health promotion for older persons
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Health Promotion for Older Persons
Dra. Magaly OjedaVida Senior CenterWashington DC. USAmagaly66@gmail.com
ARE THERE MODERN STRATEGIES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION?
Key Points:
The evolution of health promotion has become an increasingly powerful tool in the hands of society.
The political framework of active aging is a health promotion strategy.
Advances in health promotion strategies should be approved for the promotion of active aging.
Turning Plans into Action
PROMOTION
EQUITY
Determinants of health
OPPORTUNITY
SOCIAL CAPITAL
Community Participation
The Concept of Promotion
Health promotion consists of providing communities the means to improve their health and exercise greater control over it. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations to satisfy their needs and to change or adapt to the environment. The objective is not to create a perceived health, but rather to enrich everyday life.
Ottawa letter for the promotion of healthOMS. Ottawa, 1986
Evolution of a Strategy
First Conference: Ottawa, Canada, 1986 Main message: New definitions of health
Second Conference: Adelaide, Australia 1988Main message: Public policies for health
Third Conference: Sundsvall, Sweden, 1991Main message: Environments for health
Fourth Conference: Jakarta, Indonesia, 1997Main message: Determinants of health: New challenges
Fifth Conference: Mexico City, Mexico, 2000Main message: Decreasing the equity gap.
Evolution of a Strategy
Sixth Conference: Bangkok, Thailand, 2005 Main Message: Determinants of health and globalization
Seventh Conference: Nairobi, Kenya, 2009 Main message: Promotion of health in the policial development agenda.
World Conference on Social Determinants of Health: Río, Brasil, 2011Main message: Governance in favor of health and development
Eighth Conference: Finland, 2013 Main message: Health in politics.
The world has changed
An unprescedented speed
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
% p
opu
lati
on
ag
ed 6
5 y
ears
an
d o
ver
year
France Mexico
Increase in the older adult population over 56 years in France and Mexico
Barbados is part of this process
The challenge of aging and health
The aging population is one of the greatest triumphs and also one of the biggest challenges facing humanity. Health is part of this challenge.
Making the result of this process positive will depend on the coherent and integrated action in all sectors.
The public health sector should assume conceptual advances in health promotion to understand and face this challenge.
Active aging as a health promotion strategy
Active aging is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and secuirty in order to improve the quality of life as people age.
Conceptual Framework
World Health Organization, 1999
Active Aging
ActiveHealthy
Functional
Colin A. Depp, Ph.D., and Dilip V. Jeste, M.D. Definitions and Predictors of Successful Aging: A Comprehensive Review of Larger Quantitative Studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
14:6-20, January 2006
ACTIVE AGING
Physicalenvironment
Personaldeterminants
Behavioraldeterminants
Social determinants
Economic determinants
Health and social services
culture
sex
Determinants of Active Aging
Functional capacity and the life course
Help people to continue living independent and active lives.
Strengthen promotion and health prevention. Increase the quality of life. Avoid the breakdown of health and social systems. Balance the care of persons who need assistance
between the family and the state. Recognize and support the important role of taking
care of others.
To ensure active aging:
Pillars of Active Aging
Active aging should grow as a strategy
Inserting aging in health promotion strategies
What do we have for 2014?
Public Policy
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Older Persons (1999)
International Plan of Action on Aging (2002), Chile International Agreement (2003), the Brazil Declaration (2007) and the San Jose Letter (2012)
The Regional Strategy and Plan of Action on Aging and Health 2009-2018 (2009)
World Health Day (2012) Advancement toward the Convention on the Rights of
Older Persons
Other Tools
Promoting the creation of age-friendly environments
Promoting the creation of favorable environments
Strengthening Community Action
Essential components to healthy aging:Physical activityMental activitySocial activitySocial Commitment: Productive and significant
roles in society
Only in the community and with the community can we achieve this
The reorganization of health services. (The problem)
Health systems were not constructed for the management of chronic disease.
Chronic diseases last for many years and are long-term problems..
The most significant diseases are affected by our personal context and behavior, which the system cannot entirely support.
Older persons oftentimes have multiple complex needs, complicated by the influence of health determinants.
The reorientation of health services (How to solve the problem)
Design health services that satisfy the needs of persons with chronic diseases.
Planned and integrated care. Patients who are conscious of the management of
their disease. Continuous attention to the promotion of health and
quality of life. Access to medicine and appropriate technologies.
Other Tools
Developing personal skills (The problem?)
Health behavior is the cause of many premature deaths. People need to be educated on health material and have
support from other people, programs, institutions and specific tools in overcoming their difficulties.
It is difficult for people to start changing their habits and even harder to keep these long-term changes.
It is not enough to simply tell someone to stop their bad habits.
Patients must make their own decisions regarding their behavior and habits.
Developing personal skills (How do we resolve the issue?)
Education on the basic principles of health behavior. This education should be given by those who can relate and should include practical advice, suggestions and ideas.
Understand that different patients have difference needs. Each case is unique.
People go through different stages of change: some are willing to change now, while others may not be ready yet.
Interventions should be based on individual needs and their social and cultural environment.
Developing personal skills (With what?)
We have evidence-based programs (Taking Control of Your Health, etc.) that should:
Offer motivation and confidence en the management of a person’s condition.
Establish goals, plans of action and support from their partners.
Achieve behavior changes that are significant in reaching healthier results – specific, measurable and realistic.
Resolution of problems, review and feedback.
World Health Day 2012
Participation VS Compromise
Provide education and training opportunities throughout the WHOLE life cycle.
Recognize and allow the GUARANTEE of the active participation of people in economic development activities, formal and informal work and volunteer activities as they age, according to their needs, preferences and individual capacities.
Encourage people to participate fully in family and community as they age.
Security
Ensure the protection, security and dignity of older persons while addressing the social security rights and needs of people who are aging.
Reduce inequalities in the security rights and needs of older women.
Convention on the Rights of Older Persons
Measures in various sectors other than health and social, such as education, employment and labor, the economy, social security, housing, transport, justice and rurarl and urban development.
These measures support the goals of improving health through intersectoral action.
This approach emphasizes the importance of the many different public health partners and strengthens teh role of the health sector as a catalyst for action.
Intersectoral action
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