hi 227 russia: 1613-1905. overview course description, requirements main themes i. geographical...
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HI 227RUSSIA: 1613-1905
Overview
Course Description, Requirements
Main Themes
I. Geographical Factors
II. Historical Experience
III. Patterns, Processes
IV. 17th Century Muscovy
V. Conclusions
I. Historical Geography
A. Key determinants1. Size2. Vegetation and soil3. Extreme northern location4. Topography5. Climate6. Mineral resources7. Landlocked
B. Consequences1. Economic 2. Demographic3. Political
MAP OF RUSSIA
II. Historical Experience
A. Pre-Kievan, to 860
B. Kiev Rus, 860-1240
C. Mongol/appanage, 1240-1480
D. Muscovy, 1480-1689
Kiev Rus (862-1240)
Madonna Icon
Boris and Gleb Icon (14th century)
Mongol Conquest 1237-40
Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Nevsky Icon
Andrei Rublev: Holy Trinity1390s
St. Sergius Blesses Dmitry Donskoi (1380)
Russian Growth
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan Groznyi (1937 Film)
Vasilii the Blessed Cathedral
Ivan the Terrible Charter (1552)
Repin: Ivan IV and Son (1581)
III. Patterns, Processes
A. “Eurasia”
B. Myth of autocracy
C. Historical memory
D. Particularism
E. Social inversion
F. Territorial expansion
G. De-russification
IV. 17th-Century Muscovy
A. Intro: 1. Themes
2. Sources
3. Historiography
IV. 17th-Century Muscovy
B. Polity
1. Autocracy as monocracy
2. Rise of bureaucracy
3. Law
4. Army
5. Finances
17th Century Monarchs
• Boris Godunov, Vasilii Shuiskii and others, 1598-1613
• Mikhail Romanov, 1613-1645• Tsar Alexis, 1645-1676• Fedor, 1676-1682• Sofia as regent for Peter and Ivan V, 1682-1689• Peter I, 1689-1725
Boris Godunov (1598-1605)
Mikhail Romanov (r. 1613-45)
Patriarch Filaret (Romanov)
Tsar Alexis
Alexis and Boyar Duma
Zemskii Sobor 1645
Ulozhenie (Law Code) of 1649
Ulozhenie of 1649: Printed Text
Fedor
Sophia
Repin: Sofia at Novodevichii
IV. 17th-Century Muscovy
C. Empire-building
1. Siberia: Eastward expansion
2. Southwest: partial gains
3. South & Northwest: stalemate
Muscovy: 17th Century
IV. 17th-Century Muscovy
D. Economy, Society, Revolt1. Economic recovery2. Social orders:
nobilitytownspeopleclergypeasantry
3. Social Disorders: Urban Revolt Stenka Razin
“Stenka” Razin
Razin: Execution (1672)
Razin Beer
IV. 17th-Century Muscovy
E. Culture1. Emergence of elite, proto-Westernization
2. Schism
Patriarch Nikon
Archpriest Avvakum Icon
Surikov: Boyarina Morozova
Storming Solovetskii Monastery
V. Conclusions: Some Dates and Numbers
Dates988 Adoption of Eastern Christianity1240 Mongol Conquest1480 Emancipation from Mongols1547 Coronation of Tsar Ivan IV (Terrible)1598 End of Riurik Dynasty1598-1613 Time of Troubles1613 Founding of Romanov Dynasty1649 Ulozhenie (Law Code)
Table 1: Population Growth (millions)
Country 1480 1680 1780 1913
Russia 2.5 10.2 27.8 159.0
Britain 3.7 5.5 9.6 41.5
Germany 0.8 1.4 5.5 67.0
France 12.6 18.8 25.1 39.8
Table 2: Population Density (per sq. km)
Country 1500 1680 1913
Russia 5.8 0.2 7.5
Britain 23 32 182
Germany 16 124
US 0.1 12.3
France 31 36 74
Table 3: Urban Population (% of total population)
Country 1800 1890 1920
Russia 3.0 7.2 15.0
Britain 21.3 72.1 78.0
Germany 26.5 37.7 51.4
Table 4: Territorial Growth
Year Area (sq. km.)
1328 1,554
1462 38,849
1553 103,600
1646 14,100,000
1796 16,600,000
1914 21,800,000
Table 5: Population with 1646 Core(percent of total population)
Year % in 1646Core % in Annexed
1646 100.0 0.0
1719` 87.2 12.8
1796 63.6 36.4
1858 54.8 45.2
1897 40.3 59.7
1914 40.9 59.1
Table 6: Ethnic Makeup of Russian Empire
Ethnic Group
1719 1795 1914
Russian 70.7 62.3 44.6
Ukrainian 12.9 19.8 18.1
Belorussian 2.4 8.3 4.0
Poles 6.2 6.5
Jews 1.4 4.2
Others 14.0 2.0 22.6
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