graham white dod-afpmb usda-ars-cmave university of...

Graham White DoD-AFPMB USDA-ARS-CMAVE University of Florida

AIs exempt under FIFRA 25(b)

1 Castor oil (U.S.P. or equivalent)*

2 Cedar oil

3 Cinnamon and cinnamon oil*

4 Citric acid*

5 Citronella and Citronella oil

6 Cloves and clove oil*

7 Corn gluten meal*

8 Corn oil*

9 Cottonseed oil*

10 Dried Blood

11 Eugenol

12 Garlic and garlic oil*

13 Geraniol*

14 Geranium oil

15 Lauryl sulfate

16 Lemongrass oil

17 Linseed oil

18 Malic acid

19 Mint and mint oil

20 Peppermint and peppermint oil*

21 2-Phenethyl propionate (2-phenylethyl propionate)

22 Potassium sorbate*

23 Putrescent whole egg solids

24 Rosemary and rosemary oil*

25 Sesame (includes ground sesame plant) and sesame oil*

26 Sodium chloride (common salt) *

27 Sodium lauryl sulfate

28 Soybean oil

29 Thyme and thyme oil*

30 White pepper

31 Zinc metal strips

*also exempt from pesticide residue tolerance requirements

Note: public health products must be effective

bedbugs

• Economic loss due to discarding furniture,

• loss of business, lawsuits,

• high pest control cost.

methionine

• Resistance to alternatives.

• Alternatives may have non-target effects.

E. Weeks, J. Baniszewski, A. Berro, S. Allan, B.R. Stevens & J. Cuda

Evaluation of methionine as a larvicide, and its potential for use in mosquito IPM

Image: James Newman UF

• An “Essential Amino Acid” (obligatory in diet of mammals and other animals)

• Livestock feed supplement in feedlots

• Synthesized by plants and microorganisms

• Mosquito diet requires some methionine

• Why would an essential amino acid make a good mosquito larvicide?

Methionine

• Insects could detoxify

• Essential amino acids are integral to the diet

• Detoxification not beneficial

• Concerns over giving insects an advantage

• Certain amino acids block amino acid transporters in insect gut causing mortality

Rationale

• Cation-Anion modulated Amino acid Transporter with Channel Properties

• Cloned from caterpillar midgut

• Electrolyte and organic-solute homeostasis

• Alkaline conditions are necessary (gut lumen)

• Oral ingestion is necessary

CAATCH1

METHIONINE AS A PESTICIDE

• Natural, biodegraded

• Low or no risk to vertebrates

• Inexpensive

• Efficacy demonstrated in preliminary experiments with Aedes aegypti

• Other species?

Images: James Castner

• Mosquitoes from CMAVE colonies

• Aedes albopictus

• Anopheles quadrimaculatus

• Culex tarsalis

METHODS

Images: Joseph Berger www.bugwood.org; Sean McCann and James Caster UF

• All species, all stages increased mortality

• All species, all stages decreased pupation

• Anopheles quadrimaculatus increased sensitivity to methionine

• Aedes albopictus and Culex tarsalis increased sensitivity to BTi

CONCLUSIONS

• Lepidopteran larvae pests

– Tobacco hornworm – proven efficacy

– Diamondback moth – proven efficacy

– Citrus caterpillar pests – proven efficacy

• Colorado potato beetle – proven efficacy

• Nematodes

– Strawberry – proven efficacy

– Turf grass – proven efficacy

– Impatiens – proven efficacy

OTHER POTENTIAL USES - TERRESTRIAL

• Ladybird beetle – no effects

• Weevil – no effects

• Greenbug parasitoid – no effects

• Honey bee – no effects

– No effect through contact

– No effect through ingestion (acute or chronic)

TERRESTRIAL NON-TARGETS

• Alissa Berro and Julie Baniszewski

• Sandra Allan

• Bruce Stevens, Jim Cuda and Scotty Long

• Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology

• Dr. Salvador Gezan, SFRC, UF

• Mosquito Research Foundation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

http://mosquitomate.com

Project Proposal and Request for IR-4 Biopesticide Project Funding to Support Implementation of an Invasive Aedes aegypti Field-Trial Control Project Using Wolbachia Induced Conditional Sterility September 2, 2014 Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of Dengue, Yellow fever and Chikungunya viruses, and two of these human diseases are a present threat to the US. This mosquito was detected for the first time in the summer of 2013 in California in the cities of Clovis, Madera and Menlo Park. Ongoing collections in 2014 confirm the ability of this mosquito to successfully overwinter in California. Recent bioassays show the Clovis population to be highly resistant to pyrethrins (Anthony Cornel, UC Davis, personal communication). Prior work shows that naturally occurring Wolbachia bacteria can cause a form of conditional sterility in Ae. aegypti. Experimental Use Permits (EUP) have been applied for and granted by the EPA for the use of Wolbachia as a biopesticide against Ae. albopictus (KY, CA, NY and FL) and Ae. polynesiensis (AS). We request IR-4 Program support to help obtain an EPA EUP to field-test Wolbachia as a biopesticide against Ae. aegypti in California, where imported cases of Chikungunya and Dengue have occurred. This mosquito is known to have transmitted Dengue and Chikungunya viruses autochthonously in Florida. A rapid decision by IR-4 on support of Wolbachia biopesticide against Ae. aegypti is important, because near-term deployment, while the infestations are relatively small, will increase chances for successful eradication and reduction campaigns against this important disease vector. In addition to the California population, a successful Wolbachia biopesticide will be useful in additional states and US territories, e.g., Puerto Rico and American Samoa. Sincerely, Steve Mulligan smulligan@mosquitobuzz.net Manager, Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District President, American Mosquito Control Association Wolbachia/Aedes aegypti project collaborators: Leonard Irby leoi_mmvcd@unwiredbb.com Manager, Madera County Mosquito and Vector Control District Vicki Kramer, Ph.D. vicki.kramer@cdph.ca.gov Chief, Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health Anthony Cornel, Ph.D. ajcornel@ucanr.edu University of California Davis Stephen Dobson, Ph.D. sdobson@uky.edu University of Kentucky Robert Rose, Ph.D. rirose1@juno.com Biotechnology Regulatory Consultant

Wolbachia pipientis

• Prevent tickborne disease. CDC estimates >300,000 human Lyme disease cases/year.

• Many other diseases also increasing. • Multiple species of ticks. • Efficacy data desperately needed on MRNP and

biopesticide alternatives to synthetic chemicals. • This topic is a high-priority of the Public

Integrated Tick Management working group.

O p p o r t u n i t y !

Emma Weeks, Lucas Carnohan, Sandra Allan and Phillip Kaufman

Sensitivity of the brown dog tick to fungal pathogens

Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, ARS, USDA

• pest of dogs

• transmits pathogens

• problem indoors/outdoors

• present throughout the U.S.

• worldwide distribution

• acaricide resistance

BDT IMPORTANCE

http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/brown_dog_tick.pdf

• overcome acaricide resistance

• use aggregation to disseminate

• indoor environment

• natural

• non-toxic

• environmentally friendly

FUNGI for bdt control?

• two commercial fungal formulations – Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma)

– Beauveria bassiana (Bb)

– two controls (blank, control)

• treat filter papers (8x8 cm) with formulations (1 mL)

• dry for 2 h

METHODS

• expose nymphs for 30 min

• hold individually until death

• hold individually for sporulation

• 3 replicates, 5 packets, 5 nymphs

methods

Successful infection of BDT with both Ma and Bb

RESULTS - infection

Metarhizium anisopliae

Beauveria bassiana

• both formulations killed BDT

• Bb-infected BDT more likely to sporulate

• slow death - LT95 Bb 27 d, Ma 33 d

• controls - LT95 65-70 d

conclusions

Green separation of Catnip oil (insect repellent)

Chauhan, K. R. and Zhang, A. Methods of separating Z,E-nepetalactone and E,Z-

nepetalactone from catnip oil. U. S. Patent 7,375,239 B2. 5/20/2008

Biobased lactams

Chauhan, K. R. and Paraselli Bheema Rao, Lactams: Biorational insect repellent

lactams derived from camphor and verbenone. USPTA, SN: 13/826,431 (2013)

Dolicholactone

From Cat thyme

Camphor lactam DH verbenone lactam Dolicholactams

4-(1,5-Dimethylhex-4-enyl)

cyclohex-2-en-1-one