gis, geospatial data and you
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MIKE MAHAFFIEDATA COORDINATOR
STATE OF DELAWARE OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING
COORDINATION
GIS, Geospatial Data and You
(or, Why Google Maps Works)
What Does Delaware Look Like?
Delaware’s boundary is marked by 179 monuments. Some are lovely carved
stones Some are not
They were set starting incolonial times by surveyors including Mason & Dixon.
They mark all but one of the lines that make up our state boundary
What Does Delaware Look Like?
The Transpeninsular Line The Tangent Line The Arc Line The North Line The Top of the Wedge Line The 12-mile Circle The 1934 Mean Low Water
Line The Delaware Bay Line
Here’s Something That Worries Me
The Transpeninsula
r Line Starts Here
What Happens Here!?!
Why is He Like This?
I have three jobs Technical support for the Office of State Planning
Coordination Liaison between Delaware and the Census Bureau State GIS Coordinator
The first two are tough enoughBut getting all the minutiae of digital
mapping straight can make you….
By the Way…
“GIS” stands for Geographic Information System
The tools and dataneeded to combinedatabase info withgeographic location
What, added towhere, equals usableknowledge
“Geospatial Data”
How Do We Use GIS?
State land-use policy development State Strategies for Policies and Spending Development Reviews
Transportation planning and managementEnvironmental policies and management
Sea-level rise studies Habitat studies Plume modeling for spills and other bad things
Health planning and epidemiologic studies911 dispatch and emergency event
management
Municipal Comprehensive Plans
Municipal Comprehensive Plans
+ County Comprehensive Plans
Municipal Comprehensive Plans
+ County Comprehensive Plans
+ Public-Owned/Protected
A Statewide Approach
Where Does This Data Come From?
Basic mapping used to comefrom USGS in the form of Topographic Maps
Starting in the 1980s, theCensus Bureau developed TIGER The "Topologically Integrated
Geographic Encoding andReferencing" system
Helped lead to GIS
But Those Are National in Scale
Topographic Maps are at 1:24000To map the whole
of the US, you needto map at very small scales Say, 1:3000000
What does that mean for a smallstate? It’s not good…
In Delaware, We Map at Large Scales
Generally, wemap at 1:2400
In Delaware, We Map at Large Scales
Generally, wemap at 1:2400
But we often golarger (1:1000)
Local Data Are Better
Two things we’ve learned: The closer you are to something, the more clearly you
map it Those who are in charge of a thing should maintain
the data about that thingTherefore, the best geospatial data come
from local and county sourcesIn our case, generally from the state (we’re
special) Eg: Most roads in Delaware are maintained by the
state
But Data Must be Organized & Aggregated
The Delaware GeographicData Committee formed in 1998
To coordinate the use and sharing of GIS data and tools in Delaware
A collegial organization that existed because it said it did (minor reference in state code)
Partnerships, relationships and friendships have been key
Ultimately about 500 members
Goals of GIS Coordination
Ensure that geospatial data are maintained and published in such a manner that they are readily available to all appropriate data users to support state and local government functions;
Promote the use and sharing of geospatial data and of geographic information system software and tools by state agencies and local governments;
Establish standards for the appropriate publication of geospatial data and metadata; and
Provide for a coordinated community of geospatial data providers and geospatial data users in Delaware.
29 Del. Code, § 9141
Goals of GIS Coordination
Ensure that geospatial data are maintained and published in such a manner that they are readily available to all appropriate data users to support state and local government functions;
Promote the use and sharing of geospatial data and of geographic information system software and tools by state agencies and local governments;
Establish standards for the appropriate publication of geospatial data and metadata; and
Provide for a coordinated community of geospatial data providers and geospatial data users in Delaware.
29 Del. Code, § 9141
DGDC Has Been a Success
Organized and published a series of data sets that make-up a digital base map of Delaware: Aerial photography Boundaries Parcels Elevation Geographic Names Land Use/Land Cover Transportation Water Features
DGDC Has Been a Success
Created one of the first online GIS data portals – The Delaware DataMIL
Presented a digital topographic map of Delaware
Always up to dateAlways available on-line
DGDC is Becoming More Formal
Updated legislation in 2007 to create an Executive Council of the DGDC
Now re-organizing to establish high-level GIS data policy
Council includes cabinet-level leaders, counties, municipal governments and others
But What about Everyone Else?
There has been a long discussion about defining a base map for the whole US We call it the National Spatial Data Infrastructure –
The NSDIWho is in charge of this?
Parts come from different states and from different federal agencies
Many varied partnershipsThere is a Federal Geographic Data
Committee And a National Geospatial Advisory Committee
Too many chiefs?
And The States are Organized
State GIS Coordinators from almost all states have joined together as the National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)
To make sure all the states are organizedAnd partnering with
the federalgovernment
And the private sector
Which Brings Us To…
GOOGLEBing MapsMapQuestAnd Many More
Anything Look Familiar Here?
Where Does Google Get Its Data?
Background orthophotos for Delaware on Google Maps (and Earth) are from Delaware’s 2007 ortho project
They are aggregating publicly available data into their own version of the NSDI
This isn’t necessarily a bad thing.. They are getting it done But who is legally responsible?
For Example
The Judy V is a Charter Boat sailing out of The Indian River Inlet – off of Inlet Road, south of Dewey Beach
Crowd-Sourced Data
Increasingly, data is being created by regular folks As hobbyists As part of data projects As a by-product of social media activity
Who Will Build The NSDI?
NGAC Chair Anne Hale Miglarese (Paraphrased): Unless there is significant investment in the next few
years, the private sector will own the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
TechCrunch writer Erick Schonfeld: These efforts at creating an underlying database of
places are duplicative… It is time for an open database of places which all companies and developers can both contribute to and borrow from. But in order for such a database to be useful, the biggest and fastest-growing Geo companies need to contribute to it.
Where Do We Go From Here?
Cities and counties are now creating and maintaining very accurate GIS data
States are aggregating and organizing that data
Almost everyone makes GIS data freely available
The federal government intends to organize a National Map
The private sector is already doing it, but in separate silos
The open-data community is also involved
What Does That Mean for You?
Be aware of the many conflicting interests at play
Don’t just trust the map data on the screenIf you’ve a mind? Join in and help make this
data even betterDemand coordination of your local, state and
political leadersHave fun
MIKE MAHAFFIEDATA COORDINATOR
STATE OF DELAWARE OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING COORDINATION
mmahaff ie@gmai l . comsta tep lann ing .de laware .gov
b i t . l y / cexEA l
tw i t te r. com/mmahaff ietw i t te r. com/nsgc
tw i t te r. com/de lawareGIS
GIS, Geospatial Data and You
(or, Why Google Maps Works)
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