graphic design “the computer as an educational tool: productivity and problem solving” ©richard...
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Graphic DesignGraphic Design““The Computer as an The Computer as an
Educational Tool:Educational Tool: Productivity and Problem Productivity and Problem
Solving” Solving”
©Richard C. Forcier and ©Richard C. Forcier and
Don E. DescyDon E. Descy
IntroductionIntroduction• Design principlesDesign principles• Visual elementsVisual elements• Basic letteringBasic lettering
Four Design Four Design PrinciplesPrinciples
• BalanceBalance• EmphasisEmphasis• SimplicitySimplicity• UnityUnity
1. Balance1. Balance
FormalFormal InformalInformal
2. Emphasis2. Emphasis• The key The key part part should be should be easy to easy to find.find.
Emphasis Emphasis (Continued)(Continued)
• Arrows or other directing Arrows or other directing devicedevice
• Bright colorsBright colors• Contrasting colorsContrasting colors• Size of elementSize of element• Different shapesDifferent shapes
3. Simplicity3. Simplicity
• Fewer Fewer elements elements are more are more pleasing pleasing to the to the eye.eye.
Simplicity Simplicity (Continued)(Continued)
• Fewer elements betterFewer elements better• 15–20 words maximum15–20 words maximum• Bold, simple drawingsBold, simple drawings• Easy lettering stylesEasy lettering styles
4. Unity4. Unity• The different The different
elements of a elements of a design should design should convey a convey a continuity of continuity of thought.thought.
Visual ElementsVisual Elements• LinesLines• Shapes Shapes • Color and contrastColor and contrast• TextureTexture• Space and sizeSpace and size
1. Lines1. Lines
• Use lines Use lines to direct to direct viewer viewer through through words or words or space.space.
2. Shapes2. Shapes• Shapes are Shapes are
used to provide used to provide clearer clearer communication communication and universal and universal understanding.understanding.
3. Color and 3. Color and ContrastContrast• Research has Research has
indicated that indicated that the the appropriate appropriate use of color use of color can make a can make a visual more visual more attractive to a attractive to a viewer.viewer.
Color and Contrast Color and Contrast (Continued)(Continued)
• Use harmonious colorsUse harmonious colors• Gives separationGives separation• Good for emphasisGood for emphasis
4. Texture4. Texture• Replaces Replaces
sense of sense of touchtouch
• Used like Used like color for color for emphasis or emphasis or separationseparation
5. Space and Size5. Space and Size
• There are There are two types two types of space:of space:– Positive Positive – NegativeNegative
Basic Lettering Basic Lettering GuidelinesGuidelines
• SizeSize• Type style (font)Type style (font)• SpacingSpacing
Size, Font, SpacingSize, Font, Spacing
SIZE SIZE SIZESIZE
STYLESTYLE STYLESTYLE STYLESTYLE
This vertical spacingis too close together
for effective legibility.This vertical spacing
is too far apart for
effective legibility.
This spacing appliesthe general principles
relating to verticalspacing.
Lettering SizesLettering Sizes• Nonprojected:Nonprojected:
1/2 inch for each 10 feet 1/2 inch for each 10 feet of viewing distanceof viewing distance
• Projected:Projected:
36 point font size (this 36 point font size (this is 40)is 40)
LetteringLettering• 2/3 fonts or sized2/3 fonts or sized
• Sans-serif Sans-serif Sans-serifSans-serif• 3–6 words on 3–6 lines3–6 words on 3–6 lines• Optical spacingOptical spacing• Upper- and lowercaseUpper- and lowercase
Questions?Questions?
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