hiv stigma
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What is HIV-related
Stigma ?
And Its Consequences...
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Background
Definition of stigma
Stigma, Prejudice and Discrimination
Why is HIV/AIDS so Stigmatized
!orms " conse#uences
What can $e do to minimize HIV/AIDS
Stigma
Disscussion
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Media further fueled HIV/AIDS Hysteria.
Open-mouthkissing was apossi!le health
ha"ard#
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$o%ker Se!astian
&a%h wore a shirtin %on%ert
asserting thatAIDS 'ills (ags
Dead.
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In )*+, Surgeon eneral. 0erett 'oop issued
a message to e0ery1.S. household.
In )*+23 4he (DA appro0edA643 the 7rst AIDS drug3 at a%ost of morethan 8)93999 per year3
making it
http://www.thebody.com/content/art6010.html?ic=4001http://www.thebody.com/content/art6010.html?ic=4001 -
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AIDS A%ti0ism Spurred
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In%reasing HIV ases in;hilippines
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ust a matter of
time?.@
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hat is StigmaB
Historica%%y, stigma has had t$o com&onents'
It(s a mark of an enduringcondition or attri)ute
*he condition is negatively valued)y society
As a conse#uence, those $ith
the condition )ecome
discreditedand disadvantaged.
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Stigma3 ;re>udi%e and
Dis%rimination
+e%ated )ut not synonymous'
Prejudice' An attitude
An individuale-a%uation orjudgment of a grou&
iscrimination' A !ehavior+efers to treatment of
indi-idua%s )ased on theirmem)ershi& in a grou&
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hy is HIV/AIDS so stigmati"edB
Stigma is more intense$hen the conditionis'
. Percei-ed as %etha%and incura)%e
0 Percei-ed to )e theres&onsi)i%ity of the)earer
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4ypes of Stigma
Felt Stigma - the real experience of stigmaas the consequence of a particular condition
Enacted Stigma - overt acts of stigma anddiscrimination
Note: Even a few dramatic and publicenactments of stigma can drastically
increase the perception of felt stigma.
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hat dri0es AIDS StigmaB
Research both in the US andabroad suggests that it'sfueled by two sub-types:
1 Instrumental stigma
- fear of casual transmission
! Symbolic stigma
- pre-existing pre"udice towardthose groups who have beenhardest hit by disease
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AIDS Stigma is not LIMITED
To PLHIV
Courtesy stigma:
Refers to shared stigma by anyone
associated with the condition# even ifuninfected$
%as been reported by family members#care-givers# &(S healthcare wor)ers andanyone else associated with *+&s# even ifnot infected themselves$
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(orms of Stigma in the Health%are
Setting
"eglect
Had to $ait %onger
1ot ha-ing )ed &ans changed
+ecei-ing %ess care/attention
enied careDenied treatment
+eferra% to another &ro-ider/faci%itySenior &ro-ider &ushed c%ient to a junior &ro-ider2unior &ro-ider &ushed c%ient to a senior &ro-ider
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(orms of Stigma in the Health%are
Setting
i##erential treatment
HIV test re#uired )eforecare $as gi-en
HIV test re#uired )efore
schedu%ing surgery3sing g%o-es for non4
in-asi-e e5ams
65tra &recautions insteri%izing instruments
erbal stigma
,ossip about a clients %.status
Scolding or blaming a client
$ac% o# consentHIV testing $ithout
consentDisc%osing HIV status to
fami%y $ithout c%ient7sconsent
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:ample of Stigma in
Health%are& pt was ta)en to the /R with a severe
breathing problem$ +hile in the midst of
emergency treatment# the doctors
discovered that he was %. positive$ 0hey
screamed and "umped away from him#
discontinuing treatment$ 0he patient died
within an hour$ (elhi
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Health onse=uen%es of AIDS
Stigma
!arriers to:
8 "revention8
#reatment8 $esearch8 Care
8 %ental health
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Create &nderstanding:Close the Intention-'ction (ap
2oster understanding andmotivation for stigmareduction by creating:
Recognition of stigma0he benefits of reducing it
Safe space to reflect and
gain s)ills for change
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'ddress )I #ransmission
Fears * %isconceptions
%ow it is and is not transmitted
n-depth information
nteractively: &llow for34es )now that# but why567
8isten# learn 9 respond to specific fears
related to daily living 9 wor) context
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+iscuss and Challenge the ,#aboo
*rovide safe spacesto
discuss# reflect#
understand andquestion:
0he values and beliefs
that underlie stigmaand discrimination
+here they come from6
+hat they do6
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Address the mu%ti&%eintersecting "associated stigmas
of HIVeg' Se5 $orkers,men $ho ha-e se5
$ith men, drug users
+iscuss and Challenge the ,#aboo$7
#ime 'sia
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Immediately 'ctionable Causes8ac) of awareness
2ear of casual contact8in)ing %. with socially 3improper7 behavior
Individual&ddressattitudes
and behaviors
Structural*olicies# laws# and
institutions
Environmentaleet needs for information#
training# and supplies
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Da0id 'ir!y an AIDS a%ti0ist at his death !ed.
Castly?..your HIV patient is >ust like any otherordinary one. eeding of your %are and empathy.
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