giic 2016-pradeep bansal, vice president (project), gspc lng ltd
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Technological Developments in Small Scale & Retail LNG
Gas Infrastructure, India-201622nd July, 2016
1
PRADEEP KUMAR BANSAL VICE PRESIDENT – PROJECTS GSPC LNG LIMITED
Flow of Presentation
1. Trend of Natural Gas Consumption in India2. Key to success – Infrastructure Development3. Technological Advances & New Avenues in LNG
Supply Chain4. Key Drivers of Small Scale LNG5. New Avenues - Small Scale LNG (SSLNG)6. Retail LNG Application7. Issues & Challenges in SSLNG8. Conclusions
2
Trend of Natural Gas Consumption in India
26.77 26.97 27.06
40.83
46.04
41.17
34.35
28.9826.78
25.31
9.0310.93 10.54
11.82 12.8915.41 14.44
17.73 18.5421.31
25%
29% 28%
22% 22%
27%30%
38%41%
46%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
BCM
Sale by Producing Companies LNG import LNG as % of Total Consumption
Increasing trend of RLNG usage in the overall gas consumption mix 3
Existing Gas Infrastructure in India
4Source: International Gas Union, A.T. Kearney Analysis, PNGRB Report, News, ICRA Report
Existing Gas Infrastructure in India
5
Growth in Infrastructure(Key to Gas based Economy)
• LNG regasification Infrastructure *– Current capacity (21.5 MMTPA)
* Source PPAC. Note: Issues of Breakwater at RGPPL, Dabhol & Pipeline connectivity at PLL, Kochi.
– Under Construction/ Planned expansion (22.5 MMTPA)
• Gas Transmission Network– Current transmission pipeline 16,250 Kms.– Under Construction/ Planned expansion 13,000 Kms. (approx.)
• City Gas Distribution– More Geographical Areas being offered in PNGRB bid rounds.– Huge Potential opportunity:
• To convert 20.18 Crore LPG users to PNG (31.64 Lacs at present).• Country has only 1081 CNG outlets vis-a-vis. 56,190 Retail outlets for
Petrol/Diesel.
Comparative Gas Infrastructure
7Source: GSPC Internal, EIA & PPAC -Ready Reckoner Report June 2016
6400 864513673 16191
10700
24000
40000
55000
29250
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2000 2005 2010 2015
KMIndia & China – NG Pipelines
India Cumulative Pipeline Length China Pipeline Length
India - Including the Proposed Pipelines
1
46 7
1113 13
1 24 4
0
5
10
15
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
India & China – LNG Terminals
China - No. Of LNG Terminals India - No. Of LNG Terminals
Natural Gas Pipeline SystemsSr. No. Country KM ( Kilometre)
1 China 55,000
2 India16,250 (Existing)
13,000 (Approx Under Execution)*
3 Canada 445,000
4 USA 490,745
Need for SSLNG
Pipeline connectivity is key for developmentof Gas Infrastructure. However, Pipelineconnectivity is capital intensive as well astime taking process. Therefore, SSLNG is analternative for the development of GasInfrastructure.
8
Classic LNG Chain
9
Extended LNG Chain
10
Advanced LNG Chain
11
NEW AVENUES - Small Scale LNG (SSLNG)
Small Scale LNG
LNG Bunkering
Coastal/Break Bulk LNG
Retail LNG
12
Beyond Conventional Business – SSLNG the way forward
Key Drivers of Small Scale LNG
Key Drivers
Economic Price Differential Price gap between FO, Diesel and LNG
Technological
Development of technology to support SSLNG
Development of Gas Engine Tech
Environmental Drive towards lesser Nox, Sox, emission/pollution control etc.
13
LNG Bunkering
14
In general, the fuel system comprises:• Tank(s) for storing LNG under cryogenic temperature & pressure
(vacuum insulated)• Vaporizer(s) for converting LNG into gaseous fuel• Pressure build up vaporizer to maintain tank pressure• Cold-box (gas tight box) containing all control and instrumentation
needed for the tank operation as well as the vaporizer(s)• Bunkering station for filling the tank with LNG from outside source• Vacuum insulated pipeline connecting the bunkering station with cold-
box• Possible placing of the fuel tank:
� On the deck� Bellow the deck
• Class society: DNV, IGC, Code, Germanischer Lloyd
15
Coastal Transportation of LNG
Small LNG Carrier: LNGC’s smaller than 20,000 m3 capacity LNGC’s between 20,000 & 40,000 m3 LNGC’s between 40,000 and 50,000 m3
Coastal Transportation
LNG Carrier (Small Capacity) +
Compatible Jetty
Filling in LNG bottles and shipping with
Articulated Tug barge
16
Coastal Transportation through small LNG carrier
The Infrastructural requirement is Huge.
Jetty requirement at loading point with loading arms Jetty requirement at unloading point with unloading Arms
Dedicated Control system with all automatic safety devices
Small LNG carrier can not be berthed at conventional jetties.
17
Coastal Transportation through Articulated Tug Barge
LNG transferred through Bullets, avoiding huge infrastructural investment on loading, unloading.
Ideal for small scale Industrial Usage located near costal areas.
Large no of bottles can be transported per barge.
18
Barge Mooring Arrangement
19
Significant Bottle Nos. can be Transported by a single Barge
20
Typical LNG Bottle
Lifting from a barge
21
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110 ton on a single hook
23
Landing…
24
…onto foundations
25
Tank and vaporizers installed
26
27
Hub & Spoke Distribution from Any Terminal
Multiple Receiving Depots as Required
Barge Cargo Units Can Be Re-Located as Needed
Deliveries Sized to Volume/Demand
No weather limitations
Coastal Transportation through Articulated Tug Barge - Merits
28
Potential Coastal Route for LNG Barges
29
Potential Coastal Route for LNG Barges
30
Potential Coastal Route for LNG Barges
Retail LNG Application
Retail Retail LNG
Road Transport
Fuel
Rail Transport
Fuel
Comm. & Ind.Mining
Aviation
31
32
Relative Co2 Emission
32
33
LCNG Vs CNG Stations
High Purity – LNG is already purified during liquefaction stage.
Energy Cost Reduction – 4 times less than CNG (on account ofcompressor)
Lower Maintenance cost – 3 times less than CNG
Flexibility – Can be used for both LNG & CNG filling plusdomestic gas for nearby residential complexes
Independent Re-fueling due to dedicated LNG Storage
34
LCNG Vs CNG – Power Consumption
35
Elements of LCNG station
LCNG Station Operation
LNG Transport
LNG Storage
LNG Pump
LNG Dispenser
LCNG Vaporizer
CNG Storage
CNG Dispenser
LCNG Pump
System ComponentsSystem ComponentsVaporizer, pumps, storage Vaporizer, pumps, storage tank, dispenserstank, dispensers
Equipment – LNG Storage Tank
• 15,000 gallon (57,000 liter) capacity
• 175 psi (12 bar) maximum working pressure
• Stainless steel inner vessel• ASME Section VIII, Division 1• All stainless steel piping• All relief devices to a common
vent stack
Equipment – LNG Pump
• Submerged centrifugal pump within an ASME code vessel– ACD model TC-34
• Serves to both offload an LNG transport and fuel LNG vehicles
• All control valves and instruments are installed & wired at the factory
Equipment – LCNG Pump
• Positive-displacement reciprocating pump can provide LNG at pressures up to 5000 psi (354 bar)
• Available in sizes 3 to 20 gal/min (11 to 75 liter/min)
• Uses approximately 1/5 the horsepower of a traditional CNG compressor
• ACD model SGV 3
• Forced draft ambient vaporizer, optional ASME code – CRYOQUIP model BAF
• STAINLESS Steel lined for high pressure
• Up to 400 bar standard pressures, auto defrost, whisper fan design
• Manufactured in India
Equipment – LCNG Vaporizer
LNGLNG
AUXILLIARYAUXILLIARY
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Dispensers
Fuel tanks Local controls
Remote controls
LCNG station
Location: KatsutaSource: Tokyo Gas
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LCNG station
44
45
LNG Truck Loading
46
LNG Truck Transportation
LNG by Road
47
48
LNG Truck Unloading
49
LNG Rail Transportation
Issues and Challenges
Customers with smaller requirements
Substitution of fuel to take place, thus cost economics will always be the primary goal
Customers unwilling to contract for a long term
Lack of experience in operations and commercial transactions
Customer may be working on thin operating margins
Customer may be unwilling to invest into newer technologies, infrastructure & equipments.
Customer may not have best in the market credit ratings (quality)
50
Conclusions
LNG = ƒ (Price Spread, Oil Prices, Environmental Regulations)
Oil prices play an important role when LNG competes alternate fuels like FO, LDO, MGO, Naphtha (and hence investment decisions heavily dependent on oil prices).
SSLNG has potential to fight Urban Pollution (esp. With respect to highly polluted cities in World).
Strict Environmental Norms (in ECA, USA, EU) has been the foremost cause for adoption of LNG as marine fuel.
Project economics should improve; by standardization and modularizations.
Regulation compliance could be a challenge. No common regulation. Absence of any regulation in new markets (countries).
BOG management is a big challenge in SSLNG.
Govt support to promote creation of basic infrastructure for SSLNG to takeoff. 51
Thank You
52
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