heart failure 3/3 cyborgs are devices implemented in humen beings for new modality of therapy (2)
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. مقرر. الحميدي أحمد د حين 333أ
CYBORGS ARE DEVICES IMPLEMENTED IN HUMEN
BEINGS FOR NEW MODALITY OF THERAPY
Dr SAMIR TAYFOURCONSULTANT CARDIOLOGIST
CYBORG
• Kybernàn= pilotare “steerman”• Cyber+ organism “ hybrid “• Mixture of machin+organism• Norbert Wiener (1947)
. Cybernaut , Cyberspace
. a human being whose body has been taken over in whole or in part by electromechanical devices ; " a cyborg is a cybernetic organism .
Borg (Star Trek)
Cyborg = cybernetics + organismCybernetics or Communication in the human being or animal and the Machine. Based on the Greek “Kybernetics”, meaning “captain”to navigatecybernetics is the science or study of the control or regulation mechanism in human and machine systems, including computers.
What is a cyborg?‘A cyborg is a cybernetic organism, a hybrid ‘mixture’ of machine and organism, a creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction’ – Donna Haraway A Cyborg Manifesto
A human cyborg is a human who has certain physiological processes aided or controlled by mechanical or electronic devices
Cyborg:a science of communication and control processes in animals and automated machines, where the study of control systems , such as the nervous system , in living organisms and the development of similar systems in the electronic and mechanical devices .
Monster or cyborg-object?
Cyborg = Cybernetic Organism
Organism (natural)• Complex, inflexible feedback loop• Too much change – organism will die
Cybernetic (artificial)• Flexible feedback loop• Responsive to stimuli,
able to adapt to survive What does it mean to be human?
Dual chambres pacemaker
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
CRT device:Patients with NYHA Class /Ⅲ Ⅳ
Sympotomatic despite optimal medical therapy
QRS ≥ 120 msec
LVEF ≤ 35%
CRT plus ICD:Same as above with ICD indication
CHF and MRI
• Dimensions
• Contractility, Viability
• Valve function
March 2013 ghennersdorf DGK ESC SES 16
MRI crossectionalsequence of dilated LV
Consequences of contractility due to LBBB
• In DCM, certain areas of the LV wall are contracted (blue) when others are already relaxed (red). Other areas are constrained (yellow)
1980-82:ICD is First implanted patient in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins, Baltimore) and France
(Lariboisière, AP-HP)
Short-lived systems250g, non-programmableAbdominal implant thoracotomy
1966-1980 : works of Dr Mirowski, inventor and designer OF ICD
MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of Metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of Metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). LANCET. LANCET. 1999;353:2001-07.1999;353:2001-07.
Severity of Heart FailureModes of Death
12%12%
24%24%
64%64%
CHFCHF
OtherOther
SuddenSuddenDeathDeath
n = 103n = 103
NYHA IINYHA II
26%26%
15%15%
59%59%
CHFCHF
OtherOther
SuddenSuddenDeathDeath
n = 103n = 103
NYHA IIINYHA III
56%56%
11%11%
33%33%
CHFCHF
OtherOther
SuddenSuddenDeathDeath
n = 27n = 27
NYHA IVNYHA IV
ICD TherapyICD TherapyCLASS I INDICATIONS:CLASS I INDICATIONS:
1.1. Ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF Ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF < 35%, at least 40 days post MI, NYHA class II OR III. < 35%, at least 40 days post MI, NYHA class II OR III. (Strength of (Strength of Evidence = A)Evidence = A)
2.2. Ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF < 30%, at least 40 days post MI, Ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF < 30%, at least 40 days post MI, NYHA class I. NYHA class I. (Strength of Evidence = A)(Strength of Evidence = A)
3.3. Non Ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF ≤ 35%, NYHA class II OR III. Non Ischemic cardiomyopathy with LVEF ≤ 35%, NYHA class II OR III.
(Strength of Evidence = B)(Strength of Evidence = B)
The ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities
HEART SURGERY IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Indications• Bridge to Transplantation• Bridge to Recovery• Destination Therapy
Implantable Ventricular Assist DeviceImplantable Ventricular Assist Device
People Don’t want a LVAD, they want a Heart
The HeartMateII is a continuous flow cardiac assist device. Heart surgeon The HeartMateII is a continuous flow cardiac assist device. Heart surgeon "Bud" Frazier and his team are working with two such devices to develop a "Bud" Frazier and his team are working with two such devices to develop a continuous flow artificial heart. (Courtesy: Texas Heart® Institute) continuous flow artificial heart. (Courtesy: Texas Heart® Institute)
Artificial Heart
Multicenter Trial of the Orqis® Medical Cancion System for the ENhanced Treatment of CHF Unresponsive to
Medical Therapy
Cancion System for Continuous Aortic Flow Augmentation (CAFA)
Continuous Aortic Flow Augmentation (CAFA) Changes Flow Signature in Heart Failure
Backflow against the aortic wall
Forward flow in the center of
the aorta
Early Diastole Early DiastoleWith CAFA
Cardiac TransplantCardiac Transplant
At Groote Schuur Hospital At Groote Schuur Hospital
On December 3On December 3rdrd 1967 1967 Dr CHRISTIAN BERNARD Dr CHRISTIAN BERNARD
Management of Refractory Heart Failure• Inotropic drugs:
– Dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, nitroprusside, nitroglycerin
• Mechanical circulatory support:– Intraaortic balloon pump– Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
• Cardiac Transplantation– A history of multiple hospitalizations for HF– Escalation in the intensity of medical therapy– A reproducable peak oxygen consumption with maximal
exercise (VO2max) of < 14 mL/kg per min. (normal is 20 mL/kg per min. or more) is relative indication, while a VO2max < 10 mL/kg per min is a stronger indication.
Heart transplantation
March 2013 ghennersdorf DGK ESC SES 56
Dick Cheney robot heart watch
Several heart attacks, a bypass, a pump and now a heart transplant
later, Dick Cheney is back in action.Is he a ROBOT NOW ?.
THANK YOU…!!
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