, oxi : 2 nguyn t cng loilin kt vi nhau.- Nc : 2H lin kt vi 1O.- Mui n: 1Na lin kt vi 1Cl.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh20? Phn t l ht nh th no.- GV gii thch trng hp phn t cc kim loi; phnt l ht hp thnh v c vai tr nh phn t nh Cu,Fe, Al, Zn, Mg....- Cho hc sinh nhc li nh ngha NTK.? Tng t nh vy em hy nu nh ngha PTK.- GV ly v d gii thch.(H2O = 1.2 +16 = 18 vC;CO2 = 12 + 16 . 2 = 44 vC )- T VD trn HS nu cch tnh PTK ca 1 cht.? Tnh PTK cc hp cht sau: O2, Cl2,CaCO3; H2SO4,Fe2(SO4)3....* Hot ng 2:Trng thi ca cht:- GV cho HS quan st tranh 1.14. Nhn xt.- GV thuyt trnh: Mi....phn t .? Tu K nhit v P 1 cht c th tn ti nhngtrng thi no.? So snh s sp xp v chuyn ng ca cc htnguyn t, phn t trng rn,lng, kh.? Trong trng thi no khong cch no ln nht.- HS nu kt lun.- Gi 3 HS c phn kt ghi nh.* nh ngha: Phn t l ht i din chocht, gm mt s nguyn t lin kt vi nhauv th hin y tnh cht ho hc ca cht.2.Phn t khi:* nh ngha: (skg)VD:O2 = 2.16 = 32 vC ; Cl2 = 71 vC.CaCO3 = 100 vC; H2SO4 = 98 vC.IV.Trng thi ca cht:- Mi mu cht l mt tp hp v cng lnnhng ht nguyn t hay phn t .- Tu iu kin m cht c th 3 trng thi:rn, lng, kh. trng thi kh cc ht cch xanhau.*Kt lun: ( Sgk )IV. Cng c:* Cho HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi:+ Phn t l gi?+ Phn t khi l g?+ Khong cch cc cht cc th rn, lng, kh nh th no?* Cho HS lm bi tp 6* GV nhn xt, b sung cn thitGii:Bi tp 6: CO2 = 44, CH4 = 16, HNO3 = 63, KMnO4 = 158V. Dn d:Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh 2, n nh ch ngi trong PTN vo tit thc hnh sauv tr li cc cu hi sau: Chuyn ng ca cht rn, lng, kh ntn?Bi tp v nh: 4, 5, 7, 8 (SGK) .VI. Rt kinh nghim....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh21..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 10 / 10/ 2011Tit 10:BI THC HNH 2: S LAN TO CA CHTA.MC TIU BI HC:1. Kin thc:+ HS nhn bit c phn t l ht hp thnh ca hp cht v phi kim.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng s dng mt s dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn, nghim tc trong khi lm th nghim.B. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm, thc hnh.....C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:1. GV : Chun b 4 b dng c th nghim: Kp, a thu tinh, cc thu tinh, ng nghim,gi ng nghim, nt cao su; ho cht: Dung dch amoniac c, tinh th KMnO4, giy qu tm, tinth it, h tinh bt2. HS : Xem trc ni dung bi thc hnh, n nh ch ngi PTHD.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: khng kim traIII. Bi mi:1. t vn :Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh22S lan to ca cht lng, rn, kh khc nhau ntn th hm nay chng ta cng lm thnghim nghin cu.2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng1:- GV lm th nghim chng minh s lan to caKMnO4.* GV hng dn :- Cho KMnO4t t vo cc nc.- Ly thuc tm vo t giy gp i.- Kh p nh tay vo t giy thuc tm .* GV gii thch: Trong nc KMnO4 phn ly thnhion K+ v MnO4-.Ta coi c nhm 2 ion l phn tthuc tm chuyn ng.Lm th nghim v s lan to amonic.* GV hng dn:1.Th nghim 1:- HS quan st thao tc ca GV .+ Cc 1: Cho KMnO4 vo quy u.+ Cc 2: Ly KMnO4vo giy gp i.- Cho KMnO4t t vo nc.* Yu cu: Quan st hin tng s chuynng ca cc phn t KMnO4.* Nhn xt: S i mu ca nc nhngch c KMnO4.- So snh mu nc hai cc 1 v 2.* Hot ng2:Lm th nghim v s lan to amonic.* GV hng dn:1. Dng ng ht nh dd NH4OH ln mu giy qutm.2. B 1 mu qu tm tm nc vo gn y ngnghim. Ly nt c dnh bng c tm dd NH4OH ,y ng nghim.- Quan st s i mu ca qu tm.* Hot ng 3:* GV hng dn hc sinh lm bn tng trnh thnghim.2.Th nghim 2:- HS thao tc theo hng dn.* Yu cu:Quan st s i mu ca qu tm.* Nhn xt:Giy qu tm tm nc i sang mu xanh.- So snh s i mu qu tm 1 v 2.3.Hc sinh lm tng trnh:- HS ghi li qu trnh lm th nghim.- Hin tng quan st c.- Nhn xt, kt lun v gii thch.IV. Cng c: Kim tra v sinh ca HSV. Dn d:Hon thnh ni dung thc hnh, xem trc ni dung bi luyn tp (n li ni dung ccbi hc) v tr li cc cu hi sau: Nguyn t l g? Phn t l g? Cc kin thc lin quann nguyn t khi v phn t khi....VI. Rt kinh nghim..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh23....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 12/9/2012Ngy dy: Tun 6 t ngy 17/9/22/9/2012 ; bt u dy lp 8a chiu th 6(dy b) ngy 21/9Tit 11 : BI LUYN TP 1A. MC TIU :1. Kin thc:+ H thng ho kin thc v cc khi nim c bn: cht, n cht, hp cht,nguyn t, nguyn t ho hc, phn t.+ Cng c: phn t l ht hp thnh ca hu ht cc cht v nguyn t l ht hpthnh ca n cht kim loi.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng phn bit cht v vt th, tch cht ra khi hn hp, theo s nguyn t ch ra cc thnh phn cu to nn nguyn t, da vo bng nguyn t khi tmnguyn t khi, phn t khi v ngc li3. Gio dc: Phi c hng th say m hc tp, nghin cu.B. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st ,hot ng nhm, luyn tpC. CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : S trang 29 (SGK), bng ph ghi bi tp* HS : n li cc khi nim hc.D. TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c:III. Bi mi:1. t vn : h thng li cc kin thc hc hm nay chng ta cng tin hnh luyntp.2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*. Hot ng 1:Kin thc cn nh:- GV cho HS nhc li cc kin thc hc(Vtth, cht, nguyn t, phn t).- GV a s cm , hc sinh ln bng in cct- cm t thch hp vo trng.Vt th(T nhin, nhn to)(To nn t NTHH)I. Kin thc cn nh:1. S v mi quan h gia cckhi nim:Vt th (t nhin v nhn to)Cht (to nn t nguyn t ho hc)n cht Hp chtTo nn t 1 Nt To nn t 2 Nt|Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh24(To nn t 1 NTHH) (To nn t 2 NTHH trln)(Ht hp thnh cc l (Ht hp thnh cclng. t hay phn t) phn t)* GV nhn xt, b sung v tng kt cc khi nimtrn.- GV t chc cho HS tr chi ch khc succ khi nim hc.- GV chia lp theo nhm, ph bin lut chi- choim theo nhm bng vic tr li cu hi.*Cu 1: (8 ch ci) Ht v cng nh, trung ho vin.*Cu 2: ( 6 ch ci) Gm nhiu cht trn ln vinhau.*Cu 3: (7 ch ci) Khi lng phn t tp trunghu ht phn ny.*Cu4: (8 ch ci) Ht cu to nn nguyn t,mang gi tr in tch m.*Cu 5: (6 ch ci) Ht cu to nn ht nhnnguyn t, mang gi tr in tch dng.*Cu6: (8 ch ci) Ch tp trung nhng nguyn tcng loi( c cng s proton trong ht nhn).- Cc ch ci gm: ,H, ,N, P, T.Nu hc sinh khng tr li c th c 1 gi - GV tng kt, nhn xt.* Hot ng 2:Bi tp:- GV a 1s bi tp ln bng ph, hng dn HScch lm.*Bi tp 1: Phn t mt hp cht gm 1 nguyn tnguyn t X lin kt vi 4 nguyn t hiro, vnng bng nguyn t oxi.a, Tnh NTK ca X,cho bit tn v KHHH canguyn t X.b, Tnh % v khi lng ca nguyn t X tronghp cht.- GV hng dn: a,+ Vit CT hp cht. Bit NTKca oxi X.b, Bit KLNT C trong phn t, tm % C.b, +T PTK ca hp cht tm c NTK ca X.+ Tm X.Kloi Pkim HC V c HC HCVD:2. Tng kt v cht, nguyn t vphn t:a)b) Nguyn t gm ht nhn v v...Nguyn t cng s p gi l nguyn t hohc. Nguyn t khi l khi lng nguynt tnh bng vCc) Phn t ...N g u y e n t Uh o n o ph a t n h a ne l e c t r o np r o t o nn g u y e n t oT cha kho l : PHN TII. Bi tp:* BT 1,2 trang 30-31 HS tr li ngay.* BT1: Gii:a, KLNT oxi l: 16 vC.- Gi hp cht l: XH4.Ta c: XH4 = 16 vC.X + 4.1 = 16 vC.X = 16 -4 = 12 vC.Vy X l Cac bon, k hiu: C.b, CTHH ca hp cht l CH4.KLPT CH4 = 12 + 4.1 = 16 vC.KL nguyn t C = 12 vC.Vy:% C = %. 75 % 100 .1612=Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh25* BT2:( trang 31)Gii:a, Gi CTPT hp cht l: X2O.Bit H2 = 2 vC, m X2O nng hnphn t Hiro 31 ln, nn: X2O = 2.31=62 vC.b, X2O = 2.X + 16 = 62 vC.X = . 23216 62dvC =Vy X l Natri, k hiu: Na.IV. Cng c:Cho hc sinh nhc li 1 ln na cc khi nim quan trng.V.Dn d:Xem trc bi ni dung ca bi 9 v tr li cc cu hi : cng thc ho hc dng lm g? ngha ca cng thc ho hc?Bi tp v nh: 5 (SGK).VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 20/9/2012Ngy dy : tun th 7 t ngy 24/9--> 29/9/2012Bt u dy lp : 8AB th 5 ngy 27/9/2012Tit 12 : CNG THC HO HCA.MC TIU :I. Chun kin thc k nng1. Kin thc:+ Bit c CTHH dng biu din cht, gm mt hay 2, 3... k hiu ho hcvi cc ch s ghi chn mi k hiu (khi ch s l 1 th khng ghi).+ Bit cch ghi CTHH khi cho bit k hiu hay tn nguyn t v s nguyn tmi nguyn t c trong phn t.+ Bit c mi CTHH u cn ch 1 phn t ca cht. T CTHH xc nhnhng nguyn t to ra cht, s nguyn t mi nguyn t v phn t khi.2. K nng:+ Rn luyn k nng tnh ton (tnh phn t khi). S dng chnh xc ngn ngho hc khi nu ngha CTHH.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh26II. Kin thc nng cao, m rng- Vit , c cng thc ho hcB. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : Tranh v cc m hnh tng trng ca ng, kh hidro, nc, mui n.* HS : n li cc khi nim n cht, hp cht, phn t.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:+ n cht l g? Cho v d?+ Hp cht l g? Cho v d?III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Cc em bit ngi ta dng KHHH biu din NTHH. Th cn cht th biu din bngcch no?2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng1:Cng thc ho hc ca n cht:-GV treo tranh v m hnh tng trng mt mu ng, khoxi, kh hydro.-Yu cu hc sinh nhn xt s nguyn t c trong 1 phnt mi mu n cht trn.?Ht hp thnh ca n cht l g? n cht c to nnt my nguyn t ho hc?-HS: Ht hp thnh n cht l nguyn t hoc phn t.n cht do 1 nguyn t ho hc to nn (Mu n chtkim loi ng, n cht oxi).? C n cht no m ht hp thnh l phn t khng?(Phikim l cht kh).-Hy vit cng thc ho hc ca n cht phi kim.-HS vit cng thc chung ca n cht(Au..).*Hot ng2: Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht:- GV treo tranh m hnh mu nc, kh cacbonic, mui n.- HS phn tch ht hp thnh ca cc cht ny.- HS suy ra cch vit cng thc ho hc ca hp cht tcng thc chung ca n cht.- HS nu A,B,C,x,y,z..biu din g?- GV lu : Ch s l 1 th khng ghi.- HS vit cng thc ho hc ca cc mu trn.* GV cho hc sinh lm bi tp bng ph.(Phn cngthc ho hc ca hp cht).- i din nhm lm, nhm khc nhn xt. Cch c tn.I.Cng thc ho hc ca n cht:1.n cht kim loi:Ht hp thnh l nguyn t: K hiu hohc c coi l cng thc ho hc.V d: Cu, Na, Zn, Fe.2.n cht phi kim:-Ht hp thnh l nguyn t : K hiu hohc l cng thc ho hc.V d:C, P, S.-Ht hp thnh l phn t (Thng l 2):Thm ch s chn k hiu.V d:O2, H2, N2.II.Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht:- Cng thc ho hc ca hp chtgm khiu ca nhng nguyn t to ra cht, kmtheo ch s chn.Tng qut: Ax B yAx B yCzV d: H2O, CO2, NaCl.*Lu : CaCO3 th CO3 l nhm nguynt.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh27* Hot ng 3: ngha ca cng thc ho hc:-GV t vn : Cc cng thc ho hc trn cho ta bit g.-HS tho lun nhm ri ghi vo giy tr li.-GV tng hp li.*GV lu cch vit :+K hiu: 2Cl v Cl2.+Ch s: CO2.+H s: 2H2O, 3H2.III. ngha ca cng thc ho hc:*Mi cng thc ho hc ch 1 phn t cacht cho bit:-Nguyn t no to ra cht.-S nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong 1phn t cht.-Phn t khi ca cht.IV. Cng c: (15 ph) Yu cu HS nhc li cc ni dung chnh ca bi:+ Cng thc chung ca n cht, hp cht+ ngha ca CTHHCho HS hon thnh bi tp in bng sau:V. Dn d:Xem trc bi ni dung ca bi ho tr v tr li cc cu hi : Ho tr ca 1 nguyn t cxc nh ntn? Quy tc xc nh ho tr v cch tnh ho tr ca nguyn t?Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK).VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Cng thc ho hc S Nt ca mi Nt Phn t khi ca chtSO3CaCl22Na, 1S, 3O1Ag, 1N, 3OGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh28Ngy son : 23 / 10/ 2010Ngy dy: 26/10/2010Tit 13 : HO TR (T1)A.MC TIU :I. Chun kin thc k nng1. Kin thc:+ HS bit c ho tr l g, cch xc nh ho tr ca 1 nguyn t ho hc v 1 snhm nguyn t thng gp+ Bit cch tnh ho tr v lp cng thc hc2. K nng:+ C k nng lp cng thc ca hp cht 2 nguyn t, tnh ho tr ca nguyn ttrong hp cht.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.II. Kin thc nng cao, m rng- Hc thuc ho tr, vn dng quy tc ho trB. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : + Tranh v bng 1 trang 42 SGK+ Bng ghi ho tr mt s nhm nguyn t trang 43 SGK* HS : c trc cc ni dung giao v nh trong bi ho tr.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:+ Bt 3 (SGK)+ Bt 4 (SGK)III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Ta c th biu din hp cht ny, hp cht khc vi t l s nguyn t kt hp khc nhau.Th c s no lm c iu ? bit v sao cc em cng hc bi ho tr.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng 1:Ho tr mt nguyn t c xc nhnh th no?* GV t vn : Mun so snh kh nng lin ktphi chn mc so snh.- GV: Cho bit s p v n trong ht nhn nguyn tHidro?I. Ho tr mt nguyn t c xc nh nh thno?* Cch xc nh:+ Quy c: Gn cho H ho tr I , chn lm nv.+ Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t khc lin kt viGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh29- HS: C 1p v 1n nn kh nng lin kt ca hiro lnh nht nn chn lm n v v gn cho H ho tr I.- HS c thng tin Sgk.- GV: Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t khc lin ktc vi bao nhiu nguyn t hiro th ni nguynt c ho tr bng by nhiu.- HS cho v d phn tch: HCl, H2O, NH3, CH4.Davo u tnh ho tr ca:Cl,O, N, C.?Vi hp cht khng c hydro, th xc nh ho trnh th no.- HS c thng tin sgk.- HS phn tch v d: K2O, BaO, SO2.?Xc nh ho tr nhm nguyn t nh th no.V d: HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2O (HOH).- GV hng dn HS tra bng ho tr.- HS lm bi tp. 2(sgk).(KH: K c ho tr I.H2S:S ...............II.FeO: Fe ..........III.Ag2O: Ag ........ ISiO2: Si .. IV)- HS c phn kt lun(SGK).- Lu : Nguyn t c nhiu ho tr.*Hot ng 2:Quy tc ho tr:- GV phn tch v d dn dt: t du bng:H2O: 2.I = 1.IISO2: 1.IV = 2.II- Rt ra cng thc tng qut.- HS c quy tc.- GVphntichs v dv nhmnguynt:H2CO3: 2.I = 1.IICa(OH)2: 1.II = 2.I- GV hng dn HS lm bi tp 4 (sgk).FeSO4: 1.a = 1.II a = IIbao nhiu nguyn t Hiro th ni nguyn t c ho tr bng by nhiu.V du : HCl: Cl ho tr I.H2O:O............IINH3:N ...........IIICH4: C ............IV+Da vo kh nng lin kt ca cc nguyn tkhc vi O.(Ho tr ca oxi bng 2 n v , Oxic ho tr II).V d: K2O: K c ho tr I.BaO: Ba ..............II.SO2: S ..................IV.-Ho tr ca nhm nguyn t:V d: HNO3: NO3c ho tr I.V :Lin kt vi 1 nguyn t H.H2SO4: SO4 c ho tr II.HOH : OH .................IH3PO4: PO4................III.* Ktlun:Coinhm nguyn t nh mtnguyn t bt k.* Kt lun: (Sgk).II. Quy tc ho tr:1.Quy tc:*CTTQ: AxBy ax = by*Quy tc: (sgk)x,y,a,b l s nguyn-Quy tc ny ng cho c B l nhm nguyn t.2.Vn dng:a.Tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t:ZnCl2: 1.a= 2.I a= IIAlCl3: 1.a= 3.I a = IIICuCl2: 1.a = 2.I a= IIIV. Cng c:Yu cu HS nhc li cc ni dung chnh ca bi:+ Ho tr, ho tr ca H v O?+ Quy tc ho tr* Cho HS lm bi tp: Xc nh ho tr ca nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t trong cccng thc sau: H2SO4, N2O5, MnO2, PH3, MgO theo quy tc ho tr, bit ho tr H l I, O l IIGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh30Gii:H2SO4: S ht VI, SO4 ht II; N2O5: N ht V; MnO2: Mn ht IV, PH3: P ht III, MgO: Mg ht IIV. Dn d:n li cc khi nim hc, xem trc bi ni dung ca phn II. 2 bi ho tr v tr li cccu hi : T cng thca bx y A B=> xy = ?Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 4 (SGK).VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 25/10/ 2010Ngy dy: 27/10/2010Tit 14 : HO TR (T2)A.MC TIU :I. Chun kin thc k nng1. Kin thc:+ Bit cch tnh ho tr v lp cng thc hc.+ Tip tc cng c v CTHH.2. K nng:+ C k nng lp cng thc ca hp cht 2 nguyn t, tnh ho tr ca nguyn ttrong hp cht.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.II. Kin thc nng cao, m rng- Tnh ho tr ,lp cng thc ho hcB. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st hot ng nhm......Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh31C.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : + Tranh v bng 1 trang 42 SGK.+ Bng ghi ho tr mt s nhm nguyn t trang 43 SGK.* HS : c trc cc ni dung giao v nh trong phn cn li ca bi ho tr.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: - Gi HS ln bng kim tra:HS1: Ho tr l g? Nu quy tc ho tr. Vit biu thc v cho vd c th.HS2: Bt 4 (SGK).HS3: Bt 10.5 (SBT).Gii:BT4: a) ZnCl2: Zn ht II, CuCl2: Cu ht II, AlCl3: Al ht III.b) FeSO4: Fe ht IIBT10.5: Ba: II, Fe: III, Cu: II, Li: IIII. Bi mi:1. t vn :Hm trc chng ta c cch tnh ho tr mt nguyn t khi bit CTHH, vy nu bit hotr ri th lp CTHH bng cch no? Bi hm nay chng ta s nghin cu.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung1.Hot ng 1:Tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t:- HS vit cng thc tng qut.- HS vn dng cng thc tng qut gii:a.x= b.y- Tng t: Tnh ho tr cc nguyn t trong cc hp chtsau: FeCl2, MgCl2, CaCO3, Na2CO3, P2O5.- GV hng dn HS lm bi tp 1,2, HS da vo Cl tnh ho tr cc nguyn t trong hp cht 3, 4, 5.- HS rt ra nhn xt v p dng quy tc lm bi tp.- Xc nh ho tr cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau:K2S, MgS, Cr2S3.2.Hot ng 2:- GV cho HS lm bi tp Sgk (V d 1).- GV hng dn HS chuyn cng thc tng qut thnhdng t l:a.x = b.y abyx=(x, y l s nguyn n gin nht).- GV hng dn HS cch tnh x,y da vo BSCNN.- GV hng dn lp cng thc ho hc v d 2.* Lu : Nhm nguyn t cng thc l 1 th b dungoc n.* HS c bi.P (III) v H.1.Tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t:* V d: Tnh ho tr ca Al trong cc hpcht sau: AlCl3 (Cl c ho tr I).- Gi ho tr ca nhm l a: 1.a = 3.IFeCl : a = IIMgCl 2: a = IICaCO3 : a = II (CO3 = II).Na2SO3 : a = IP2O5 :2.a = 5.II a = V.* Nhn xt:a.x = b.y = BSCNN.2.Lp cng thc ho hc ca hp cht theoho tr:* VD1: CTTQ: SxOyTheo quy tc: x . VI = y. II = 6.31= =IIIIIyxVy : x = 1; y = 3.CTHH: SO3* VD2 : Nax (SO4)yGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh32C (IV) v S (II).Fe (III) v O.- Gi 3 HS ln bng lm bi tp.- HS tip tc lm bi tp 5 (phn 2).*Bi tp 10.7 (Sbt).Lp cng thc ho hc ca nhng hp cht to bi 1nguyn t v nhm nguyn t sau:Ba v nhm OHCu.............. ..NO3Al ............... NO3Na................PO4Ca................CO3Mg...............Cl12= =IIIyx.CTHH : Na2SO4.* Bi luyn tp 5:PxHy : PH3.CxSy: = =21IVIIyxCS2.FexOy: = =32IIIIIyxFe2O3.* Cng thc ho hc nh sau:Ba(OH)2.CuNO3.Al(NO)3.Na3PO4.CaCO3.MgCl2.IV. Cng c: (10 ph) Yu cu HS nhc li cc bc lp mt CTHH khi bit ho tr* Cho HS lm bi tp theo nhm v np li 1 s bi chm ly im: Hy chobit cc cng thc sau ng hay sai? Nu sai hy sa li cho ng.a) K(SO4)2, CuO3, Na2O, FeCl3b) Ag2NO3, SO2, Al(NO3)2, Zn(OH)2, Ba2OH.Gii:Cc cng thc sai v sa li: a) K2SO4, CuOb) AgNO3, Al(NO3)3, Ba(OH)2* Nu cn thi gian th cho HS chi tr chi: ai lp CTHH nhanh nht:GV ph bin lut chi:+ Mi nhm c pht mt b ba (c ghi cc KHHH ca nguyn t hay nhm nguynt) c bng dn mt sau.+ Cc nhm tho lun 4 ph ln lt dn ln bng cc CTHH tho lun, GV nhnxt cho im cc nhm.V. Dn d:Cc hc sinh cui bui hc: n li cc khi nim hc, lm cc bi tp, ghi nh cc quy tcv cch lp CTHH, xem li cc ni dung: biu din CTHH, ho tr, cch lp CTHH tin hnhluyn tp.Ra bi tp v nh: 7, 8 (SGK), 10.7, 10.8 (SBT)VI. Rt kinh nghim..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh33....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 6/ 10/ 2011Ngy dy: 10/10/8DB;11/10 8C;14/10 /2011 8ATit 15: BI LUYN TP 2A.MC TIU :I. Chun kin thc k nng1. Kin thc:+ HS c n tp cng c v cng thc ca n cht, hp cht; cng c ccch ghi, cch lp CTHH, cch tnh phn t khi ca cht, ngha CTHH, khi nim v ho trv quy tc ho tr.2. K nng:+ Tnh ho tr ca nguyn t, bit ng sai, cng nh lp c CTHH ca hpcht khi bit ho tr, k nng lm bi tp, vit cng thc.3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp b mn.II. Kin thc nng cao, m rng- Lp cng thc ho hc, tnh ho trB. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st ,hot ng nhm, luyn tpC.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV : + Phiu hc tp v bng ph.* HS : + Xem li cc ni dung dn d tit hc trc.D.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c:III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Nhm cng c v n tp li cc ni dung hc chun b cho bi kim tra 1 tit sp ti,hm nay chng ta tin hnh luyn tp cc ni dung hc.2.Pht trin bi:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh34Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung*Hot ng 1:Cc kin thc cn nh:- HS nhc li cc kin thc cn nh v cngthc ho hc ca n cht v hp cht.? HS nhc li khi nim ho tr.- GV khai trin cng thc tng qut ca hotr.? Biu thc quy tc ho tr.- GV a ra VD, hng dn HS cch lm.- GV hng dn HS cch lp cng thc hohc khi bit ho tr.- HS: Lp cng thc ho hc ca:+ S(IV) v O.+ Al (III) v Cl (I).+ Al (III) v SO4 (II).*Hot ng 2:* GV a ra mt s bi tp vn dng nhngkin thc hc.+ BT1: Mt hp cht phn t gm 2 nguynt nguyn t X lin kt vi 3 nguyn t O vc PTK l 160 vC. X l nguyn t no sauy.a. Ca. b. Fe. c. Cu. d. Ba.+ BT2: Bit P(V) hy chn CTHH ph hpI. Cc kin thc cn nh:1. Cng htc ho hc:* n cht: A (KL v mt vi PK)Ax(Phn ln /c phi kim, x = 2)* Hp cht: AxBy, AxByCz...Mi cng thc ho hc ch 1 phn t cacht (tr /c A).2. Ho tr:* Ho tr l con s biu th kh nng lin ktca nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t.by B Aa- A, B : nguyn t , nhm n.t.- x, y : ho tr ca A, B. x. a = y. ba. Tnh ho tr cha bit:VD: PH3 , FeO , Al(OH)3 , Fe2(SO4)3 .* PH3: Gi a l ho tr ca P.PH3 1. a = 3. 1 a = III =11 . 3.* Fe2(SO4)3 : Gi a l ho tr ca Fe.Fe2(SO4)3 IIIIIa = =2. 3.* VD khc : Tng t.b. Lp cng thc ho hc:* Lu : - Khi a = b x = 1 ; y = 1.- Khi a = b x = b ; y = a. a, b, x, y l nhng s nguyn n ginnht.b.Lp cng thc ho hc:- HS lp:SO2AlCl3Fe2(SO4)3II. Vn dng:+ HS:II aO X3 2 2. X + 3. 16 = 160.X = . 562 48 160=X = 56 vC. Vy X l Fe Phng n : d.+ HS: yII Vx O P x. V = y. IIGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh35vi quy tc ho tr trong s cc cng thc chosau y.a. P4O4 . b. P4O10 . c. P2O5 . d. P2O3 .+ BT3: Cho bit CTHH hp cht ca nguynt X vi O v hp cht ca nguyn t Y viH nh sau: XO , YH3 .Hy chn CTHH ph hp cho hp cht ca Xvi Y trong s cc CT cho sau y:a. XY3 b. X3Yc. X2Y3 d. X3Y2 e. XY+ BT4: Tnh PTK ca cc cht sau:Li2O, KNO3 (Bit Li=7,O = 16,K=39,N =14)+ BT5: Bit s proton ca cc nguyn t :C l 6, Na l 11.Cho bit s e trong nguyn t, s lp e v se lp ngoi cng ca mi nguyn t?52= =VIIyx.x = 2; y = 5 Phng n : c+ HS:II aO X .1. 1IIIIa = = X h.trII.3I aH Y IIIIa = =1. 3Y h. trIIIVy CTHH ca X v Y l : X3Y2 Phng n : d+ HS: Li2O = 2. 7 + 16 = 25 vC.KNO3 = 39 + 14 + 3. 16 = 101 vC.+ HS: - Nguyn t C c : 6 e trong nguynt, 2 lp e v 6 e lp ngoi cng.- Nguyn t Na c : 11 e trong nguynt, 3 lp e v 1 e lp ngoi cng.IV. Cng c:- Cch lm bi tp: Lp cng thc ho hc, tnh ho tr ca mt nguyn t cha bit.- Cho HS chp bi ca ho trV. Dn d:- Hc thuc ho tr cc nguyn t c trong bng Sgk.(Bng trang 42).- Bi tp v nh: 2, 3, 4 (Sgk).- Lm cc bi tp trong SBT.- n tp chun b cho gi sau kim tra vit 45 pht.VI. Rt kinh nghim......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 7/10/2011Ngy dy: 11/108B;12/10 8CD;14/10/2011 8ATit 16 KIM TRA 1 TITGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh36A.MC TIU :I. Chun kin thc k nng1. Kin thc: nh gi kim tra hc sinh qua cc ni dung hc trong chngtrnh.2. K nng: Rn k nng c lp trong kim tra, t duy logic ti hin.3. Gio dc: thc nghim tc trong thi c.II. Kin thc nng cao, m rngB. PHNG PHP- Trc nghim, t lunC.CHUN B CA GV- HS:* GV: kim tra.* HS: Hc nhng ni dung c luyn tp.C.TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh t chc:II. Kim tra bi c: khng kim tra.III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Nhm cng c v n tp li cc ni dung hc. Hm nay chng ta lm bi 1 tit.2.Pht trin bi:GV pht .Hs lm bi c lp.I. Trc nghim: (4 ) Em hy khoanh trn vo p n ng.1. Nguyn t c cu to bi:A. Proton mang in tch dng v v mang in tch m.B. Ht nhn mang in tch dng v lp v to bi mt hay nhiu electron mang in tch m.C. Proton v ntron.D. Ht ntron mang in tch dng, ht proton khng mang in, cc e mang in tch m.2. Nguyn t oxi c 8 electron. Nguyn t oxi c:A. 8p; 2 lp e; 6 e lp ngoi cng. B. 8p; 3 lp e; 6 e lp ngoi cng.C. 8p; 2 lp e; 7 e lp ngoi cng. D. 9p; 2 lp e; 6 e lp ngoi cng.3. Cho cc cht c cng thc ha hc sau: H2, Zn, ZnO, CuS. C bao nhiu cht l n cht.A. Mt cht. B. Hai cht. C. Ba cht. D. Bn cht.4. Nguyn t st (Fe) nng gp bao nhiu ln nguyn t silic (Si)?A. Mt ln. B. Hai ln. C. Ba ln. D. Bn ln.5. Bit oxi c ha tr II, ha tr ca nguyn t C trong CO2 bng:A. II B. III C. IV D. V6. Bit Na (I), O (II). Cng thc ha hc ca hp cht c to bi nguyn t Na vi O l:A. NaO B. Na2O C. Na2O3 D. NaO2Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh377. Mt hp cht phn t gm mt nguyn t nguyn t X lin kt vi hai nguyn t oxi vnng gp 11,5 ln nguyn t Heli (He). X l:A. Nit B. Cacbon C. Lu hunh D. Mangan8. Cng thc ha hc ca nc, kh oxi, kh hiro ln lt l:A. H2O, O2, H2 B. H2O2, O2, H2 C. H2O, O3, H2 D. H2O, O2, HII. T lun: (6 )Cu 1: (1,5 ) Nu ngha ca nhng cht c cng thc ha hc sau:a. Km clorua (ZnCl2) b. Bc nitrat (AgNO3) c. Natri cacbonat (Na2CO3)Cu 2: (3 ) Tnh ho tr ca cc nguyn t: Mn, Fe, Ba, Zn trong cc CTHH di y. BitOxi(II); (SO4) (II); (OH) (I); (NO3) (I).a. Mn2O7 b. Fe2(SO4)3 c. Ba(OH)2 d. Zn(NO3)2Cu 3: (1,5 ) Cho bit cng thc ha hc to bi X v Oxi l X2O v Y vi H l YH2. Tm cngthc to bi nguyn t X vi Y.P N + THANG IMA. TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN(4 ). (0,5 x 8 = 4)Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8p n B A B B C B A AB. PHN T LUN (6).Cu 1:(0,5 x 3 = 1,5) Nu ng ngha( S nguyn t; S nguyn t; Phn t khi) mi chtc 0,5 im.Cu 2: (0,75 x 4 = 3).a. Mn(VII). b. Fe(III). c. Ba(II). d. Zn(II).Cu 3: (1,5)X2O => X(I). YH2 => Y(II).=> XaYb X2YIV. CNG C: thu bi kim traV. DN D: Chun b trc bi 12: S bin i cht.VI. Rt kinh nghim I IIGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh38......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 1 / 10/ 2011Ngy dy: 17/10 8DB; 18/10 8C; 21/10 8A /2011CHNG II: PHN NG HO HCTit 17 S BIN I CHTA MC TIU:I. Chun kin thc k nng1. Kin thc:- Phn bit c hin tng vt l, hin tng ho hc- Bit phn bit c cc hin tng xung quanh l hin tng vt l hay hin tng ho hc.2. K nng:- C k nng quan st thc hnh th nghim.3. Gio dc Nhn thc ng n trong nghin cu cc s vt hin tng.II. Kin thc nng cao, m rng- Phn bit hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hcB. PHNG PHP- Ging gii, hi p, quan st ,hot ng nhmC. CHUN B* GV: Ho cht: nc, mui, ng, bt st, bt lu hunh.Dng c: n cn, nam chm, kp,gi th nhgim,ng nghim, cc thu tinh.* HS: Chun b k trc bi hc.D - TIN TRNH LN LP: I. n nh II. Kim tra bi c: III. Bi mi:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh391. t vn : bit xem cht c th xy ra nhng bin i g, thuc loi bin i no!chng ta nghin cu bi hc hm nay.2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung*.Hot ng 1:*GV hng dn HS quan st hnh 2.1Sgk.? Hnh v ni ln iu g.- HS quan st v m t hin tng.? Lm th no nc lng thnh nc .? Lm th no nc lng thnh hi nc.? hin tng ny c s bin i v chtkhng.* GV lm th nghim pha long v un dungdch mui n.? hin tng ny c sinh ra cht mi khng.- HS nhn xt: Khi c cn dung dch mui nthu c nhng ht mui n c v mn.? Qua 2 hin tng trn, em c nhn xt g.? Cht c b bin i khng.- HS: Cht b bin i v trng thi m khngb bin i v cht(Vn gi nguyn l chtban u) GV kt lun: S bin i cht nh ththuc loi hin tng vt l.? Hy cho 1 vi v d v hin tng vt l.(V d:Thu tinh nung nng b un cong).? Vy th no l hin tng vt l.* Hot ng 2:* Th nghim 1: GV cho HS quan st musc ca S v Fe, nhn xt.Sau GV trn mt lng bt Fe v bt Sva (HS quan st mu, n.xt). Chia lm 2phn:+ Phn1: HS dng nam chm ht v nhnxt.? C s no tch ring Fe ra khi hn hp.+ Phn 2: GV lm th nghim: Nung hn hpbt Fe, S.? HS quan st, nhn xt s thay i mu scca hn hp.? GV a nam chm ti phn SP. HS nh. xt.? So snh cht to thnh so vi cht ban u? TN trn c sinh ra cht mi khng.* Th nghim 2:- GV hng dn HS lm th nghim:Ly ng vo 2 ng nghim:I. Hin tng vt l:1. Hin tng 1:Nc Nc lng Hi nc.(R) (L) (H)2. Hin tng 2:Mui n + O H2D.dch mui 0tM.n.(R) (L) (R)*Kt lun: Nc v mui n vn gi nguyncht ban u. Gi l hin tng vt l.* nh ngha: Sgk.II. Hin tng ho hc:* Th ngim 1:* Trn hhn hp bt Fe v S. Chia lm 2 phn:+ Phn 1:Dng nam chm ht: St b ht v vn ginguyn trong hn hp (C Fe v S).+ Phn 2:un hn hp bt Fe, S: To thnh cht mikhng b nam chm ht. l FeS (St IIsunfua).* Th nghim 2:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh40+ ng 1: nguyn (Dng so snh)+ ng 2: un nng.? Rt ra nhn xt hin tng xy ra ngnghim 2.- HS: ng chuyn thnh mu en v cnhng git nc ng thnh ng nghim.? Em c nhn xt g v hin tng trn.? TN trn c sinh ra cht mi khng.? TN trn c sinh ra cht mi khng.* GV thng bo: S bin i cht 2 TN trnthuc loi hin tng ho hc.? Vy em hy cho bit hin tng ho hc lg?? Du hiu chnh phn bit HTHH vHTVL l g.* Cho ng vo 2 ng nghim :+ ng nghim 1: nguyn.+ ng nghim 2: un nng. ng chuyn thnh mu en, xut hinnhng git nc trn thnh ng nghim.* Nhn xt: ng b phn hu thnh than vnc.* Kt lun: ng, st, lu hunh bin ithnh cht khc nn gi l hin tng ho hc.* nh ngha: Sgk.* Du hiu phn bit: C cht mi sinh ra haykhng.IV. Cng c:- Da vo du hiu no nhn bit hin tng vt l hay hin tng ho hc?- Hs lm bi tp 2 sgkV. Dn d: - Hc bi lm bi tp sgk.- c trc bi phn ng ho hc.VI. Rt kinh nghimNgy son: 6/10/2011Ngy dy: 18/10- 8B ; 19/10-8CD ; /10-8A/2011Tit 18: PHN NG HO HCA. MC TIU:I. Chun kin thc k nng:1. Kin thc:Nm c khi nim v phn ng ho hc,bit c bn cht ca phn ng ho hc.2. K nng:Rn k nng vit PTHH bng ch, xc nh cht tham gia, cht to thnh trong 1 phn ngho hc. K nng lm vic vi sgk, hot ng nhm.3. Gio dc:C hng th trong hc tp.II.Kin thc nng cao m rng:nh ngha v din bin phn ng ha hcB . CHUN B:* GV: Tranh phng to hnh v 2. 5 sgk.Dng c v ho cht tin hnh th nghim t chy ng* HS: Chun b k trc bi hc.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh41C - TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh:II. Kim tra bi c:Ly v d v hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc ri t phn bit hin tng vt lvi hin ho hc?III. Bi mi:1. t vn :Cc em bit cht c th bin i thnh cht khc, qu trnh gi l g? trong cg thay i? Khi no xy ra? Da vo u m bit c? lm r vn ny chng ta sln lt nghin cu.2.Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung* Hot ng 1:- T 2 th nghim xt bi trc HSnh li v tr li.? Fe v S c tc dng vi nhau khng .Sinh ra cht no.-GV:Qu trnh bin itrn xy raPHH.- GV hng dn HS cch vit v cch c,xc nh c cht phn ng v sn phm.? Khinung ng chy thnh than vnc , cht no l cht tham gia, cht no lcht to thnh (hay sn phm).- GV a bi tp 3(50) ln bng . Yu cuHS ln bng lm.? Trong P trn cht phn ng v cht sinhra l nhng cht no.* GV thng bo: Trong qu trnh phn ng,lng cht phn ng gim dn, lng chtsn phm tng dn.* Hot ng 2:* GV t vn nh phn u II.- GV cho HS quan st hnh 2.5 ( bngph) v tr li cu hi. Hy cho bit:? Trc phn ng (hnh a) c nhng phnt no. Cc nguyn t no lin kt vinhau.? Trong phn ng (hnh b) cc nguyn tno lin kt vi nhau. So snh s nguyn tH v O trong p/ (b) v trc p/ (a ).I. nh ngha:* Qu trnh bin i cht ny thnh cht khc gil PHH.* Tn cht phn ng Tn cc sn phm( Cht tham gia) ( Cht sinh ra)VD: Phng trnh ch:Lu hunh + stSt (II) sunfua.ng Than + Nc.* Bi tp 3:Parafin + oxi Nc + Cacbon ioxit.(Cht tham gia) (Cht sinh ra)II. Din bin ca phn ng ho hc:* Kt lun: Trong PHH ch c lin kt giacc nguyn t thay i lm phn t ny bin ithnh phn t khc.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh42IV. Cng c:- HS c phn ghi nh.- GV hng dn HS c bi c thm.- HS tr li: 1. Phn ng ho hc l gi? Cho VD minh ho.2. Hy cho bit trong cc qu trnh bin i sau, hin tung no l hintng vt l, hin tng ho hc. Vit PT ch ca cc PTP.a, t cn ( ru etylic) trong khng kh to ra kh cacbonic v nc.b, Bin g thnh giy, bn gh....c, t bt nhm trong khng kh, to ra nhm oxit.d, in phn nc ta thu c kh H2 v kh O2.V. Dn d:- Hc bi.- Bi tp v nh: 2, 5, 6 (Sgk).VI.Rt kinh nghim:..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Ngy son : 7/10/2011Ngy dy : 8BD 24/10; 8C 25/10; 8A /10/2011Tit 19 PHN NG HO HC (tip theo)A MC TIU:I. Chun kin thc k nng:1. Kin thc:- Bit c phn ng ho hc ch xy ra khi cc cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau; mt sphn ng cn c thm iu kin khc mi xy ra.- Bit nhn bit c phn ng ho hc.2. K nng:Rn k nng quan st nhn bit. K nng lm vic vi sgk, hot ng nhm.3. Gio dc:C hng th trong hc tp.II.Kin thc nng cao m rng: Nhn bit c phn ng xy raB. PHNG PHP:Ging gii, quan st,hot ng nhmC . CHUN B:*GV: - Ho cht: Zn (Al).Dung dch HCl.Pht pho .Dung dch Na2SO4.Dung dch BaCl2. Dung dch CuSO4.- Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, n cn, mi st.* HS: Chun b k trc bi hc.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh43D - TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh: .II. Kim tra bi c:Nu nh ngha phn ng ho hc? Bn cht ca phn ng ho hc?III. Bi mi:1. t vn : Nghin cu phn tip theo ca bi phn ng ho hc.2. Pht trin bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung* .Hot ng 1:* GV lm th nghim hnh 2.6 Sgk.+ TN: Cho 1ml dung dch HCl vo ngnghim c cha sn mt vi mnh km.? HS quan st v nu hin tng.- HS: C bt kh xut hin, mnh Zn tan dn.? TN trn mun PHH xy ra cn phi ciu kin g.- GV: Nu din tch tip xc ln th phnng xy ra cng nhanh.* GVt vn : Nu P, C hoc S trongkhng kh th cc cht c t bc chy khng.+ TN: Cho P vo mui st v t trnngn la n cn.? HS quan st v nhn xt.? Vy ta cn phi lm th no P x. ra.- GV: C mt s phn ng khng cn nnhit . VD: Ph ng gia Zn v HCl.* GV t vn : Nhn dn ta thng haynu ru, th qu trnh chuyn ho t tinhbt sang ru cn c iu kin g?- HS: C men r lm cht xc tc.? Cht xc tc c tc dng g.- HS: Kch thch cho phn ng xy ra nhanhhn....- GV dn VD Sgk.? Vy khi no th PHH xy ra.- GVhng dn HS lm bi tp 4 (Sgk)* Hot ng 2:- GV nhc li cc th nghim tin hnh tit 18.* GV hng dn hc sinh lm th nghim: +Cho inh Fe (hoc Zn)vo dung dchCuSO4.+ Cho dd BaCl2 t/d vi dd H2SO4.- HS lm th nghim v quan st hin tngxy ra.? Bit c PHH ny xy ra nh vo duIII. Khi no th phn ng ho hc xy ra?- Cc cht phn ng tip xc vi nhau.- Cn un nng n mt nhit no (tumi P c th) .- Mt s phn ng cn c mt cht xc tc.*Kt lun: Phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cc chttip xc vi nhau, cung cp nhit v cht xctcIV. Lm th no nhn bit c c phnng ho hc xy ra?Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh44hiu no.- HS: C cht mi to ra.- GV: Ta c th bit c nh vo trng thinh :+ C cht kh bay ra (Cho Zn t/d vi HCl)+ To thnh cht rn khng tan nh BaSO4 +S pht sng (P, ga, nn chy).+ Mu sc bin i ( Fe t/d vi CuSO4)* Du hiu nhn bit: C cht mi to ra.- Mu sc.- Trng thi.- Tnh tan.- S to nhit, pht sng.IV. CNG C:1. Khi no th PHH xy ra? Da vo du hiu no nhn bit c cht mi xut hin?2. Nh vi gt dung dch HCl vo mt cc vi ( thnh phn chnh l Canxi cacbonat)ta thy c xut hin bt kh ni ln.a, Du hiu no cho ta thy c PHH xy ra?b, Vit PT ch ca phn ng, bit rng sn phm l cc cht: Can xi clua, noc vCacbon ioxit.V. DN D:- Hc bi .- c phn c thm.- Bi tp: 1, 4, 6 Sgk.VI: RT KINH NGHIMNgy son:10/10/2011 Ngy dy:8B: 25/10 ; 8CD:26/10 ; 8A:28/10/2011Tit 20BI THC HNH 3A . MC TIU:1. Kin thc:- HS phn bit c hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc.- Nhn bit c du hiu c phn ng ho hc xy ra.2. K nng:- Rn luyn k nng s dng dng c, ho cht trong phng th nghim.3. Gio dc:- Gio dc thc cn thn, v sinh khi lm th nghim.B. CHUN B:* GV:- Dng c: + Gi th nghim.+ ng thu tinh, ng ht. ng nghim (c nh s th t 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). ng 1,3 ng nc, ng 4, 5 ng nc vi trong. Kp g, n cn.* Ho cht:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh45Dung dch Natriccbont. Dung dch nc vi trong. Thuc tm.* HS: Xem k trc bi hc.C - TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh: (1 pht)II. Bi c:Phn bit hin tng vt l v hin tng ho hc? Cho v d?Du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra?III. Bi mi:1. t vn : Trong bi thc hnh ny gip ta phn bit c hin tngvt l v hintng ho hc, du hiu c phn ng ho hc xy ra.2. Trin khai bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung1.Hot ng 1:- GV nu tin trnh bi thc hnh.- GV hng dn HS lm thc hnh v boco kt qu th nghim.* GV hng dn lm th nghim 1(Sgk).Ly 1 lng thuc tm, chia 3 phn:+ Phn I: B vo nc, lc cho tan.+ Phn II: B vo ng nghim, un nng. ngui, nc vo, lc cho tan.- GV lm mu: Ho tan thuc tm v unthuc tm.- GV ghi kt qu ln bng. Sau cho HSlm th nghim.? Mu sc ca dd trong 2 ng nghim.? HS phn bit c 2 qu trnh: Hin tngvt l v hin tng ho hc.-Hng dn HS vit phng trnh ch.2.Hot ng 2:*GV hng dnHS lm th nghim 2(Sgk).a. Dng ng tt thi hi th vo:+ ng 1:ng H2O.+ ng 2: ng nc vi trong.- HS quan st v nhn xt.? Trong hi th ra c kh g. Khi thi vo 2ng c hin tng g.- GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ch.*GV hng dn HS lm th nghim 3(Sgk)b. dung dch Natri cacbonat vo:+ ng 1: ng nc.I. Tin hnh th nghim:1.Th nghim 1: Ho tan v un nng kalipemanganat (thuc tm)* HS quan st, nhn xt, bo co kt qu.+ ng 1: Cht rn tan ht HTVL.+ ng 2: Cht rn khng tan ht, lng xung yng nghim HTHH.- Phng trnh ch:Kali pemanganat 0tKali pecmanganat+ Mangan ioxit + oxi.2.Th nghim 2: Thc hin phn ng vi canxihiroxit.* Nhn xt:- ng 1:Khng c hin tng.- ng 2: C PHH xy ra. Nc vi trong b c(C cht rn to thnh).- Phng trnh ch:Cacbon ioxit + Canxi hiroxit Canxi cacbonat + Nc* Nhn xt:+ ng 1: Khng c hin tng.+ ng 2: C phn ng ho hc xy ra. C chtGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh46+ ng 2: ng nc vi trong.? HS nu du hiu ca PHH.- GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ch.- GV gii thiu cht tham gia phn ng vcht to thnh sau phn ng.* GV yu cu HS vit bn tng trnh.rn khng tan trong nc.- phng trnh ch:Natri cacbonat + Canxi hiroxit Canxi cacbonat + Natri hiroxit.II. Bn tng trnh:- Hc sinh vit v np bn tng trnh.IV. Cng c:- GV hng dn HS lm tng trnh thc hnh.- Cho cc nhm HS lm v sinh phng thc hnh .V. Dn d:- V nh n tp cc kin thc hc cc bi trc: Nguyn t, phn t, n cht, hpcht, ho tr, phn ng ho hc, du hiu phn ng ho hc xy ra.- c bi : nh lut bo ton khi lng.Ngy son:15/10/2011 Ngy dy:8BD: 31/10 ; 8C:1/11 ; 8A:2/11/2011Tit 21:NH LUT BO TON KHI LNGA. MC TIU:1. Kin thc:- HS hiu c ni dung ca nh lut, bit gii thch nh lut da vo s bo ton v khilng ca nguyn t trong phn ng ho hc.- Bit vn dng nh lut lm bi tp ho hc.2. K nng:Tip tc nu k nng vit phng trnh ch cho HS.3. Gio dc:Gio dc thi cn thn, yu thch b mn.B. CHUN B:1. GV: Chun b TN:- Dng c: cn, 2 cc thu tinh.- Ho cht: + Dung dch Caliclorua.+ Dung dch Natrisunpht.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh47* Chun b tranh v: s tng trng cho phn ng ho hc gia kh xi v Hir (H 2.5SGK tr 4.8).- Bng ph: Cc bi tp vn dng.2. HS: c bi mi.C. TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh lp :II. Kim tra bi c:Khi no th PHH xy ra? Du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra?Cho v d?III. Bi mi:1. t vn : Trong qu trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cc cht ban u v cht tothnh c thay i khng? Liu chng c bng nhau khng? l ni dung ca bi ngy hn nay.2. Trin khai bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung1.Hot ng 1:- GV gii thiu 2 nh bc hc Lmnxp(Nga) v Lavoadie (Php).* GV lm th nghim hnh 2.7 (Sgk).+ t trn a cn A 2 cc (1) v (2) ccha 2 dung dch BaCl2 v Na2SO4.+ t qu cn ln a B cho cn thng bng.- Gi 1-2 HS ln quan st v tr kim cn.( Kim cn v tr thng bng)- Sau GV cc 1 vo cc 2, lc chodung dch trn vo ln nhau.? HS quan st hin tng. Nhn xt v trkim cn.( C cht rn mu trng xut hin - cPHH xy ra. Kim cn vn v tr thngbng)? Trc v sau khi lm th nghim, kim cacn vn gi nguyn v tr. C th suy ra iug.- GV thng bo: y chnh l c bn cani dung nh lut bo ton khi lng.- GV gii thiu 2 nh bc hc Lmnxp(Nga) v Lavoadie (Php).2.Hot ng2:? HS nhc li ni dung nh lut (1-2 HS).? GV yu cu HS ln bng vit phng trnhch ca phn ng.1.Th nghim :(Sgk).- Sau GV cc 1 vo cc 2, lc cho dungdch trn vo ln nhau.C cht rn mu trng xut hin - c PHHxy ra* Kt lun: Tng khi lng ca cc cht thamgia phn ng bng tng khi lng ca cc chtto thnh sau phn ng.2. nh lut :* Trong mt PHH, tng khi lng ca cccht sn phm bng tng khi lng ca cccht tham gia phn ng.- Phng trnh phn ng:Bari clorua + Natri sunfat Bari sunfat +Natri clorua.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh48- GV hng dn HS: C th dng CTHHca cc cht vit thnh PHH.? Trong PHH trn, theo em bn cht caphn ng ho hc l g.- HS tr li.- GV b sung: Trong phn ng ho hc:din ra s thay i lin kt gia cc nguynt, cn s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t ginguyn v khi lng ca cc nguyn tkhng i. V vy tng khi lng ca cccht c bo ton, lm cho phn t chtny bin i thnh phn t cht khc.3.Hot ng 3:* V: p dng trong gii ton, ta vitni dung nh lut thnh cng thc nh thno?- GV: Gi s c P gia A v B to ra C vD th cng thc v khi lng c vit nhth no?- GV: Dng k hiu khi lng ca cc chtl m.? HS vit tng qut.? T phng trnh ch ca PHH trn, pdng v vit cng thc v khi lng caP.- HS ln bng vit.- GV gii thch: T CT ny, nu bit KL ca3 cht ta tnh c KL ca cc cht cn li.*Bi tp 1: t chy hon ton 3,1gPhotpho (P) trong khng kh, ta thu c7,1 g hp cht iphotpho pentaoxit (P2O5).a. Vit PT ch ca phn ng.b. Tnh khi lng oxi phn ng.- HS p dng nh lut gii bi tp.*Bi tp 2: Nung CaCO3 thu c 112 kgvi sng (CaO) v 88 kg kh cacbonic (CO2)a.Vit phng trnh ch ca P.b.Tnh khi lng ca Caxi cacbonat P.BaCl2 + Na2SO4 2NaCl + BaSO4+(A) (B) (C) (D)3. p dng:* Tng qut:mA + mB =mC + mDNaCl O Ba Na BaClm m m mSO+ = +442 2* VD1:a.Phng trnh ch:Photpho + Oxi 0tiphtpho pentaoxit.b. Theo LBTKL ta c:5 2O P P Om m m = +) ( 4 1 , 3 1 , 71 , 7 1 , 31 , 3225 2 2gam mmm mOOO P O= = = += +* VD2: HS lm bi tp vo v.IV.Cng c: - HS c phn ghi nh.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh49- Nu nh lt v gii thch.* BT1: Lu hunh chy theo s phn ng sau:Lu hunh + Kh oxi Kh sunfur.Nu c 48g lu hunh chy v thu c 96g kh sunfur th khi lng oxi phnng l:A. 40g B. 44g C. 48g D. 52g E. Khng xc nh c* BT2: Cho 11,2g Fe tc dng vi dung dch axit clhiric HCl to ra 25,4g st (II)clorua FeCl2 v 0,4g kh hiro H2.Khi lng axit clohric HCl dng l:A. 14,7g B. 15g C. 14,6g D. 26g.V. Dn d:- Hc bi.- Lm bi tp: 1,2,3 (Tr 54 - Sgk).Ngy son:23/10/2011 Ngy dy:8B: 1/11 ; 8CD:2/11 ; 8A:4/11/2011Tit 22:PHNG TRNH HO HCA. MC TIU:1. Kin thc: Gip hc sinh hiu c PTHH dng biu din phn ng ho hc gmcng thc ho hc ca cc cht phn ng v sn phm vi h s thch hp.- HS hiu c ngha ca PTHH l cho bit t l v s nguyn t, s phn t gia cccht trong phn ng.- HS bit cch lp PTHH khi bit cc cht phn ng v sn phm2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng lp PTHH3. Gio dc: To hng th hc tp cho hc sinh.B. PHNG TIN DY HC:1. GV: Gio n + bng ph2. HS: Lm bi tp- Hc trc bi PTHHC. TIN TRNH LN LP: (TIT 1)I. n nh: (1 pht)II. Kim tra bi c:Gi 2 hc sinh ln lm bi tp 2,3 sgk/54III. Bi mi:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh501. t vn : biu din cho phn ng ho hc ngi ta lp PTHH. Vy PTHH clp nh th no ta nghin cu bi hc hm nay!2. Trin khai bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung1.Hot ng 1:-GV hng dn hc sinh :Da vophng trnh ch:*Bi tp 3: HS vit cng thc ho hc cccht trong phn ng (Bit rng:Ma gi oxitgm: Mg v O).-GV: Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:S nguyn t mi nguyn t trc v sauphn ng khng i.-HS nu s nguyn t oxi 2 v phngtrnh.-GV hng dn HS thm h s 2 trcMgO.-GV dn dt HS lm cho s nguyn tMg 2 v phng trnh cn bng nhau.-HS phn bit s 2 trc Mg v s 2 tphn t O2.(H s khc ch s).-GV treo tranh 2.5 (sgk).-Hs lp phng trnh ho hc gia Hydro,oxi theo cc bc:+Vit phng trnh ch.+Vit cng thc ho hc cc cht trc vsau phn ng.+Cn bng s nguyn t mi nguyn t .-GV lu cho HS vit ch s, h s.-GV chuyn qua gii thiu knh hnh sgk.2.Hot ng 2:-Qua 2 v d trn HS rt ra cc bc lpphng trnh ho hc.-HS tho lun nhm.-i din nhm nu kin ca nhm .-GV cho bi tp1 (Bng ph).*t chy P trong Oxi thu c P2O5.-HS lm : Gi 2 HS c phn ng hohc.*Bi tp 2: (GV dng bng ph).Fe + Cl2 otFeCl3SO2 + O2 ttSO3Al2O3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O-GV hng dn HS cn bng phng trnhho hc.1. Lp phng trnh ho hc:a. Phng trnh ho hc:*Phng trnh ch:Ma gi + oxi Magi oxit.*Vit cng thc ho hc cc cht trong phn ng:Mg + O2 MgO2Mg + O2 2MgO*V d: Lp phng trnh ho hc:-Hydro + oxi Nc.H2 + O2 H2O2H2 + O2 2 H2O*Phng trnh ho hc biu din ngn gn phnng ho hc.2. Cc bc lp phng trnh ho hc:(SGK).*Bi tp 1:4P + 5O2 ot2P2O5*Bi tp 2:2Fe + 3Cl2 ot2 FeCl3Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh51-Gi HS ln bng cha bi.3.Hot ng3:-GV pht cho mi nhm hc sinh 1 bngc ni dung sau:Al + Cl2 ot?Al + ? Al2O3.Al(OH)3 ot? + H2O-GV pht ba v ph bin lut chi.-Cc nhm chm cho nhau v rt ra cchlm .-idin cc nhm gii thch l do t ccming ba.-GV tng kt tr chi, chm im nhnxt.2SO2 + O2 tt2SO3Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O3 .Luyn tp cng c:2Al +3 Cl2 ot2AlCl34Al + 3O2 2Al2O3.2Al(OH)3 otAl2O3 + 3H2OIV. Cng c:-HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi.-HS c phn ghi nh.V. .Dn d:-Hc bi. Lm bi tp: 2,3,5,7, (sgk- 57,58).- Xem trc phn cn li ca bi.\Ngy son:29/10/2011 Ngy dy:8BD: 7/11 ; 8C:8/11 ; 8A:9/11/2011Tit 23:PHNG TRNH HO HC( TIP THEO)A. MC TIU:-Hc sinh hiu c ngha phng trnh ho hc.-Bit xc nh t l s nguyn t, phn t gia cc cht trong phn ng.-Rn k nng lp phng trnh ho hc.B.PHNG TIN DY HC:1. GV: Thm nhp gio n.2. HS: Xem trc phn cn li ca bi.C. TIN TRNH LN LP: (TIT 2)I. n nh: (1 pht)II. Kim tra bi c:Phng trnh ho hc l g? nu cc bc lp PTHH?III. Bi mi:1. t vn :PTHH c ngha nh th no ta nghin cu bi hc hm nay!2. Trin khai bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung1.Hot ng1:-HS cho v d v phn ng ho hc.1. ngha ca phng trnh ho hc:Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh52-GV yu cu HS tho lun nhm tr li:Nhn vo phng trnh ho hc cho tabit iu g?-HS nu kin ca nhm .-GV tng kt li.-HS vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc.Cho bit t l s nguyn t, phn t .-GV yu cuH lm bi tp 4.2.Hot ng 2:*Bi tp 1: Lp phng trnh hohc.Cho bit t l s nguyn t , phn tcc cp cht (Tu chn).trong phn ng.*Bi tp 2: t chy kh M tan trongkhng kh thu c CO2 v H2O.-HS vit phng trnh phn ng.-GV lu cch vit h s cch tnh snguyn t cc nguyn t .-HS lm bi tp 6,7 (sgk).?Vy em hiu nh th no v phngtrnh ho hc.V d: 2H2 + O2 ot2H2O-Bit t l cht tham gia v cht to thnh sau phnng.-T l s phn t cc cht .*V d: Bi tp 2 (sgk).*4Na + O2 2Na2O24;142 2= =O NaNaONa*P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO41 3 22. p dng:*2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl322;323 2= =FeClFeClFe*CH4 +2O2 tCO2 + 2H2O*Lu :-H s vit trc cng thc ho hc cc cht (Caobng ch ci in hoa).-Nu h s l 1 th khng ghi.*Ghi nh: Phng trnh ho hc biu din ngngn phn ng ho hc. C 3 bc lp phng trnhho hc .- ngha ca phng trnh ho hc.IV. Cng c:16. Fe + Cl2 -> FeCln17. FeS2 + O2 -> Fe2O3 + SO218. FeS + O2 -> Fe2O3 + SO219. FexOy + O2 -> Fe2O320. Cu + O2 + HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O21.Fe3O4 + C -> Fe + CO222. Fe2O3 + H2 -> Fe + H2O.23. FexOy + Al -> Fe + Al2O324. Fe + Cl2 -> FeCl325. CO + O2 -> CO2a/ ?Na + ? 2Na2O b/ 2HgO t0? Hg + ?c/ ? H2+ ? t02H2O d/ 2Al + 6HCl ?AlCl3 + ?C cc qu trnh sau: K + H2O KOH2 Ca + O2 2CaOGio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh53H2 + O H2OCho bit trng hp no l 1 PTHH => mun c 1 PTHH cn phi ch iu g?V. Dn d:Hc bi lm bi tp cn li sgk. Chun b k trc bi tp bi luyn tp.Ngy son:29/10/2011 Ngy dy:8B: 8/11 ; 8CD:9/11 ; 8A:11/11/2011Tit 24:LUYN TPA. MC TIU:1. Kin thc: Gip hc sinh cng c kin thc v phn ng ho hc, nm c nhngha, bn cht, K v du hiu nhn bit.- Nm uc ni dung ca LBTKL, gii thch v p dng c- Nm c PTHH l biu din ngn gn phn ng ho hc v ngha PTHH.2. K nng: Phn bit c hin tng ho hc- Lp c PTHH khi bit cht phn ng v sn phm3. Gio dc: thc t hc v s ham thch b mnB. CHUN B:1. GV: H thng cu hi khi qut kin thc cn nh.2. HS: Chun b k trc bi tp bi luyn tp.C. TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh: (1 pht)II. Kim tra bi c: (Kt hp trong gi)III. Bi mi:1. t vn : cng c kin thc hc v nh lut BTKL v PTHH chng ta tin hnh luyn tp.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh542. Trin khai bi:Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung1.Hot ng 1:-GV treo bng c mt s phn ng hohc biu din bng cc phng trnhho hc.-HS nu cht tham gia, cht to thnh.Cn bng phng trnh ho hc.-HS nu cch lp phng trnh hohc .- ngha ca phng trnh ho hc.2.Hot ng 2:*Bi tp: Vit phng trnh ho hcbiu din cc qu trnh bin i sau:a.Cho km vo dung dch HCl thuc ZnCl2 v H2.b.Nhng dy nhm vo dung dchCuCl2 to thnh Cu v AlCl3.c.t Fe trong oxi thu c Fe3O4.*Bi tp 2: (sgk).-HS c .-Tho lun, chn phng n ng.*Bi tp 3 (sgk): (Ghi bng ph).Nung 84 kg MgCO3 thu c m gamMgO v 44 kg CO2.a.Lp phng trnh ho hc.b.Tnh m ca MgO.-HS lm bi tp.-GV hng dn1.Kin thc cn nh:*V d: N2 + 3H2 ot2NH3*Cch lp phng trnh ho hc:3 bc.2.Vn dng:a.Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2|b.Al + CuCl2 AlCl3 + Cu+c.3Fe + 2O2 otFe3O4*Bi tp 2: p n D ng.V: Trong phn ng ho hc phn t bin i, cnnguyn t gi nguyn.Nn tng khi lng cc cht c bo ton.*Bi tp 3:? 448423= = =MgO COMgCOm kg mkg mGii:a. MgCO3 otMgO + CO2|b.Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:kg m m mm m mCO MgO MgOCO MgO MgCO40 44 8422 3= = =+ =IV. Cng c:Bi 1: Trong cac hp chat cua sat :FeO ; Fe2O3 ; Fe3O4; Fe(OH)3 ; FeCl2 th sat co hoatr la bao nhieu ?Bi 2: Tm ha tr ca S trong cc hp cht sau: H2S; SO2; SO3; H2SO3; H2SO4?Bi 3: Xc nh ha tr cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau, bit ha tr ca O l II.1. CO2 2. SO2 3. P2O5 4. N2O5 5.Na2O 6.CaO8.Fe2O3 9.CuO 10.Cr2O3 11.MnO2 12.Cu2O 13.HgO 14.NO215.FeO 16.PbO 17.MgO 18.NO 19.ZnO 20.Fe3O4 21.BaO- Lp PTHH phi lm g ? vn dng lm Fe (OH)3 Fe2O3 + H2O- Trong phn ng ho hc cc nguyn t v phn t nh thno?cn bngPT- Vit s ca p, gm CTHH ca cc cht p v sn phm.Gio n ho hc 8Gio vin: Lng Th Oanh55- Cn bng s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t bng cch chn cc h s thch hp in votrc cc CTHH.- Vit PTHH.@Lu : Khi chn h s cn bng:+ Khi gp nhm nguyn t -> Cn bng nguyn c nhm.+ Thng cn bng nguyn t c s nguyn t l cao nht bng cch nhn cho 2,4+ Mt nguyn t thay i s nguyn t 2 v PT, ta chn h s bng cch ly BSCNN ca 2s trn chia cho s nguyn t ca nguyn t .V. Dn d:n tp ni dung hc trong chng 2 tit sau kim tra 1 tit.Ngy son:29/10/2011 Ngy dy:8BD: 14/11 ; 8C:15/11 ; 8A:16/11/2011Tit 25:BI KIM TRA S 2A. MC TIU:1. Kin thc: nh gi kim tra hc sinh qua cc ni dung hc trong chng trnh.2. K nng: Rn k nng c lp trong kim tra, t duy logic ti hin.3. Gio dc: thc nghim tc trong thi c.B. PHNG TIN DY HC:1. GV: Gio n- kim tra v giy kim tra .2. HS: n tp ni dung chng 2.C. TIN TRNH LN LP:I. n nh: (1 pht)II. Kim tra bi c: Pht giy kim traIII. Bi mi:I.TRC NGHIM (4): Khoanh trn vo ch ci ng trc cu tr li ng.1. Trong cc hin t