harvard referencing for criminology

An Introduction to ReferencingHarvard Referencing StyleCriminology

Susan McGlamery

Susan.Mcglamery@uwl.ac.uk

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What is referencing and why should I do it?

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• Acknowledge when using someone’s work

• To make clear to the reader that this idea is not your own

• Demonstrate breadth of reading• Support your argument and

make your assignment more academic.

• To allow you, your tutor and other readers to retrieve the documents cited

• To avoid accusations of plagiarism

What is referencing and why should you do it?

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What is plagiarism?

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Plagiarism

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“Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement.”

(University of Oxford, 2015)

Plagiarism

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• Using someone’s work without clear acknowledgement

• Paying someone to write your essay

• Collusion

• Poor paraphrasing and summarising

• Self Plagiarism

Paraphrasing thoughts

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Your work flows better if you learn to put different authors’ ideas in your own words

You can use some key words and phrases but the key is understanding meaning and significance

Be careful not to change the odd word here or there. Direct quote if you can not paraphrase

Always use a reference

Summarising thoughts

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A brief statement of the main points of an article, web page, chapter or book, known as a summary

Only lists the main topics or headings

Most of the detailed information is left out

Always use a reference

How to avoid plagiarism?

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• Take effective notes

• Don’t leave it to the last minute

• Keep a note of the sources used

• Paraphrase and summarise properly

• Reference accurately

Avoid Plagiarism

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Harvard Referencing

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In-text citation

Reference list

Correctly referenced

A reference consists of …

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Acknowledgment in your text directly after you have quoted or used someone

else's words or ideas.

Helps the reader locate the correct reference from the

reference list.

List of the full bibliographic information about the source

you have used.

Helps the reader know exactly what information you

used, and how to find it.

You must give both parts of the reference to avoid the

charge of plagiarism!

In Text CitationsDirect Quoting“Academics in their own writing cite the work of others to respect the original thinking and consequent ownership of that work” (McMillan and Weyers, 2013, p.16)

Paraphrasing• It its important to cite the work of other academics in your assignment in

order to acknowledge their ownership and respect the original work. (McMillan and Weyers, 2013, p.16)

• McMillan and Weyers (2013, p.16) state that it is important to cite the work of other academics in your assignment in order to acknowledge their ownership and respect the original work.

Harvard Referencing

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Full Reference• Follow a specific template depending on source you have

used e.g. book, journal article etc.

Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (2013) Organizational behaviour. 8th edn. Harlow: Pearson.

Harvard Referencing

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When to cite?

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• Distinctive ideas• Distinctive structure or

organising strategy• Information or data from

a particular source• Verbatim phrase or

passage• If it’s not common

knowledge• Whenever in doubt, cite

it!(Greetham, 2015)

When to cite

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• If you make a legal proposition always give the authority on which that proposition is based. This will normally be a primary source (a reported

case or legislation).• Commentary about the law can be found in a secondary

source (textbooks or articles)

• When making a primary legal proposition do not cite a student textbook as authority.

For legal materials

Cite Them Right

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• From the Library homepage, go to Databases A – Z

• Select “C” then Cite Them Right Online

UWL uses Cite Them Right Online

19UWL PPT Guidelines - Version 2 - February 2015

Book

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Use cite them right to make the:

-In text citation

-Full reference

Book

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In text Citation

(Cottrell, 2013)

Full reference list

Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Book

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Journal Article

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Use cite them right to make the:

-In text citation

-Full reference

Journal Article

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In text Citation(Badcock, Pattison and Harris, 2010)

Full reference listBadcock, P., Pattison, P. and Harris, K. (2010) ‘Developing generic skills through university study: a study of arts, science and engineering in Australia’, Higher Education, 60(4), pp. 441-458.

Journal Article

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Website

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You have been using the following website in your studies:

http://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/10-effortless-ways-to-beat-first-term-stress-at-university-9841312.html

Website

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In text Citation

(Garlick, 2014)

Full reference list

Garlic, L. (2014) 10 effortless ways to beat first term stress at university. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/10-effortless-ways-to-beat-first-term-stress-at-university-9841312.html (Accessed: 18 August 2015).

Website

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Legal materials: UK Legislation

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Citation order:• Title of Act including year and chapter number (in

italics)• Country/jurisdiction (only if referencing more than one

country's legislation)• Available at: URL• (Accessed: date)

UK legislation

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In-text citation• In chapter 7 of recent social care legislation (Health and Social

Care Act 2012) ...

Reference list• Health and Social Care Act 2012, c. 7. Available at:

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/contents/enacted (Accessed: 23 August 2012).

OR if you use the pdf version:

• Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/pdfs/ukpga_20120007_en.pdf (Accessed: 23 August 2012).

UK Legislation

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• Oxford

• Standard for

• Citation of

• Legal

• Authorities

For cases: use OSCOLA

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Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884

Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd

[2008] UKHL 13

[2008] 1 AC 884

Pre-2001 case, with no neutral citation:R v Leeds County Court, ex p Morris [1990] 1 QB 523 (QB)Pinpointing a specific page: R v Leeds County Court, ex p Morris [1990] 1 QB 523 (QB) 530-31

Citing cases

Party Names

Neutral citation (for cases after 11/01/2001

Law reports citation

• All judgments in the High Court and above are now assigned a unique “neutral citation” by the court which helps identify cases which have been published on the Internet even when they have not been reported in a law report series

Neutral Citations

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• Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884

UKHL = UK House of Lords (neutral citation)

AC = Law Reports, Appeal Cases

Guides to legal abbreviations:• Index to legal citations and abbreviations, Raistrick

• Cardiff online guide: http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/

Tip: legal abbreviations

• Law Reports (AC, QB, Ch, Fam)

• Weekly Law Reports (WLR)

• All England Law Reports (All ER)

• Specialist law reports (Lloyd’s Law Reports, Industrial Cases Reports, Criminal Appeal Reports)

• Unreported cases: use the neutral citation, if available

Law reports: order of authority

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Example: case

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Tip

Use round brackets if the year is not needed to identify the correct volume, for example (2003) 167 JP 621. If in doubt which to use, hide the date with your finger and ask yourself whether you could still find the report in the library. If you can, then use round brackets; if not, use square brackets.

In-text citation:

The case of Campbell v MGN Ltd  [2004] concerns an invasion of privacy lawsuit brought by supermodel Naomi Campbell against the publisher of the ‘Mirror’.

Reference list:

Campbell v MGN Ltd  [2004] UKHL 22; [2004] 2 A.C. 457

Example: Campbell v MGN Ltd

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Reference List

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• should be listed in alphabetical order of author’s surnames

• If author is presented as anonymous, use the abbreviation ‘Anon’

• If produced by a company /organisation, use the initial letter of organisation’s name to sort

Citing sources in the Ref. List

Any Questions?

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Contact Susan McGlamerysusan.mcglamery@uwl.ac.uk

Greetham, B. (2015) Referencing and avoiding plagiarism. Available at: http://www.palgrave.com/studentstudyskills/page/referencing-and-avoiding-plagiarism/ (Accessed: 18 August 2015).

Oxford University (2015) Plagiarism. Available at: http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism (Accessed: 18 August 2015).

References

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