gps in africa 2005-2010 christine amory-mazaudier lpp/umpc/polytechnique/cnrs christine...

GPS IN AFRICA2005-2010

Christine Amory-MazaudierLPP/UMPC/Polytechnique/CNRS

christine amory@lpp.polytechnique.fr

ISWI meetingEGYPT 6-10, November 2010

Outlines

• IHY project 2005-2009– Training on GPS and Space weather / Schools

» Conclusion n°1

– GPS network» Conclusions n°2a , n°2b

– Training and Research/ PhD » Conclusion n°3

• ISWI project 2010-2012

• Use of GPS for ionospheric studies -> review presented in COSPAR available -> out of the scope of this paper.

• IHY PROJECT • 2005-2009IHY PROJECT in AFRICA

2005-2009

ISOC chaired byTim Fuller-Rowell (NOAA)

Sunanda Basu (Boston University)

Inquiry of interest : Answers

Countries•Benin 1•Burkina Faso 1•Cameroon 2•Ivory Coast 1•Egypt 1•Ethiopia 1•France 3•Kenya 1•Nigeria 3•Republic C.A 1•Senegal 1•South Africa 1•Tunisia 1•RDC 1•Zambia 1

•15 countries/14 in Africa 20

Scientific topics

•Atmospheric studies 8/ (8 scientists)•Low atmosphere Troposphere (7)

»Water content ->»Assimilation of data -> models »Thermodynamics

•Upper Atmosphere (1)»Thermospheric winds

•Ionospheric studies 16/ (13 scientists)

•Scintillations (2)•TEC, Electronic densities, F layer (2)•Ionospheric disturbances, magnetic storms, equatorial anomaly (1)•Tides, waves (1)•Assimilation of data -> IRI model, models (2)•Flares (1)•Study of Ionosphere (7),

•Geodesy 2/ (2 scientists)

30N

0

30S

210E 240E 270E 300E 330E 0 30E 60E 90E 120E 150E

Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaboration

30N

0

30S

210E 240E 270E 300E 330E 0 30E 60E 90E 120E 150E

Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaborationExisting SitesExisting Sites UN IHY SitesUN IHY Sites Other/collaborationOther/collaboration

IHY GPS NETWORKS

SCINDA -> Scintillation Network Decision Aidwww.fas.org/spp/military/program/nssrm/initiatives/scinda.htmKeith GROVES -> e.mail : Keith.Groves@hanscom.af.mil

CAPE VERDE JULY 2006Participants from Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Côte d’Ivoire, Congo, NigeriaCameroun ….

SCINDA NETWORK => organisation of schools in the framework of the project

AMMA network -> Olivier BOCKOlivier.Bock@aero.jussieu.frJusqu’à fin 2010/until end of 2010

Tamanrasset -> protocole with the CRAAG

AMMA data -> IGS in 2 yearsfree for everybody

http://www.amma-international.org

IHY GPS NETWORKS

SCHOOLSorganized in the framework of AMMA project

Meeting in Addis Abbaba 2007 : Decisions120 participants/72 African scientists

N° 1 TRAINING on GPS and Space Weather• ICTP school -> earlier 2009 senior scientists, post graduate, students

• A. Marhous (Egypt/Africa)• S. Radicella ( ok ICTP/Europe) (March 23-April 9 2009 / April 2010)• P. Doherty (USA/America)

• UN schools• Morocco (ok GNSS training started on October 19, 2010 -> 9

months)• Nigeria (ok November 2009 …)

• National Schools : South-Africa (ok), Ethiopia (ok), Kenya (oK)

• Training in the frame of a project• SCINDA (ok the last in Kenya, July 2010)• GIRGEA (ok Congo Brazzaville December 2009 – Egypt

September2010)

• Individual training .GIRGEA (ok ENST France July 2010 Burkina Faso, Congo Brazzaville

Côte d’Ivoire)

~50 participants from 9 countries Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria,

Uganda, Zambia

ICTP School/ Pat Doherty and S Radicella

~ 30 students from Congo Brazzaville, RDC, Ivory Coast

BRAZZAVILLE December 2-11 , 2009 LOC chaired by : Bienvenue DINGA

French spoken school

Conclusion n°1

• Concerning training on GPS or participation to workshop, we are successfull

• Request for schools in French

24 countries/54 countries in AfricaAlgeria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cameroon,

Congo Brazzaville,Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Lybia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, R.D.C., Senegal, South Africa,

Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia

+ 3 countriesGabon,Mali,RCA

GPS NetworksDecisions ->Addis Ababa 2007

45 GPS + 6 => 47

Development of GPS network over AFRICA

-To increase the existing permanent GPS networks or install new network-* SCINDA-* IGS-* AGREES-To maintain the AMMA GPS network after 2009

-To develop national networks-* South Africa-* Nigeria-* others African countries

UNITED NATIONS

GPS Networks involved in IHY

30N

0

30S

210E 240E 270E 300E 330E 0 30E 60E 90E 120E 150E

Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaboration

30N

0

30S

210E 240E 270E 300E 330E 0 30E 60E 90E 120E 150E

Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaborationExisting SitesExisting Sites UN IHY SitesUN IHY Sites Other/collaborationOther/collaboration

AMMA GPS networkis still operating

SCINDA GPS network was increased

AGREES GPS network was not financed

NATIONAL PERMANENT NETWORKS

not involved in IHY

• Egypt 9• Morroco 12 (dual ?)• South Africa ~40• Benin 6• Future -> Burkina Faso 9

(financed)• Future -> Niger 9

(financed)

• Réseaux de GPS / GPS networks• Sur Internet pour tous/ On the web for

all• IGS• http://sopac.ucsd.edu• http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov or http://

igs.ensg.ign.fr• NOAA et UNAVCO• http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS• http://www.unvaco.org

To update

+9+12

+9

Conclusion n°2a

• Concerning permanent GPS networks in AFRICA

• Necessity to work with other scientific communities which are increasing their GPS networks

• IGS 19 AMMA 6• UNAVCO 10 SCINDA

9?• NGS/NOAA/CORS 10 OTHER 2• TRIGNET South Africa ~40• Egypt 9• Morocco 12 (type?)• Future Niger and Burkina Faso 18• Total 109 + 17

Conclusion 2b

• We do not succeed:• to have the data in real time on the web• To share the data with all• The exchanges of data are made through

agreements

Training and Research : examples

GIRGEABurkina Faso

1 professor, 1 scientist, 6 students Congo Brazzaville

1 scientistCôte d’Ivoire

4 professors, 3 scientists, 6 studentsEgypte

1 professor, A scientist 13 studentsRDC

1 scientist, Vietnam

1 professor, 1 scientist, 6 students

• Necessity of co -directors of PhD from other countries

Work in an International Laboratory :International programmes

Observation of the whole planet (satellite and ground measurements)

Many data bases with gap in specific areas

Missinginstruments

Instruments

No Experiment inspecific area

Large data bases with a good coverage of the whole planetThere is a necessity for global studies in Earth’s environment

We organize Campaigns of measurements at places where data are missing

Work in an International Laboratory : LWBTo share data and knowledge

•Personnel in an open structure of existing laboratories

Scientistsstudents

Scientistsstudents

Scientistsstudents

Scientistsstudents

L1

L2L3

L4Scientistsstudents L5

1 studentL6

1 scientist

L7

Research managing team Communicating informations (letter) Driving individuals, Solving problems

Burkina Faso/Space Science

• 1 Professor from Burkina Faso (F. Ouattara) and 6 students

• Professors from other countries• Pr A. Elias, /Argentina -> Long term variation of

ionosphere• Pr M. Lehuy , IGP/Vietnam -> GPS studies• Pr A. Richmond, NCAR/USA -> TIEGCM model• Pr J. Richardson, MIT/USA -> Solar Physics• Pr R. Fleury, ENST/ France -> GPS signal processing• Pr J-P. Legrand, INSU/France -> Geomagnetism and solar

actvity, History of Geophysics• Pr C. Amory-Mazaudier, LPP/France -> Electrodynamics

and Dynamics of ionosphere

Conclusion n°3

• We need more Professors to train in AFRICA

• The students work in their country and visit the countries of their PhD supervisors. They work in the framework of a cooperative scientific programme between the different countries or partners involved.

• The PhD is defended in the country of the student in front of an international Jury

• The PhD is based on papers already published in international journals.

ARICAN ORGANISATIONS

• CAMES• 17 countries -> training in the Universities

(French spoken) -> coordinator Prof. F. Ouattara

• UNITED NATIONS SCHOOLS– Morocco -> Prof. A Touzani (French spoken)– Nigeria -> Prof. P. Okeke (English spoken)

• AGS : AFRICAN GEOSPACE SOCIETY Next meeting of the scientific board in November

2010 in Abuja / Nigeria (Prof B. Rabiu)

• IHY PROJECT • 2005-2009ISWI PROJECT in AFRICA

2010-2012

ISOC chaired byJoseph Davila (NASA)

Nat Gopalswamy (NASA)

International Space Weather Initiative 2010-2012

http://www.iswi-secretariat.org

TRANSDICIPLINARY SCHOOL IN EGYPT September 2010 ~ 30 participants

LOC chaired by Prof. Ayman Mahrous

Prof. Hassan Ahmed : khalil -> khalil_hassaahmed@yahoo.com

NRIAG

It is necessary

• In each country :• To work at a national level• To connect all users of GPS in the same country• To develop interdisciplinary studies to install

permanent GPS networks

• New regional projects • In the framework of international projects as ISWI to

increase the GPS stations

Research programmes IRD-STDF

1) Definition of a project forMonitoring the water vaporAlong the Nile with GPSNetwork and complementary instruments networks and related informatics

GPS StationsMeteorological StationsGPS signal processingMeteorological modelsHydrological models

Etc….2) Space Weather satellite cooperation between France and Egypt

3) Training of studentsSchoolsPhDMasters

General Conclusion

• Next schools • RDC -> September 2011• Morocco -> December 2011

• Scientific projects

• To develop African Websites for information concerning African activities

• AGS -> African Geospace Society

• New inquiry to be done