government terms
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Government TermsGovernment Terms
Autocracy: One PersonAutocracy: One Person◦Citizens have little control over the
government ◦Power is in the hands of one person
Government Forms: 1.Dictatorship
Examples: Germany’s Hitler, U.S.S.R.’s Stalin, Czar Nicholas II in Russia
2.Absolute Monarchy – one king in power with complete controlExamples: France’s King Louis XVI, Spain’s King Ferdinand
Autocracies of the WorldAutocracies of the World
Oligarchy: A Small GroupOligarchy: A Small GroupOnly a few people in a small group of
royalty, wealth, family, or military influence make political decisions for the country’s people.
Government Forms:Communism – a small group controls
all the economic resources and government
Examples: former Soviet Union, Cuba, China
Democracy: The CitizensDemocracy: The CitizensThe citizens have a say in their
government by voting in elections.
Most democracies today are republics, where the people elect leaders to represent them in the government.
Most countries in the world are democracies.
Democratic GovernmentsDemocratic GovernmentsThere are two predominate forms
of democratic governments◦Parliamentary◦Presidential
Both are designed to represent and protect the rights of the people
Presidential DemocracyPresidential Democracy◦Citizens usually vote for members of
the executive AND legislative branch Citizens directly vote for the leader
◦A single person is elected as the leader
◦The president is both head of government (chief executive) and head of state
Examples: U.S.A., Russia, Mexico
Parliamentary DemocracyParliamentary Democracy◦Citizens vote for members of the
legislative branch, and then the legislature chooses the leader
◦Head of government and head of state are TWO different people
Examples: United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia
Parliamentary System
Presidential System
Executive Legislature
CitizensCitizens
Legislature
Executive
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Elect
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Why Do We Have Why Do We Have Governments?Governments?
All countries require governments to function.
Governments provide laws, structure, public services, and national defense.
There are different types of governments:◦democracies◦republics◦monarchies◦dictatorships
How Is Power Shared?How Is Power Shared?
FederalConfederationUnitary
Federal GovernmentFederal Government
Federal– Power is shared by a powerful central government and the state or local governments.
States or provinces are given considerable self rule, usually through their own legislatures.
Examples: › United States› Russian Federation› Germany
Federal Governments of Federal Governments of the Worldthe World(All countries in green)(All countries in green)
Unitary GovernmentUnitary Government
Unitary – a system in which the power is held by one central authority
All power is given to the one branch of government.
Examples:› France› United Kingdom (U.K.)› Sweden› Spain› Former Soviet Union
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Unitary Governments of Unitary Governments of the Worldthe World(All countries in blue)(All countries in blue)
ConfederationConfederation
• Confederation - a system in which power is shared by an alliance or union of political organizations
• Independent states voluntarily work together for some common purpose and agree to certain limits on their freedom of action as a confederation.
• Examples:- European Union- Switzerland
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