hazardous waste operations and emergency response - awareness 29 cfr 1910.120 revised july 2000

HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND

EMERGENCY RESPONSE - AWARENESS

29 CFR 1910.120

Revised July 2000

Objectives Define your role at the Awareness level? “Clues” to be gathered upon discovering an

incident. Be able to read placards and labels. Able to read and interpret the DOT book. Able to implement site security and control. Understand the basics of an Emergency Response

Plan

Role of First Responder - Awareness

29 CFR 1910.120(q)

• Likely to witness or discover release.

• Trained to initiate emergency response.

• Take no further action .

FIRST RESPONDER AWARENESS LEVEL

• Understand what hazardous materials are and their risks in an incident.

• Understand the potential outcome of an emergency created when hazardous materials are present.

• Ability to recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an emergency.

• Ability to identify hazardous materials if possible

• Role of the First Responder in the Emergency Response Plan including site security & control and DOT’s Emergency Response Guidebook.

• Ability to realize the need for additional resources and to make appropriate notification to communication center.

HISTORY Superfund Amendments and

Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)– allocated funds to develop health and safety

training for workers involved in transportation, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste.

Hazard Recognition

Definitions

Hazardous substance: “OSHA”

Hazardous waste: “EPA”

Hazardous material: “DOT”

Hazardous Substance - OSHA

A substance which may result in adverse affects on the health and safety of employees

A substance included as a hazardous material by DOT and as a hazardous waste by EPA

Hazardous Waste - EPA

Poses unreasonable risk to health, safety or property when transported in commerce for the purposes of treatment, storage, or disposal as waste

Hazardous Material - DOT

Any substance or material in any form or quantity which poses an unreasonable risk to safety and health and property when transported in commerce

Chemical Hazards Flammable Corrosive Reactive Toxic Sudden Release of Pressure (explosion)

– detonation and deflagration

Physical Hazards to Employees Radiation Electricity Stress Heat/Cold Slips, trips, falls Steam & Chemical clouds

Biological Hazards Infectious Hospital Waste Research Materials Raw sewage (hepatitis A, E-coli) Bites from vectors (ticks, rats, wild dogs)

Modes and Routes of Entry Mode

Inhalation

Ingestion

Injection

Absorption

Route

Respiratory System

Gastrointestinal Sys.

Skin

Skin

Health Effects Acute

– body response at time of exposure, typically a high concentration, or a few days after exposure.

Chronic– body response takes a long time after

repeated or prolonged exposures.

Definitions PPM TLV PEL REL TWA

C STEL IDLH OSHA ACGIH NIOSH

Inhalation Hazard?

Handy rules of thumb– vapor pressure

» <10 mmHg slow» 10-50 mmHg medium» >50 mmHg fast

– evaporation rate » <0.8 slow» 0.8 - 3 medium» > 3 fast

Target Organs Nephrotoxin - kidneys Hepatotoxin - liver Neurotoxin - CNS Hemotoxin - blood Mutagenic - genetic material Teratogenic - fetal deformities Carcinogenic - cancer causing

Factors of Toxicity Time & Frequency (TWA, STEL) Route by which exposure occurs Physical & chemical form of the substance Dose delivered

Components of Combustion

Fuel Oxidizer

Ignition Sources

Fire & Explosion Characteristics

Fire & Explosive Characteristics Sources of Ignition

Cigarettes

Welding

Grinding / Cutting

Unprotected electrical equipment

Open flames

Hot surfaces

Static electricity

Oxidizing chemicals

Classes Of Fires Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

Class A/Ordinary Combustible -Extinguish with water

Class B/Flammable Liquids. Use a Dry Chemical Extinguisher

Class C/Electrical Equipment. Use a CO2 Extinguisher

Class D/Combustible Metals. Use a Dry Powder Extinguisher

Terminology: Flammable Flash Point Ignition Auto Ignition Lower Flammability

Limit

Upper Flammability Limit

Combustible Flammability Range Oxidizers

Flammable vs. Combustible Flammable

– A liquid with a flash point below 100oF (Source: 29 CFR

1910.106)

– A liquid with a flash point below 141oF (Source: DOT)

Combustible A liquid with a flash point at or above

100oF but below 200oF (Source: 29 CFR 1910.106)

A liquid with a flash point at or above 141oF but below 200oF (Source: DOT)

Hazard Identification

Labels and Placards Other Documentation (MSDS) Container Shape

Labels and Placards

DOT System

NFPA System

HMIS System

1831

COR

DOT System Shipping papers Markings Labeling Placarding

Shipping Papers Proper shipping name Hazard class (9 classes) Identification number Packing group Container type Quantity Shipper data Emergency phone number

Markings

Proper shipping name Identification number Address of the shipper

Labels & Placards Graphic representation of the hazard Labels on packaging/containers Placards on the outside - ends & sides of

trucks, rail cars, freight containers

NFPA SYSTEM

• Diamond-shaped

• Color-coded in 4 small diamonds

Blue Health risk

Red Flammability

Yellow Reactivity

White Special information

• Number-coded in the red, blue, and yellow diamonds

Health Hazard4-Deadly

3-Extremely Hazardous

2-Hazardous

1-Slightly Hazardous

0-Normal material

Specific Hazard

Oxidizer OX

Use NO WATER W

Chemical NameChemical NameFire HazardFlash Points

4-Below 73 F

3-Below 100 F

2-Below 200 F

1-Above 200 F

0-Will not burn

Reactivity

4-May detonate

3-Shock and heat may detonate

2-Violent chemical

change

1-Unstable if heated

0-Stable

HMIS

Hazard Materials Identification System

• Rectangular

• Color-coded

Blue Health risk

Red Flammability

Yellow Reactivity

White Special information/PPE

Hazard Materials Information Sheet

Health

Reactivity

PPE

Flammability

NFPA vs. HMIS NFPA is geared for fire emergencies HMIS is geared for everyday use NFPA and HMIS numbers are often in

conflict (especially health and reactivity) HMIS includes necessary PPE NFPA includes special hazards

Other Documentation MSDS

Shipping Containers

Shipping Papers (Bill of Lading)

How hazardous is it?? Percent by weight How volatile it is (vapor pressure) Lowest exposure limit Physical form Route of entry Chronic vs. acute Where is it? (out in open, confined area)

Manufacturer’s Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, and ZIP Code)

Telephone Number for Information

Date Prepared

Signature of Preparer (optional)

Manufacturer’s Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, and ZIP Code)

Telephone Number for Information

Date Prepared

Signature of Preparer (optional)

Material Safety Data SheetMaterial Safety Data SheetIdentify (As Used on Label and List)

Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.

Identify (As Used on Label and List)

Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.

Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97

Hazardous Ingredients/Identity InformationHazardous Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity; Common Name(s)

OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other Limits Recommended

%Optional

Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97

Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR 1) Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor

Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR 1) Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor

Physical/Chemical CharacteristicsPhysical/Chemical Characteristics

Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97

Fire and Explosion Hazard DataFire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL UEL

Extinguishing Media

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL UEL

Extinguishing Media

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97

Hazard Communication 96-97Division of Safety & Hygiene

Reactivity DataReactivity Data

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

Hazardous May Occur Conditions to Avoid Polymerization

Will Not Occur

Hazardous May Occur Conditions to Avoid Polymerization

Will Not Occur

Hazard Communication 96-97Division of Safety & Hygiene

Health Hazard DataHealth Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Hazard Communication 96-97Division of Safety & Hygiene

Precautions for Safe Handling and UsePrecautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions

Hazard Communication 96-97Division of Safety & Hygiene

Control MeasuresControl Measures

Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical Other

Protective Gloves Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Work/Hygienic Practices

(General)

Containers

Types of Containers Drums and Totes Above ground tanks Underground tanks Tanker trailers Ponds or lagoons Compressed gas cylinders

Container Inspection Symbols, words or markings identifying the

content Signs of deterioration - corrosion, rust,

leaks, crystallization around opening (peroxides)

Signs of container under pressure - bulges & swelling

Drum type Drumhead configuration

North American Emergency Response Guidebook

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

Yellow Section

•ID # - United Nations # (Numerical Order)

•Guide # - Orange Pages

•Material Name

Blue Section

•Material Name (Alphabetically)

•Guide Number (Orange Section)

•ID #

Orange Section

•Potential Hazards - (Fire/Explosion, Health)

•Public Safety - (Notification, PPE, Evacuation)

•Emergency Response -(Fire, Spill/Leak, First Aid)

Green Section

•Table of Initial Isolation and

Protective Action Distances

• Small And Large Releases

• Day And Night

Emergency Response Plan

ERP

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS

Elements:

• Emergency escape procedures & route designations

• Procedures for employees who stay to operate critical operations before they evacuate.

• Accountability procedures for all on-site personnel.

Elements continued:

• Rescue and medical responsibilities

• Fire and emergency reporting

• Emergency call list for notification and assistance

• PPE & emergency equipment

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS

RISK ASSESSMENT

•Probability of an unwanted event.

•Hazards associated with event.

•Control measures.

Hierarchy of Controls:

A. Engineering

B. Administrative work practices

C. Respirators and PPE

Engineering Controls Pressurized cabs on heavy machinery Control booths Remotely operated material handling

equipment

Work Practices Remove all non-essential personnel Wetting down dusty operations Locating employees upwind of possible

hazards

The potential risk from the many hazardous properties of any particular material will vary depending on the conditions during the emergency.

In addition to being able to recognize what has already happened in an emergency, it is necessary to recognize the potential for other problems i.e. a small fire could develop into an explosion.

For an Emergency Response Plan to be effective, it requires

pre-planning Training or exercise (Table Top) critique/follow-up.

Additional Resources

A first responder must become familiar with the capabilities and limitations of the emergency response team in order to determine the need for additional help or resources.

SITE SECURITY AND CONTROL

• Safe distances

• Evacuation & isolation

• Places of refuge

Site Security & Control cont.

• point of entry

• site maps

• area entry logs

• boundaries

Site Security and Control cont.

• Accessibility of potential routes

• Multiple evacuation routes

• Mark evacuation routes

• Make escape routes known to all

COMMUNICATIONS

----First Responder - Awareness has the ability to make appropriate notifications to the communications center.

Communications

Internal

bells

whistles

telephones

sirens

pagers

megaphones

bullhorns

compressed air horns

site alarms

PLUS . . .

colored flags

flares

hand signals

lights

signal boards

External Forms of Communication

Telephone hookups

Cell phones

Radio