heart activity and ecg

Heart Activity and ECG Francesco Bonadiman

18 December 2014

[diabetesmine.com]

Cardiovascular System?

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Cardiovascular System?

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Cardiovascular System

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Cardiovascular System

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Heart = pump

Cardiovascular System

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Heart = pump

Vasculature = distributes the blood to all

tissues

Cardiovascular System

3/29 [interactive-biology.com]

Heart = pump

Vasculature = distributes the blood to all

tissues

Blood

Transport in the Cardiovascular System

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Transport in the Cardiovascular System

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Transport in the Cardiovascular System

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Transport in the Cardiovascular System

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Transport in the Cardiovascular System

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Double circuit

[biology-forums.com]

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Double circuit

[biology-forums.com]

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Double circuit

[biology-forums.com]

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

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A closer look

Check this link!

Blood vessels

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Blood vessels

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0² + nutrients into tissues metabolic wastes from body

Blood vessels

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0² + nutrients into tissues metabolic wastes from body

100.000 km of vessels

Location

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Location

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ahead of esophagus middle of the lungs

Location

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ahead of esophagus middle of the lungs

base up behind the sternum apex down near the diaphragm

Pericardium

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Pericardium

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double-layered sac covering the heart

Pericardium

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double-layered sac covering the heart

outer: protects + anchors the heart

Pericardium

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double-layered sac covering the heart

outer: protects + anchors the heart

inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall

Pericardium

9/29 [Dr. S. Venkatesan]

double-layered sac covering the heart

outer: protects + anchors the heart

inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall

lubricating fluid reduces friction

Pericardium

9/29 [Dr. S. Venkatesan]

double-layered sac covering the heart

outer: protects + anchors the heart

inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall

Coronary arteries/veins → vessels bringing blood to

myocardium

lubricating fluid reduces friction

Pericardium

9/29 [Dr. S. Venkatesan]

double-layered sac covering the heart

outer: protects + anchors the heart

inner (epicardium): thin membrane attached to wall

Coronary arteries/veins → vessels bringing blood to

myocardium

lubricating fluid reduces friction

[yourprops.com]

Open Heart

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The Heart

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The Heart 4 chambers 2 atria

2 ventricles

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The Heart 4 chambers 2 atria

2 ventricles

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The Heart 4 chambers 2 atria

2 ventricles

right and left do not communicate

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The Heart 4 chambers 2 atria

2 ventricles

right and left do not communicate

12/29 [tokresource.org]

12/29 [tokresource.org]

intercalated discs on the myocardium

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intercalated discs on the myocardium

synchronized contraction

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intercalated discs on the myocardium

synchronized contraction

4 valves: 2 AV 2 SL

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intercalated discs on the myocardium

synchronized contraction

4 valves: 2 AV 2 SL

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intercalated discs on the myocardium

synchronized contraction

4 valves: 2 AV 2 SL

chordae tendineae + papillary muscles

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intercalated discs on the myocardium

synchronized contraction

4 valves: 2 AV 2 SL

chordae tendineae + papillary muscles

13/29 [Pearson Education]

The cardiac valve

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The cardiac valve

Ventricles relax → Valves open → Blood drains

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The cardiac valve

Ventricles relax → Valves open → Blood drains

Ventricles contract → Valves close → Blood blocked

13/29 [Pearson Education]

Check this link!

The cardiac valve

Ventricles relax → Valves open → Blood drains

Ventricles contract → Valves close → Blood blocked

14/29 [Pearson Education]

14/29 [Pearson Education]

Depolarization which contracts the myocardium

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Depolarization which contracts the myocardium

Pacemaker 60-70 bpm

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Depolarization which contracts the myocardium

Pacemaker 60-70 bpm

ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy

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ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy

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reflects the electrical activity

ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy

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electrical impulses → translated into waves

reflects the electrical activity

ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy

15/29 [Wikimedia]

electrical impulses → translated into waves

reflects the electrical activity

events between 2 beats =

cardiac cycle

ECG - ElectroCardioGraphy

15/29 [Wikimedia]

electrical impulses → translated into waves

reflects the electrical activity

events between 2 beats =

cardiac cycle

Different steps

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Cardiovascular System

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Cardiovascular System

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Diastole: heart does not pump, ventricles relax + fill with blood

Cardiovascular System

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Systole: heart pumps, ventricles contract

Diastole: heart does not pump, ventricles relax + fill with blood

Cardiovascular System

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Systole: heart pumps, ventricles contract

Diastole: heart does not pump, ventricles relax + fill with blood

Video

Example of ECG

18/29 [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Einthoven’s Triangle

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Einthoven’s Triangle

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3 electrodes: right arm left arm left leg

Einthoven’s Triangle

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3 electrodes: right arm left arm left leg

3 bipolar leads connecting them

ECG Sensors

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ECG Sensors

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modern ECG: up to 12

[emtresource.com]

ECG Sensors

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modern ECG: up to 12

[emtresource.com]

[cooking-hacks.com]

Emotions

21/29 [nature.com]

recognition through

physiological signals

Emotions

21/29 [nature.com]

recognition through

physiological signals

relations ECG + emotional states

Emotions

21/29 [nature.com]

intensity of the emotion (reaction

to stimuli)

recognition through

physiological signals

relations ECG + emotional states

Emotions

21/29 [nature.com]

intensity of the emotion (reaction

to stimuli)

recognition through

physiological signals

emotion positive or negative (polarity) and degree

relations ECG + emotional states

Parameters

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ECG signal clamp electrodes extract R wave

Parameters

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ECG signal clamp electrodes extract R wave

compute statistical values (mean, median, deviation)

Parameters

22/29 [bodyrecomposition.com]

HR (heart rate) both part of ANS ECG signal

clamp electrodes extract R wave

compute statistical values (mean, median, deviation)

Parameters

22/29 [bodyrecomposition.com]

HR (heart rate) both part of ANS ECG signal

clamp electrodes extract R wave

compute statistical values (mean, median, deviation)

HRV - IBI heart rate variability

Studies

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images/clips 10 seconds

color or b&w

Studies

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images/clips 10 seconds

color or b&w

different levels of arousal and valence

Studies

23/29 [geocities.co]

images/clips 10 seconds

color or b&w

different levels of arousal and valence

COLOR = greater arousal positive rating

Positive / Negative

24/29 [nature.com]

Positive / Negative

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heart decelerates faster with

negative stimuli

Positive / Negative

24/29 [nature.com]

heart decelerates faster with

negative stimuli

heart recovers more quickly from positive emotions

Heart rate changes

25/29 [ACM Rani, P.]

Anger, fear, joy, pleasure heart rate increases

Heart rate changes

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Anger, fear, joy, pleasure heart rate increases Sadness, disgust

heart rate decreases

Heart rate changes

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Anger, fear, joy, pleasure heart rate increases Sadness, disgust

heart rate decreases

frustration incoherent spectrum

Applications

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Applications

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Applications

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Applications

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References (1/2) ▪ Cacioppo J.T. et al., Handbook of Psychophysiology.

Cambridge Univ Press, 2007 (182-210)

▪ Vander et al., Human Physiology: The Mechanism of Body Function. McGraw−Hill, 2001 (382-405)

▪ Slideshare - Circulatory System by CardiacInfo

▪ Slideshare - The Cardiovascular System by Rob Swatski

▪ Slides from Professor Yuri Bozzi, University of Trento, Department of Cibio

▪ Wikipedia, The free Encyclopedia

▪ Monajati M. et al., Emotions States Recognition Based on Physiological Parameters by Employing of Fuzzy-Adaptive Resonance Theory, Scientific Research Open Access, 2012

▪ Rigas G., A user independent, biosignal based, Emotion Recognition Method, 11th International Conference, 2007

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References (2/2) ▪ 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence, Advances

in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence, ICAT, 2006

▪ Wagner J. et al., From Physiological Signals to Emotions: Implementing and Comparing Selected Methods for Feature Extraction and Classification, ICME, 2005

▪ Kim K. H. et al., Emotion recognition system using short-term monitoring of physiological signals, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 2004

▪ Valenza G. et al., Revealing Real-Time Emotional Responses: a Personalized Assessment based on Heartbeat Dynamics, Nature.com Scientific Reports, 2014

▪ Detenber B. H. et al., The Emotional Significance of Color in Television Presentations, Media Psychology, 2000

▪ Anttonen J. et al., Emotions and Heart Rate while Sitting on a Chair, CHI, 2005

▪ Nasoz F. et al., Emotion Recognition from Physiological Signals for User Modeling of Affect, Springer, 2003

▪ Rani P., Psychophysiology-based affective communication for implicit human-robot interaction, ACM, 2005

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