green technology
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Together for Sustainable Future
RECENT TRENDS IN
GREEN TECHNOLOGY
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SUBMITTED BY,SHRUTHI.K ,PALB 4195,JUNIOR MSc,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY
It is a technology which is environmentally friendly, developed and used in such a way so that it doesn’t disturb our environment and conserves natural resources.
It is also known as environmental technology and clean technology
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WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY
“Green Technology” is a system that uses innovative methods to create an environmental friendly products
It uses renewable natural resources that never depletes, so future generation can also benefit from it.
It can effectively change waste pattern and production in a way that it won’t harm the planet.
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GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
• Reduce
• Recycle
• Refuse
• Renew
• Responsibility
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GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
1. REDUCE
Fuels
Waste
Energy consumption
Wastage of clean water
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GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
2. RECYCLING
Paper
Plastic
Cans
Batteries
Clothing
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GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
3. RENEWING
Renewing Energy:
1. Wind power
2. Water power
3. Solar Energy
4. Bio-fuel
Waste water
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GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
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4.REFUSE
Refuse the use of plastic bags
GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
5. RESPONSIBILITY
Don’t waste electricity –Switch off electrical equipment when not required.
Don’t waste water – Never leave taps open while brushing or washing dishes.
Don’t waste fuel
Don’t waste food – Don’t cook extra food and throw, always keep in mind that there are million in the world starving without food
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BRANCHES OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Green Chemistry
Green Energy
Green IT
Green Building
Green Nanotechnology
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
The term green chemistry was coined by Paul Anastas in 1991
Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry.
The invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use of hazardous substances.
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Ex:
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1.Supercritical carbon dioxide.It is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where
it is held above its critical temperature and critical pressure.
Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at standard temperature and pressure (STP), or as a solid called dry ice when frozen.
It behaves as a supercritical fluid above its critical temperature (304.25 K) and critical pressure (72.9 atm ).
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USES
In laboratories, supercritical carbon dioxide is used as an extraction solvent.
Ex: In determination of total recoverable hydrocarbons from soils, sediments, fly-ash, and other media.
Supercritical carbon dioxide is used to remove organichloride pesticides from agricultural crops without adulterating the desired constituents from the plant matter in the herbal supplement industry (Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China).
Ex: DDT, Dicofol, Aldrin
Supercritical carbon dioxide can also be used as a more environmentally friendly solvent for dry cleaning.
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PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY
Prevent waste.
Less hazardous chemical synthesis.
Safer chemicals and products.
Safer solvents and reaction conditions.
Increase energy efficiency.
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DFE(DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT)
EPA's Design for the Environment (DfE) works in partnership with industry, environmental groups, and academia to reduce risk to people and the environment by finding ways to prevent pollution.
DfE has evaluated human health and environmental concerns associated with traditional and alternative chemicals and processes in a range of industries.
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WHAT DOES THE DFE LABEL
MEAN?
EPA allows safer products to carry the Design for the Environment (DfE) label. This label enables consumers to quickly identify and choose products that are safer for them, their families, and the environment.
When you see the DfE logo on a product it means that the DfE scientific review team has screened each ingredient for potential human health and environmental effects .
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IDENTIFICATION OF SAFER CHEMICALS
Chemicals are marked as a
Green circle ( )- The chemical is safe to use and it doesnot cause any harm to human health and environment.
Ex: citric acid
Green half-circle( )The chemical is expected to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data.
Ex: Aspartic acid, Monosodium –D-glucoheptone
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Yellow triangle – ( )This chemical has some hazard issues.
Ex: Terpinolene, Methyl benzoate
Grey square - ( )This chemical will not be acceptable for use in products.
Ex: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate and Benzyl alcohol (Flagged on 20/12/2013 for removal from list in 12 months)
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GREEN ENERGY
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GREEN ENERGY
Green energy comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat.
These energy resources are renewable.
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TYPES OF GREEN ENERGY
Solar power
Wind power
Water power
Geothermal energy
Biofuel
Biogas
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SOLAR POWER
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).
It can be used for pumping water, refrigeration, communication, and charging batteries .
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In 1955 the first solar car invented was a tiny 15-inch vehicle created by William G. Cobb of General Motors Called the Sunmobile.
Samsung India launched the first solar-powered phone, the Solar Guru 1107, which allows users to charge the phone anywhere the sun is shining.
1 hour of solar charging gives you 5 to 10 minutes of time to talk.
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SOLAR ROAD
Netherlands on 12/11/2014 unveiled the world's first solar bike path, a revolutionary project to harvest the sun's energy that could eventually also be used on roads.
The so-called "SolarRoad" bike path is made of concrete modules each measuring 2.5 by 3.5 metres embedded with solar panels covered in tempered glass.
To help prevent accidents, the glass has been given a special non-slip surface.
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WIND POWER
Wind turbines converts the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power that runs a generator to produce clean electricity.
wind energy contributes only 1% of global electricity generation.
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In 1920 Betz showed that the maximum power that may be a captured by a wind machine is 59.3% of the incoming energy in the wind.
The amount of electricity produced by one turbine depends on its size and quality of wind resource.
A typical 2-megawatt turbine, when placed in an appropriate wind resource, can provide enough emissions-free electricity to power about 500 average homes for a full year.
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WATER POWER
Hydroelectricity:-
Hydroelectricity uses the energy of running water to make Electrical energy.
Hydro-electric stations are built where there is Running water is stored.
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The amount of electricity generated is determined by the volume of water and the amount of "head" (the height from the turbines in the powerplant to the water surface) created by the dam. The greater the flow and head, the more electricity is produced.
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WAVE POWER/TIDAL POWER
Waves are generated by the wind as it blows across the sea surface. Energy is transferred from the wind to the waves.
Wave energy has the potential to be one of the most eco friendly forms of electricity generation.
The first tidal power station was the Rance tidal power plant built over a period of 6 years from 1960 to 1966 at La Rance, France.
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The pelamis is an offshore wave energy converter that uses the motion of waves to generate electricity.
The machine operates in water depths greater than 50m and is typically installed 2-10km from the coast.
On average one machine will provide sufficient power to meet the annual electricity demand of approximately 500 homes.
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Pelamis wave energy converter
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
The term Geothermal originates from two Greek words 'GEO' and 'THERM'.
The Greek word ‘geo’ means the earth and ‘therm’ means heat from the earth.
Geothermal energy is energy derived from the heat of the earth.
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BIOFUEL
Fuel made from biological sources like Straw, Wood, Wood waste, Sugarcane and By products from agriculture industry.
Ex: corn, sugarcane, soybean
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GREEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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GREEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Also called green computing it describes the study and the using of computer resources in an efficient way.
Green IT starts with manufacturers producing environmentally friendly products and encouraging IT departments to consider more friendly options like virtualization, power management and proper recycling habits.
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GREEN BUILDING
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings and their use of energy, water and materials and reducing building impacts on human health and environment through better design, construction, operation, and maintenance.
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MATERIALS USED FOR GREEN
BUILDING
Less volatile organic compounds paints.
Bamboo flooring.
Woven wool for carpeting.
Ecological concrete. (special admixture, dicalcium silicate: 2CaO.SiO2, instead of cement).
Paper insulation panels.24/11/2014BCM 501
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1.BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTRE, MANAMA
It is the first skyscraper in the world to integrate wind turbines into its design.
The turbines supply about 15 percent of the electricity used by the skyscraper approximately the same amount of electricity used by 300 homes.
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2.SKYSCRAPER FARMING
A futuristic concept converts skyscrapers into crop farms that could help reduce global warming, improve the urban environment, and help feed the world’s growing population.
How it would work
SOLAR PANEL- Energy is supplied by a rotating solar panel that follows the sun; drives interior heating/cooling system.
GLASS PANEL- Clear coating of titanium oxide collects pollutants and makes rain slides down the glass where it is collected and used for watering.
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ARCHITECTURE- Circular design allows maximum light into centre.
ECONOMY- The plan combines farming with office and residential stories.
IRRIGATION- Filtered, sterilized wastewater from sewage system can be used for irrigation.
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3.NATIONAL LIBRARY, SINGAPORE
Building is oriented away from the east-west sun, combined with sun shading features on the west face of the building as an additional shield against solar heat gain.
An open area between the two blocks, which allows natural ventilation and day lighting.
Extensive landscaping, and roof gardens are utilized to lower local ambient temperature.
Use of rain sensors as part of the automatic irrigation system for rooftop gardens.
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4.RESIDENCE ANTILIA, MUMBAI
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This is 70 storey, 570 foot tall tower is a home for a single family, that of Indian Mukesh Ambani.
The tower has been designed by perkins in 2010.
The design is innovative with rooftop gardens.
5.INDIA TOWER ,MUMBAI
India Tower, (formerly known as “Park Hyatt Tower“), the 74-storey, 301 meter tall mixed-use residential and hotel tower has officially begun construction.
The 882,000 sq ft tower has set a number of records ranging from “Mumbai’s Tallest” to “India’s First Supertall” to “India’s Greenest Skyscraper.”
Solar shading, natural ventilation, daylighting, rainwater harvesting are used in this building.
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GREEN NANO TECHNOLOGY
Green nanotechnology refers to the use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental sustainability of processes producing negative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability.
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Ex: One major project that is being worked on is the development of nanotechnology in solar cells. Solar cells are more efficient as they get tinier and Nanotechnology is already used to provide improved performance coatings for photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal panels.
PV covered with nanotechnology coatings are said to stay cleaner for longer to ensure maximum energy efficiency is maintained.
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WHAT IS LEED RATING
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) created a program called: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
Five key Areas:
Sustainable site development
Water savings
Energy efficiency
Materials selection
Indoor environmental quality.
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Then certifies
Certified:29-36 points
Silver:37–43 points
Gold:44–57 points
Platinum: more than 57
Platinum:58–79 points
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LETS CHECK SOME EXAMPLES OF
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
CONSTRUCTIONS AND VEHICLES
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1.SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED-PUNE
Suzlon Energy Limited, ranked as the world’s fifth largest wind turbine supplier.
It has been LEED ‘Platinum’ rated and certified as an eco-friendly building by the Green Building Council.
Built to perfection on an area of 41,000 square meters (10.13 acres),
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2.BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INDIA LTD
(BCIL) - BANGALORE
Biodiversity Conservation India Pvt. Ltd. (BCIL) is an organisation that provides lifestyle solutions that focus on sustainable methods of creating zero energy homes that will not be a burden for the environment.
The company’s TZedhomes in Whitefield, Bangalore has been certified as the first residential apartment in the world to be rated ‘Platinum’ under LEED.
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TZed, which means “Towards Zero Energy Development” is a 2,49,000 sq.ft. green project spread across 5.5 acres and is designed to reduce lighting and energy by nearly 70 per cent.
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3.RAJIV GANDHI INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT - HYDERABAD
India’s first Greenfield airport is undeniably among the top 10 green buildings in India and the first airport in Asia to be awarded the LEED ‘Silver’ rating certification by US Green Building Council.
Featuring 100,005 sq. m. of glass encased terminal, this green building ensures optimal use of natural light and minimal wastage of electricity or energy consumption.
Yet another of its green features includes the recycling of treated wastewater for landscaping, air conditioning and flushing requirements. 24/11/2014BCM 501
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4. NOKIA- GURGAON, HARYANA
Among India’s most sustainable buildings is the corporate office of Nokia in Gurgaon which has been granted accreditation as one of the world’s leading green buildings by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).
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This is the first time that a commercial interior fit-out project in India is being awarded the Green Building Award and prestigious LEED ‘Gold’ rating.
What makes this green office stand out from the rest is its smart lighting and ventilation systems, high-efficiency chillers, high-performance double glazing, heat recovery wheel, green guard certified furniture and online CO2 monitoring system.
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5.ITC GREENCENTRE – GURGAON, HARYANA
Considered as one of the early adopters of the green building movement in India.
ITC Green Centre is still considered a benchmark for green buildings.
It was the first 'Platinum' rated building in India . 24/11/2014BCM 501
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Within a built-in area of 180,000 sq.ft., the building features alternative transportation facilities, storm water management system, solar thermal technology, minimal exterior lighting, separate smoking rooms with exhaust system and zero-water discharge
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6.THE DRUK WHITE LOTUS SCHOOL -LADAKH
In this desert landscape of severe climatic conditions, 3,500 meters above sea level, was born a modest school that is adjudged as an outstanding example of sustainable, green, cost effective building development.
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This multi-award winning structure is the recipient of the Best Asian Building, Best Education Building and Best Green Building awards.
7.LA CUISINE SOLAIRE –AUROVILLE, TAMIL NADU
One of the most innovative green buildings in the country is the solar kitchen at Auroville that best demonstrates the use of solar energy to produce steam
This 1700 sq. m. kitchen is named thus because of the huge 15 diameter solar bowl that has been fixed at the top of the structure to harvest solar energy
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On a clear day, this green structure can generate enough steam at a temperature of 150°C that can be used to cook meals for 1000 people, three times a day.
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8.BRYANT PARK TOWER GETS LEED PLATINUM CERTIFICATION
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World's first office tower to reach the USGBC's highest
rating
9.VW SUCCESSFULLY TESTS HYDROGEN VEHICLE IN LONG
RANGE DRIVE
Volkswagen recently successfully tested its new Bora It’s a hydrogen vehicle that means it uses Sun fuel system .
The main features are:
A clean synthetic diesel called SunFuel.
It has one of the lowest emissions of any car in the world.
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GREEN RESOURCES AND
ORGANIZATIONS
1.Environmental Protection Agency
2. Green Power Partnership
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3.Energy Star 4.GGEC
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5.U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
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NATIONAL POLICIES FOR GREEN
TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
New and Renewable Energy Plan,(2011-2017).
Electricity Act, 2003. amended in 2004 and 2007.
National Bio-fuel mission,2003.
The Government of India approved the National Policy on Biofuels in December 2009.
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was launched on the 11th January, 2010.
Through these provisions India aims to meet 20% of countries total requirement of energy from renewable sources by 2020.
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INSTITUTES/AGENCIES UNDER THE
MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE
ENERGY. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
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REFERENCES
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_technology
http://in.usgbc.org/leed US green building council.
http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdf-docs/industrial-green-chemistry-initiatives-in-india.pdf
green chemistry and environmentally friendly technology
www.hessen-nanotech.de/mm/nanoenergy_web.pdf
http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/biofuel_policy.pdf
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STOP POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT
WITH THE PRESENT TECHNOLOGIES
SWITCH TO
!!!
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