hand tools and instruments

Hand Tools And Instruments

Objectives

• Identify various hand tools and

equipment.

• Explain their specific functions

• Demonstrate proper use of tools and

equipment

Classification of Electrical Tools

*Hand tools

These are tools manipulated and

operated by our hands without the

use of electrical energy

1. Screwdrivers

These are hand tool made out of tool

steel hardened and tempered at the tip.

They come in various sizes and shaped

which are used to turn or drive screws

with slotted heads. The different types of

screwdrivers are :

Screwdrivers

Standard Screwdrivers

The blade tip of this screwdrivers is

formed into wedge to fit with slotted

head screws. The handle may either

be wood or plastic.

Screwdrivers

Stubb Screwdriver

The tip is similarly shaped like the tip

of the standard screwdriver but short

shank or blade and also shorter

handle which is made of plastic.

Screwdrivers

Phillips Screwdriver

The blade tip is recessed to fit with

the recessed head screws. The handle

may either be plastic or wood.

Screwdrivers

Offset Screwdriver

A screwdriver which is used to drive

or loose screws in tight places.

Especially useful on cars and

machines.

2. Nutdrivers

These are hand tools which is used to

tighten or loosen nuts and are used for

situations where crews head were not

accessible. They come in various sizes

and shapes which are used to turn or

drives screws with slotted heads

Nutdrivers

Standard Nutdriver

The head of this hand tool is

hardened and tempered and is

formed with a hole. The hole at the

head shaped to fit stove bolt nuts.

Nutdrivers

Hex Nutdriver

These hand tool has a head with hole

that shaped the same with hex

screws.

3 Pliers

These are used for cutting and twisting

wires and to grip small parts. Pliers

should not be used for loosening or

tightening bolts and nuts because the

serration of the jaws around off the

corners of the bolt head or nut causing a

wrench to slip thereafter.

Pliers

Mechanical Pliers

This is used for cutting larger sizes of wire

and for holding flat or round stock.

Pliers

Standard Electrical Pliers

It is manufactured for light, medium and

heavy duty work for cutting and bending

electrical wire and small nails.

Pliers

Long Needle-nose Pliers

It is used for cutting and holding fine

wires; can reach into tight space.

Commonly used by electricians to make

terminal loops in cooper wire.

Pliers

Long Chin-nose Pliers

Commonly used to bend square edges of

sheet metal and for bending and holding

small size of wire.

Pliers

Diagonal Sidecutting Pliers

This is used for cutting medium sizes of

wires. It is also used for bending small

pieces of soft metal.

Pliers

Round Nose Pliers

Used to bend leads of components and to

install retaining rings which are a type of

fastener used in assembling parts.

4. Wire Stripper

A special tool used for removing

insulation of medium-sized wires and can

remove the insulation of rubber covered

wires varying from gauge no. 26 to gauge

no. 10.

5. Electrician`s Cutter (blade)

It is used by linemen to remove insulation

of big cables in high and low voltage

transmission lines.

6. Wire Gauge

It is a special tool used in sizing wires.

The Brown and Sharpe gauge (B&S), and

lately called the American Wire Gauge

(AWG) can measure from gauge no. 0 to

gauge no. 36 of solid wire.

7. Hammer

Classified either as hard or soft faces. The

cylindrical shaped head hammer has a

hard face for striking hard objects like

cold chinsel, star drill and nails. The

cylindrical shaped soft face hammer is

made of plastic or hard rubber used in

rewinding job.

Claw Hammer

It is used to drive or to pull out nails in

the piece of wood.

Ball Peen Hammer

It is used to flatten surfaces of metal, to

straighten wires, to straighten metals,

and for riveting metals.

Soft Faced Hammer

It is used for rewinding jobs like forming

coils, assembly and disassembly of

motors.

8. Wrench

These tools are used to turn nuts or hold

the piece of stock when tightening screws,

nuts and bolts.

Adjustable Wrench

It is handy and can quickly be adjusted

for sized to grip piece of stock. Adjust the

claw firmly and make certain the wrench

is set so that the pull on the handle is

toward the bottom side. This relieves

heavy pressures on the adjustable jaw.

Vise-Grip Wrench

A special wrench which can be locked on

to an object and will grip it with great

pressure. The round knurled knob in the

end of the handle is screwed in out to

adjust the jaws to the size of the object

which is to be gripped.

Open-end Wrench

This is a handy wrench but not as

dependable as a box wrench. This wrench

grasps the nuts on only two of its flat

sides, and is subject to slipping under

heavy pull.

Box Wrench

It is an excellent tool as it grips the nut on

all sides. This reduces the chances of

slipping with resultant damage to the nut

and possibly the hand.

Allen Wrench

The end tip is shaped hexagonally to fit

the same shape of the screw to tightened

or loosened.

9. Center Punch

It is used for making metal parts so that

they can be correctly re-assembled as well

as for marking and centering on metal

part to bore holes.

10. Hack Saw

It is used for cutting small and medium-

sized metals. Most hacksaw have

adjustable frames, so that the saw can be

used blades of different sizes. The blade

should always be fitted with the teeth

pointing away from the handle.

11. Hand Drill and Bit

It is used for boring holes on small and

medium-sized metals.

12. C-clamp

It is manufactured in many sizes and is

used for clamping and holding parts

together while they are being assembled.

13. Pipe Cutter

It is used to cut small sized of pipe. It has

three small round cutters made of

hardened steel. The pipe cutter is slipped

over the pipe where the cut is to be made;

the cutter is then pressed against the pipe

and rotated around to cut a grove until

the pipe is cut.

14. Electric Soldering Iron

It is utilizes electricity to heat the copper

tip. Used to solder joints and terminal

connections. The sizes of electric soldering

iron are given in watts, and the voltage for

source of connections.

15. Electric Soldering Gun

The contour shape of this tool is similar to

a hand gun with hard copper wire as

soldering tip. This is used to solder joints,

and terminal connections. The sizes vary

from 50 watts to more than 1000 watts.

16. Bench vise

It is used to hold pieces of stock for hand

tool operation such as filling, drilling,

cutting, bending, reaming, threading, and

tapping. Vises are made of different sizes.

All vises consist essentially of fixed jaw,

movable jaw and handle.

17. Push-Pull Tape Rule

It is a measuring tool calibrated in

English and Metric measurements. It is

generally used to measure distance of a

flat surface.

18. Tin Snip

This hand tool is generally used for

cutting thin sheets of metal.

19. File

This is made out of a carbon steel with

brittle and sharp teeth, used to smoothen,

remove rough surfaces or edges of metals.

Files have different sizes and shapes of

blade with wooden handle. It is

manufactured in flat, half-round and

round file.

20. Riveter

This hand tool is used generally to fasten

two pieces of thin sheet metal. It is done

by means of inserting a rivet in the

common hole of two sheet metals. The

riveter presses the rivet firmly to fasten

two sheet metals.

Machine Tools

These are tools which are operated and

manipulated by our hands with the used

of electric energy

1. PCB Drill

A handy drill powered by either a 9 volt or

12 volt of direct current. It is generally

used to drill holes into copper foil

corresponding to the leads of the

components to be connected.

2. Portable Electric Drill

A small drilling machine with a chuck

capacity of ¼” and 3/8”. It is used to bore

holes on lighter metal works.

3. Drill Press

It is used to bore holes on metal light or

heavy work. This is usually a heavy duty

drilling machine installed permanently in

a shop.

Electrical Measuring Instruments

They are precision measuring instruments

which are used to measure currents,

voltages, wattages, resistances, and other

important elements in

electrical/electronic works.

1. Voltmeter

It is an instrument that measures the

voltage of electrical pressure of a circuit.

The unit of measure is volt (V). This

instrument is connected across the

circuit.

2. Ammeter

It is a n electrical measuring instrument

used to measure the amount of electrical

current (A). It is connected along the

circuit.

3. Ohmmeter

It is an instrument used to measure the

resistance of a circuit or device. The unit

measure is ohm (Ω). It is connected across

the circuit or load.

4. Wattmeter

It is an instrument used to measure the

electrical power of a circuit. The unit of

measure is watt (w). It is connected in

series-parallel with the circuit.

5. Frequency Meter

It is an instrument used to measure the

speed of alternating current or direct

current in a circuit. The unit of measure

is cycles per second or hertz (CPS or Hz).

It is connected in series with the circuit.

6. Galvanometer

An instrument used to measure small

voltage in a circuit. The unit of measure is

volt (V). Usually it has a zero center

indicator it is connected in parallel with

the circuit.

7. Oscilloscope

It is an instrument used to measure and

show the waveform of alternating current

or voltage following in a circuit. It is

connected in parallel with the circuit or

load.

8. Volt-Ohm-Milli-Ammeter

It is also called the multi-tester or the

multi-meter. It is used to measure either

the voltage, current or resistance of a

circuit. It is connected either in parallel or

series with the circuit depending on what

to measure.

9. Amprobe

It Is also called the clamp-ammeter or

tong tester. Use to measure current

following in a conductor. It is connected

or clamped on the conductor.

Care and Maintenance of Tools

1. Wipe or clean after every use with a

clean and soft cloth to remove dirt.

2. Keep all tools in a tool room or tool rack.

3. Tools should be applied with appropriate

oil to prevent them from rusting.

Care and Maintenance of Tools

4. Drill tools should be sharpened

properly if they are dull.

5. Tooth cutting tools should be

sharpened as often as necessary.

6. Never drop tools especially precision

instruments or testing tools.

Care and Maintenance of Tools

7. Except hammers, never use tools as

hammers.

8. Never use screwdrivers as wood chisel

nor cold chisel.

9. If necessary, never file the soldering tip

of soldering copper

Care and Maintenance of Tools

Wipe the tip with a neat soft cloth to

remove dirt.

10. Do not overheat the electric soldering

iron.

11. Never use dull tools, it will cause

harm to your work or yourself.

Care and Maintenance of Tools

12. Always issue or lend tools with

receipt.

13. Tools borrowed should be returned in

good condition, otherwise it should be

replace with a new and of the same kind.