gibson – wh – u7a – ch. 30 warm-up #21.4 (29.4) 12. what was the name for president wilson’s...

Gibson – WH – U7A – Ch. 30

Warm-up #21.4 (29.4)12.What was the name for

President Wilson’s plan for the postwar world?

13.Which country took 100% of the blame for WWI under the Treaty of Versailles?

14.How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?

15.Why did the US not want to join the League of Nations

12. 14 points13. Germany14. Left a legacy of

bitterness and hatred

15. Did not want to be involved in European affairs

1900-1939

Chapter 30Revolution and Nationalism

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Section 1Revolutions In Russia

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Czars Resist ChangeThe revolution in Russia had been

building for nearly 100 yearsAlexander II, assassinated in 1881

for being too slow to reform, will be replaced by an absolutist (Alexander III)He will be harsh towards

revolutionariesCensorship, secret police,

monitoring students, political dissidents punished severely

Forbade diversity (especially Judaism)

Alex III will be replaced by Nicholas II in 1894Same policies of harshness

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Russian IndustrializationBetween 1863 and

1900, the number of factories doubled

In 1890, Nicholas focused Russia’s attention on rapid industrializationIt worked but it also

stirred discontent among the people

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Revolutionary Movement Begins

Worsening conditions (harsh work, low wages, child labor, no unions) led to workers strikingNew groups started

to formOne particular group

celebrated the ideas of MarxWanted to form a

“dictatorship of the proletariat” (workers)

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Bolsheviks and LeninIn 1903, two Marxist camps

formedModerates (Mensheviks)

wanted a broad base (lots of followers)

Radicals (Bolsheviks) wanted a few, very loyal followers for extreme reformers willing to sacrifice everything

The Bolsheviks eventually followed Vladimir LeninOrganized, engaging, and

ruthlessLed the revolution from abroad

after fleeing arrest in the early 1900s

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Crisis 1: JapanBetween 1904 and

1917, Russia quickly deteriorated

Competition for Manchuria/Korea led to the Russo-Japanese WarRussia loses

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Crisis #2: Bloody Sunday200,000 workers, on strike,

approached Czar Nicholas II’s winter palacePetition for rights (working

conditions, freedom, democratic legislature)

Hundreds were killed when the generals order the soldiers to fire on the crowd

Strikes spread rapidly, resulting in Nicholas creating the Duma (Parliament)Lasted 10 weeks before being

disbanded

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Crisis #3 (the final straw): WWI

Russia was being humiliated in battle after battle with GermanyPeople blamed the weak

Russian leadershipNicholas II goes to the Eastern

Front to set up camp and rally the troopsAlexandra (wife) was left in

charge and allowed Rasputin to make key political decisionsNobles kill Rasputin because of

his growing power

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March RevolutionMarch 1917, protests will

break out. Soldiers initially fire on protestors but eventually join with them

Czar Nicholas II stepped downHe + family executed 1

year laterWith nobody to replace the

Czar, a provisional (temporary) government was put in place

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SovietsPeople grew more radical

under the provisional government

They began creating councils (soviets) of workers in each city. They often became more powerful than the government

Lenin will return from exile (with the help of Germany) in April 1917

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Revolution Lenin and his supporters begin to

take control of the soviets In Nov 1917, the Bolsheviks storm

the Winter Palace and arrest leaders of the provisional governmentFarms were redistributedFactories went to the workersWWI was ended (for them)

Anger at the Bolsheviks led to a civil war (White vs Red)The white army was

unorganized and, by 1920, had lost

As many Russians died than in the WWI by all sides

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Restoring OrderThe war had destroyed

RussiaLenin introduced the NEP

(New Economic Policy) intended to turn things aroundPeasants could sell surplus crops

Small businesses could be privately owned

By 1928, Russia was back to pre-WWI production

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Maintaining ControlLenin renamed Russia the

USSR in 1922 as a tribute to the soviets

The Bolsheviks became the Communist Party and passed a constitutionThe Communist Party

had created a dictatorship

Lenin’s stroke (1922) left control of the party to Joseph Stalin

AND NOW…Continue working on “The Great War” ProjectWWI rations postersWWI propaganda postersWWI before and after map Europe

WWI military technologyChapter 30 Vocab Crossword

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Warm-up #22.1 (30.1)1. What was the name

of the radical Marxist revolutionaries?

2. What happened immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution? (3)

3. How did Alexander III and Nicholas II spur on the Russian Revolution?

1. Bolsheviks2. Factories went

to workers, farmland was redistributed, treaty signed with Germany

3. They were autocrats with no reform

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Section 2Totalitarianism

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TotalitarianismUnder Stalin, the USSR

controlled every aspect of life

Tools of totalitarianism:Police terror – crush

opposition and dissentIndoctrination – use education to glorify the leader/policies

Propaganda/CensorshipReligious persecution – scapegoats

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Stalin: Fear and PersecutionUsed secret police/informersTanks to stop riotsMonitored phone calls, read

mailGreat Purge: 1934- Stalin

eliminates ANYONE (especially fellow revolutionaries) who might pose a threat (8-13 million people)

Religion gets replaced with communism (League of the Militant Godless)Destroy churches and

synagogues

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Propaganda and Indoctrination

Stalin controlled all sources of informationnewspapers and entertainment companies

Individuality was badSchools were required to

teach the virtues of the CommunistsTo question would result

in firing/imprisonment

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Command EconomyIn 1928, Stalin took control of

the USSR’s economyThe government made all

economic decisionsHe will focus on industrial

and agricultural revolutionsStalin created a Five-Year Plan

Impossible quotas for steel, coal, oil, and electricity

Reduced consumer goodsLack of housing, food, and clothes

While people suffered, the country’s industrial output significantly increased

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Agricultural ReformAt the same time, the

USSR took over 25 million farms and combined them into collective farmsHundreds of

families worked to produce food for the state

Within 10 years, 90% of farmers lived on collectives

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Benefits of StalinWomen’s roles

The Bolsheviks declared women and men to be equal during the Revolution

By 1950, 75% of doctors were women

Education“If a person does not want

to become a collective farmer or just a cleaning woman, the only means you have to get something is through education.”

AND NOW…Chapter 30 Vocab due tomorrowContinue working on “The Great War” ProjectWWI rations postersWWI propaganda postersWWI before and after map EuropeWWI military technology

Unit 7A Study Guide

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Warm-up #22.2 (30.2)4. What term describes

a government that controls every aspect of public and private life?

5. What was the name for Stalin’s economic reform proposals?

6. What areas were the focus of Stalin’s reforms?

4. Totalitarian5. Five-Year plans6. Industrial and

agricultural revolution

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Section 3Imperial China Collapses

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Nationalists Overthrow the Qing

The Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, began in the early 1900s

Sun Yixian, a Kuomintang leader, overthrew the last Qing emperor in 1911Becomes the first president

NationalismDemocracyEconomic strength

Lacking the strength, Sun hands power to a general who abandons democracy

His death leads to a civil war

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WWI Adds to the TroubleThe civil war left provincial

warlords in chargeChina, having joined the Allies

before the war was over, was incensed over the awarding of German held lands in China to Japan in the Treaty of Versailles

An explosion of protests erupted on May fourth (May Fourth Movement)Nationalism and calls for a

strong, modern nationSome began to consider

communism as the answer

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Communist Party in China1921 – the group is foundedMao Zedong, one of the founders,

envisioned a rural revolutionSun’s death led to Jiang Jieshi

taking control of the NationalistsChina’s weakening government

led to more support for the Communists, especially the peasants

Jiang will eventually turn on the Communists, nearly wiping them out (Shanghai Massacre) 4/12/1927

The West will recognize Jiang as rightful leader, Russia will not

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Civil WarThe 1927 attack on Communists

resulted in a civil warFought from the countryside

using guerilla tactics1933 – Jiang and 700,000 men

force the Communists on the Long March (6000 mile journey to northern China over the course of a year)Lost 90% of their people

In 1937, Japan invaded and the two sides joined together, although never fully trusting the other

And Now…Continue working on WWI projectsDue Friday

Make sure your notebook is ready to turn in on ThursdayStudy GuideNotesVocabulary (Ch. 29-30)

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Warm-up #22.3 (30.3)7. Which group did most

Chinese peasants side with in the 1920s?

8. What did Sun Yixian accomplish?

9. The ___ were led on the “Long March” by the ______.

10. Who was awarded the German spheres of influence in China following WWI?

7. Communists8. Overthrew the

last Chinese emperor

9. Communists; nationalists

10. Japan

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Section 4Nationalism in India

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Indian Nationalism1885/1906 the

Hindu/Muslim independence groups were created

Promised self-government if they joined the British in WWI, millions of Indians will become angry when it is never givenProtests and riots begin

to break outBritain responds with the

Rowlatt Acts in 1919Jail < 2 years without trial

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Amritsar Massacre10,000 Indians peacefully

protest the Rowlatt ActsBelieving that they were

knowingly violating the law, a British commander orders troops to fire on the trapped protesters400 dead in 10 minutes

Anger erupted in India, changing Indians from loyal subjects to nationalists

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Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movementBased on religion

Used civil disobedience (knowingly breaking the law)Non-violentBoycotts on British goodsStrikes and protests

Salt March – 1930: British tax and limit salt. Gandhi leads a 240 mile march to the sea to make their own salt60,000 non-violent people

beaten and arrested got attention worldwide

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Gandhi WinsAs a result of

continuous campaigns of civil disobedience, Britain passed the Government of India Act in 1935Local self-government and limited elections

Fueled growing tension between the Muslim/Hindu population

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AND NOW…Study for Vocabulary QuizTake Vocabulary QuizOrganize Notebook (due tomorrow)

NotesStudy GuideVocabulary (29-30)

Complete the study guideAnswers will be provided to anyone who comes to

review sessions with a study guide completeUSA TestPrep (Warring World)