history - nc state universitywthurman/are311/presentations/holland-dairy.pdf · history •...
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HISTORY • 1600’s: First dairy cows arrive from Europe to the Plymouth
• 1864: Pasteurization was invented by Louis Pasteur
• 1879: First milking machine patented
• 1890’s: Milk Homogenizer is patented/ Babcock Test
• 1930’s: Animal Nutrition was revitalized
• 1936: Artificial Insemination began in U.S/ Storage Advancements
• 1983: Dairy Act of 1983 • (created mandatory milk checkoff program- 15 cents per cwt.)
FACTS ABOUT DAIRY CATTLE • There are 5 main breeds: Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire and Guernsey
• On avg. dairy cows can live for 6 ½ years
• On avg. a dairy cow in U.S. produces 21,000lbs. of milk per year (roughly 2,500 gallons)
• Diet: (consume over 50lbs. of dry matter and roughly 30-50 gallons of water) • Mixed ration feeds (TMR’s) includes: corn, soybean by-product, sorghum, silage and
other grains to provide additional nutrients and fiber.• Intensive Rotational Grassing • Mixture of grassing and Supplemental rations
PRODUCTION LAYOUT • Milking Parlor Types:
• Herringbone • Parallel • Rotary • Swing (Mainly in New Zealand)
• Housing (bedded w/ sand, straw, shavings)• Free- Stall • Pack Barn
WHERE NC RANK’S • Rank’s 29th in U.S. for # of Dairy Cattle • Rank’s 28th in U.S. for milk production • Rank’s 21st in U.S for milk output per cow • Milk Production: 985,000,000 lbs. or 20,957 lbs./ head
MARKET PRICE • Class I (Fluid Milk) as of 2/23/17 was $16.90 per
cwt., up 17 cents from last month and $3.12 from a year ago.
• Class II (ice cream. Cottage cheese) was $16.36 per cwt., up $1.10 from previous month
• Class III (cheese) was $16.77 per cwt., down 63 cents from previous month and up $3.05 from a year ago
• Class IV (butter/ powder) was $16.19 per cwt., up $1.22 from previous month and up $2.88 from a year ago
U.S. & GLOBAL PRODUCTION • Top States: California, Wisconsin, New
York, Idaho, Pennsylvania, Minnesota
• Top Countries: U.S., India, China, Brazil
OVERVIEW OF TRADE • Main Exporters: U.S., E.U., New Zealand
• Main Importers: Mexico, Russia, China
U.S. DAIRY EXPORTS/ IMPORTS • Total value of U.S. dairy exports: $5.2B
• Milk Solids Exported: 3.65B or 14% of all U.S. milk production
• Mainly Mexico & China
• Total value of U.S. dairy imports: $1.2B• Milk Solids Imported: 4% of all U.S. milk
production
• Mainly cheese from E.U.
• Overall, U.S. is a net exporter of dairy
WHAT IS TRADED• Dry whole milk & skim milk powder
• Cheese
• Butter/ Butterfat products
• Whey (byproduct derived from cheese)
• Casein (used for both food and non food purposes)
• Ice Cream
TRENDS • Global
• Estimated 36% increase in dairy consumption in next decade.
• U.S. • Slight increase in demand for dairy
products.• Decrease in fluid milk consumption,
however, increase in yogurt and whey products.
• More shift to alternatives or niche products (ex. organic, nut based milk)
CURRENT ISSUES • Legislation
• Dairy Pride Act: potentially would prompt the FDA to enforce existing labeling requirements, specifying foods labeled as “milk” or “cheese” have to come from dairy animals. (Bill sponsor: Sen. Baldwin (D-WI))
• Immigration Reform (currently no program established to aid the dairy industry)
• Trade
• Canada’s Protectionist Dairy Policy: enables Canada to sell dairy ingredients below cost in international markets causing U.S. dairy exports to decrease
• According to NMPF it has already cost the U.S. $150 million in exports
• Animal Welfare Issues/ Consumer Misconceptions
• Emerging Research
• A2 type beta casein protein
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