hiroshima & nagasaki
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- 1. Hiroshima & Nagasaki
The End of the War in the
Pacific Theater
2. Bell Ringer
Describe the outcomes of the Battle of Okinawa.
Discuss with Partner
1 minute
3. After Okinawa
Estimated cost of lives to fight on mainland Japan:
1 million Americans
2 million Japanese (soldiers & civilians)
War in Europe was over by early May 1945
US needed to end war in Japan with minimum loss of lives
4. The Manhattan Project
code name for the US government's secret projectthat was
established before World War II and culminated in the development
of the nuclear bomb
Directed by American physicist Robert Oppenheimer
Albert Einstein was also part of the Manhattan Project
5. An Era Ends
FDR followed MPs progress closely
April 12, 1945 - FDR suffered cerebral hemorrhage and died
VP Harry Truman - now president with very limited knowledge of the
MP
6. Potsdam Conference
July 17 - August 2, 1945:
US, UK, USSR
Allies demanded unconditional surrender of Japan or meet
annihilation
Japan:
Lost Iwo Jima
Lost Okinawa
Navy was demolished
Was clearly losing the waronly a matter of time
7. Tough Decision
Japan rejected ultimatum to surrender
President Truman had to consider the alternatives for ending the
war:
invade the Japanese mainland
hold a demonstration of the destructive power of the atomic bomb
for Japanese dignitaries
drop an atomic bomb on selected industrial Japanese cities
bomb and blockade the islands
wait for Soviet entry into the war on August 15
mediate a compromised peace
8. 9. On August 6, 1945, 8.15 am, the uranium atom bomb Little Boy
exploded 580 meters above the city of Hiroshima with a blinding
flash, creating a giant fireball and sending surface temperatures
to 7,232 F*.
*The surface of the sun is about 9,000
10. 11. Little Boy
12. 13. Fierce heat rays and radiation burst out in every
direction, unleashing a high pressure shockwave, vaporizing tens of
thousands of people and animals, melting buildings and streetcars,
reducing a 400-year-old city to dust.
14. 15. 16. 17. Beneath the center of the explosion, temperatures
were hot enough to melt concrete and steel.
18. 19. 20. Within seconds, 75,000 people had been killed or
fatally injured with 65% of the casualties nine years of age and
younger.
21. 22. Within a certain distance from the site of explosion, the
heat was so intense that practically everything was vaporized. The
shadows of the parapets were imprinted on the road surface of the
Yorozuyo Bridge, mile from the hypocenter.
23. 24. In Hiroshima, all that was left of some humans near the
center of the explosion, was their outlines.
25. 26. 27. 28. Housewives and children were incinerated instantly
or paralyzed in their daily routines, their internal organs boiled
and their bones charred into brittle charcoal.
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Radiation deaths were still
occurring in large numbers in the following days.
38. 39. 40. 41. For no apparent reason their health began to fail.
They lost appetite. Their hair fell out. Bluish spots appeared on
their bodies. And then bleeding began from the ears, nose and
mouth.
42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. After Hiroshima
Japan still refused to surrender
August 9, 1945: Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki
50. V-J Day
August 12, 1945: Victory over Japan Day as Japan unconditionally
surrenders
WWII is over
51. What Do You Think?
You will have 3 minutes to write an argument for or against the
dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Think carefully and be sure to support your argument with facts.
You will need this for our activity.
52. Activity: Impromptu Debate
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