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EXPECTATIONSHM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
Criteria for assessing the treatment of and conditions fordetainees in police custody
FOR POLICE CUSTODY
Version 2, 2012
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONSFOR POLICE CUSTODY
Criteria for assessing the treatment of and conditions for detainees in police custody
Version 2, 2012
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Contents
Introduction
Section 1: Strategy
Section 2: Treatment and conditionsRespectSafetyPhysical conditionsDetainee care
Section 3: Individual rightsRights relating to detentionRights relating to PACERights relating to treatment
Section 4: Health careGovernancePatient careSubstance useMental health
AnnexList of abbreviations
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONS
Introduction
Intr
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HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Introduction
In 2008 HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary began a programme of joint inspections of police custody suites in England and Wales. These inspections form part of a wider programme of joint work by criminal justice inspectorates and contribute to the United Kingdom’s compliance with its international obligations to ensure regular independent inspection of all places of custody.1
The programme of police custody inspections is based on a mixture of chronology and risk assessment. Inspections take place at a minimum every six years, with a risk-based approach used to decide the chronology of inspections and which forces will receive earlier, unannounced follow-up visits. Most inspections are completed within one week, but they may take longer if more custody suites are involved.
When inspecting police custody suites, inspectors use detailed criteria, or Expectations, to assess the treatment and conditions of those detained in police custody. These Expectations also offer a guide to senior police officers and police authorities as to the standards that the two Inspectorates expect to find in these settings and the sources of information and evidence upon which they will rely.
Expectations are informed by, and referenced against, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) codes (1984), Home Office guidance on the safe detention and handling of persons in custody (2006) and international human rights norms. They are also based on the experience of the two inspectorates over many years and the contributions of a wide range of organisations, including the Association of Police Authorities, the Independent Custody Visitors Association, the Independent Police Complaints Commission, the Association of Chief Police Officers, the Police Superintendents Association, the Police Federation, the National Police Improvement Agency, the Home Office, Inquest, the Care Quality Commission and representatives of forensic medical examiners.
Police expectations are grouped under four inspection areas:
• strategy
• treatmentandconditions
• individualrights
• healthcare
Each expectation has a set of indicators which provide evidence to help judge whether the expectation has been achieved. A further list of evidence sources offers guidance as to how the evidence can be gathered. References under each expectation link them to the relevant international and national legislation and guidance.
1 Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment.
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONS
Section 1: strategy
Sect
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HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Strategy
There is a strategic focus on custody that drives the development and application of custody-specific policies and procedures to protect the wellbeing of detainees.
Expectations
1. There is a strategic focus, supported by the Chief Officer group, which promotes the safe and decent delivery of custody.
Indicators References
• Thereisapolicyfocusoncustodyissuesatachiefofficerlevel.
• Thereisaneffectivemanagementstructurethatensures:- appropriatepoliciesandproceduresforcustodyarein
placeandfullyimplemented- custodydeliveryisproactivelymonitoredagainstagreed
standardsandperformancemeasures- useofforce,adverseincidentsandcomplaintsare
proactivelymonitoredlocallyandatforce-widelevel- therearepartnershiparrangementsandconstructive
engagement,includingatLocalCriminalJusticeBoardlevel.
Evidence
Chief officer• Askifthepolicyfocusincludes:
- developingandmaintainingthecustodyestate- staffingofcustodysuiteswithtrainedstaff- managingtherisksofcustody- meetingthementalandphysicalhealthandwellbeing
needsofdetainees- meetingthediverseneedsofdetainees–including
vulnerableadultsandsafeguardingchildren- workingeffectivelywithcommissionersandprovidersof
healthservices,immigrationservices,youthoffendingservices,criminaljusticeteams,CrownProsecutionService(CPS),courtsandotherlawenforcementagencies.
BOP1,5,29,36(2);BPUF1,18–20,22;CCLEO2;CRC3;ICCPR10(1);JDL85;OPCAT4;RTWP56;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.7
Section 1: strategy
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• Ask:- abouttheoversightofthePoliceAuthority,independent
custodyvisitors(ICVs)andothermechanisms–howeffectiveandproactiveisit?
- whatqualityassuranceproceduresareinplace- whattheproceduresareformonitoringtheuseofforce,
andwhetheruseofforceismonitoredbydiversity,locationandtheofficerinvolved.
DocumentationCheck:• theminutesofcustodymanagermeetings• thenumbersofstaff,genderbalance,training,development
andsuccessionplanning• theavailabilityofmanagementinformationontrendsand
patterns• custodyrecordsforqualityassuranceandscrutiny.
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONS
Section 2: treatment and conditions
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HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Treatment and conditions
Detainees are held in a clean and decent environment in which their safety is protected and their multiple and diverse needs are met.
Expectations – Respect
2. Detainees are treated with respect and their diverse needs, while in custody, are met.
Indicators References
• Thediverseneedsofdetaineesaremet.Thisincludesthespecificneedsof:- women- blackandminorityethnicdetainees- foreignnationals- thosewithdisabilities- immigrationdetainees- thosewithreligiousneeds- olderdetainees- detaineesofallsexualities- transgenderdetainees- thosewithdependencyneeds- thosewithobviousvulnerabilities.
• Allcustodystaffrecogniseandunderstandthedistinctneedsofchildrenandtreatthemaccordingly.
Evidence
Custody officer and staffAskstafftodescribetheirinteractionwithdetainees.Specifically,ask:• howthediverseneedsofdetaineesareidentifiedand
assessed• howtheyaddressthediverseneedsoftheirdetainees,
forinstanceiftheyunderstandthedifferentialimpactofdetentiononwomen
• whattraining,includingchildprotectionawareness,theyhavehadandwhatskillstheyhavetodealwithdetainees’diverseneeds
Beijing10.3,12;BOP1,5,36(2);CCLEO2;CEDAW2;CERD2;CRC3,37,40;CRPD4;DEDRB2;DHRIN5;DRM4;ECHR8;ICCPR2,3,10(1);JDL1,85;POP17;RTWP56;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3(b)Detainedpersons–specialgroups
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• whetherallcustodyandhealthcarestaff,includingagencystaff,havebeenvettedtoworkwithvulnerablegroups,includingchildren
• howtheyensurechildrenarekeptseparatefromthosewhomightposearisktothem
• whetherallgirlsundertheageof18remaininthecareofawomanduringdetentionasrequiredundersection31oftheChildrenandYoungPersonsAct1933
• howandwhytheymakereferralstoyouthoffendingteams.
Documentation• Checkcustodyrecordsforevidencethatthediverseneeds
ofdetaineesarecorrectlyidentifiedandcateredfor.Forinstance,aresearchingproceduressensitivetogender,age,differentreligions,etc?Specifically,check:- children’scustodyrecordsforrecognitionoftheir
distinctiveneeds- therecordingofanychildprotectionconcerns.
• Check:- thatchildrenarenotheldovernightwithoutgoodreason- thatthereareeffectivejointarrangementsinplacewhich
covertheprovisionandaccessibilityofbothsecureandnon-secureaccommodationforthosechildrenwhohavebeenchargedwithanoffenceandhadbailrefusedbypolice
- thatlegalrequirementsarebeingmetinrespectofchildrenwhohavebeenchargedwithanoffenceandhadbailrefused.
ObservationCheck:• howstafftalktoandaboutdetaineesintheircare• thatarrangementsatthebookingindeskallowsufficient
privacytodiscloseanyvulnerabilitiesorforconfidentialinformationtobepassedontocustodyofficers
• thatreasonableadjustmentshavebeenmadeinlinewiththeEqualityAct2010.
Detainees• Askiftheyfeeltheyhavebeentreatedrespectfullybystaff.• Askabouttheirdiverseneedsandwhethertheyfeelthese
havebeenmet.
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Expectations – Safety
3. Custody staff are competent to assess and manage risks presented by detainees.
Indicators References
• Staffreceiveinitialandrefreshertraininginriskassessmentprocedures.
• Staffhaveaknowledgeandunderstandingofself-harmandhowtomanageit.
• Staffhaveaknowledgeandunderstandingofdetainees’risktoothersandhowtomanageit.
• Riskmanagementplansareproportionateandaredevelopedandrevieweddynamically.
Evidence
Custody officer and staff Ask:• aboutthenormalprocedureforassessingtheriskdetainees
posetothemselvesand/orothers• whathappensifadetaineeisunwillingorunableto
cooperatewiththeriskassessment• howhighnumbersofdetaineescomingintocustodyatpeak
timesaremanaged• whetherstaffalertthemiftheyarebringingaviolent
detaineeintothecustodysuiteandwhatarrangementsaremade
• whatthearrangementsareformonitoringthoseassessedasarisk
• whetherstaffunderstandtheimportanceofregularmonitoringandrousing
• whetherstaffcarrykeystocellsandligatureknivesatalltimes
• ifcellsarecheckedthoroughlyforanyunauthoriseditemsbetweenuse
• ifprisoners’escortrecordformsarecompletedforalldetaineestobetransported,bywhomandwhatinformationispassedontoescortingstaffaboutthoseconsideredarisktothemselves.
BOP1,36(2);CCLEO6;ECHR2;ICCPR6,10(1);JDL85;UDHR3;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.6–3.10and8.1;SDHPSection2
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
DocumentationCheck:• thepolicyoncellsharing.Iscellsharingonlyauthorisedin
exceptionalcircumstancesandonthebasisofathoroughriskassessment?
• asampleofriskassessments.
ObservationObserve:• assessmentproceduresonreception• whetheractualchecksarecarriedoutatthecells• whethertheCCTVisworking,whetheritrecordsandhow
longtherecordingsarekept• staffhandoversforthesharingofriskinformation• cellsandwhethertheyarecheckedbystaffforany
unauthoriseditemsbetweenoccupants• theskillsandcompetenceofstaff• thatdetainees’offencedetailsarenotondisplayforothers
tosee.
DetaineesAskthoseidentifiedasatriskwhatlevelofattentiontheyhavereceivedfromcustodystaff.
4. Pre-release risk management planning for detainees is conducted to ensure they are released safely.
Indicators References
• Formalproceduresareinplaceforpre-releaseriskassessmentthatacknowledgeknownrisksandspecifyanyactionsneeded.
• Anyrelevantinformationaboutrisk,vulnerabilityorsafeguardingiscommunicatedtorelevantagencies.
Evidence
DocumentationCheck:• custodyrecordsforevidenceofpre-releaseriskmanagement
plans
BOP1;CCLEO2;CRC3;ECHR2;ICCPR10(1);UDHR3;SDHP8.3
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• thatinformationaboutandthecontactdetailsforsupportorganisationsareprovidedandavailableinarangeoflanguages
• theprocessesforsafeguardingchildren,includingthoseaged17
• theprocessesforcommunicatingtorelevantpolicedepartmentsorexternalagenciesanyinformationaboutriskorvulnerability.
5. Any force used within a custody suite is proportionate and lawful.
Indicators References
• Whereforceisused,staffuseonlytechniquesinlinewithtrainingtheforcehasprovided,withnomoreforceandfornolongerthanisnecessary.
• Detaineesareexaminedbyanappropriatelyqualifiedhealthcareprofessionalifrequested,oriftherearehealthcareconcerns.
• Useofforcewithincustodysuites,includingtheuseofcontrolandrestraintequipment,isdocumentedwithintheindividualcustodyrecordandaseparate‘useofforce’formissubmittedinlinewithAssociationofChiefPoliceOfficers(ACPO)policy.
Evidence
Custody officer and staffAsk:• howtheydefineuseofforce• whatmethodsofrestrainttheythinkcanbeappropriately
appliedintheenclosedcustodialsetting:forexample,whatistheguidanceontheuseofincapacitantsprays,Tasers,etc?
• whatmethodsofde-escalationtheyusebeforeforceisapplied
• inwhatcircumstancestheywouldapplyforceandhowtheymakeadecisionaboutwhatlevelofforcetouse
• iftheconsequencesofandpotentialinjuriesresultingfromdifferentmethodsofforcearerecognisedandtakenintoaccount
BOP24;BPUF1,2,4–6,15,18–20,22;CCLEO3,6;ECHR3,8;SDHPsection4
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• whatalternativeproceduresareappliedtothosewithaknownhealthproblem,childrenorwithwomenwhoareknowntobepregnant
• whattrainingtheyhavehadintheuseofforce,whenthisoccurredandwhethertheyhavehadanyrefreshertraining.
DocumentationCheck:• theuseofforceguidanceandwhetherconsiderationisgiven
totheuseofTasers,incapacitantsprays,handcuffs,limbrestraintsandemptyhandtechniques
• stafftrainingrecords• theuseofforceformandcustodyrecords.Lookforevidence
thatahealthexaminationtookplaceaftertheuseofforceincustody,ifappropriate,howquicklythedetaineewasseenaftertheuseofforceincidentandtheoutcomeoftheexamination.
ObservationCheckCCTVrecordings.
DetaineesAskdetaineesiftheyhavebeensubjecttotheuseofforceincustody.
Expectations – Physical conditions
6. Detainees are held in a custody suite that is clean, safe and in a good state of repair.
Indicators References
• Allcellsareequippedwithcallbellsystems,detaineesunderstandtheirpurposeandtheyarerespondedtopromptly.
• Therearegoodmaintenancearrangements.• Cellsarefreefromligaturepoints,ortheriskstheypresent
aremanaged.• Therearepracticesfortheuseofcellswithrestrictednatural
lightandfacilities.• Custodysuitestaffcansafelyevacuatedetaineesfromthe
custodysuiteintheeventofanemergency.
BOP1;CCLEO2;ECHR3,8;ICCPR10(1);PACECodesofPracticeCodeC8.2;SDHP7.10,12.1.5and15.4
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Evidence
DocumentationCheck:• thecleaningcontractandschedules,andthepolicyon
clearingupspillsandgraffiti• stafftrainingrecords• thefrequencyoffireevacuationdrillsandtheirtype• contingencyplans• recordsdetailingthemaintenanceandtestingoffireand
smokedetection.
Custody officer and staffAsk:• howadecisionismadeaboutrequiredmaintenancework• whatthemaintenanceprocedureisandwhatimpactithas
onprovisionofcustody• whatexcesscustodycapacitytheforcehastoallowsuitesto
beshutsothatessentialmaintenancecanbecarriedout• whatfiresafetytrainingtheyhavereceived• howfrequentlyfireevacuationdrillsareheldandwhether
thesearejustdesktopexercisesoralsoincludeapracticeevacuation
• whentheforcelastcarriedoutacellsmoketestateachsite• whethercustodysuitescanbeevacuatedsafelyin
emergencies,takingintoaccountthephysicalsecurity,theneedforreadyaccesstokeysandthefacttheymayhavedetaineeswithdisabilities
• whattheywoulddointheeventofafire.
Observation• Checkholdingareas,cells,interviewanddetentionrooms
andshowers.• Observewhetherstaffcheckcellsbeforeandafter
occupancy.Ensurethatchecksandfindings/damagearerecorded.
• Listentowhatdetaineesaretoldaboutthecallbellswhentheyareplacedincellandhowunderstandingisensured,especiallyforthosewhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglishandthosewithadisability,suchashearingdifficultiesorlearningdisabilities.
• Checkthatcallbellsareconnectedandworking.
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
DetaineesAsk:• whattheyweretoldtheycouldusecallbellsforandifthey
understood• iftheyhaveusedtheircallbellandhowlongittookforstaff
torespond• iftheyfindtheircellsclean,safeandingoodrepair.
Expectations – Detainee care
7. Detainees are able to be clean and comfortable while in custody.
Indicators References
• Detaineesareprovidedwithamattress,pillowandcleanblankets.
• Hygienepacksforwomenareavailable,andareroutinelyofferedonarrivalandonrequest.
• Detaineesareabletouseatoiletinprivacy,andtoiletpaperandhandwashingfacilitiesareprovided.
• Detaineeswhorequireashowerareofferedtheopportunitytodoso.
• Detaineeswhoseclothingisseizedareprovidedwithsuitablealternativeclothing,assoonaspracticable.
• Changesofclothing,especiallyunderwear,arefacilitated.• Nicotinereplacementisprovidedbyahealthcare
professionaltodetaineesonrequestandtheyareinformedofthisonarrival.
Evidence
DetaineesAskiftheyneed/havereceivedthemeanstobecleanandcomfortablewhileincustody.
DocumentationCheck:• forthepolicyonmattressandpillowcleaningbetweenuses• theprotocolforbringinginclothes• custodyrecords.
BOP1,24;CCLEO2,6;ECHR3,8;ICCPR10(1);PACECodesofPracticeCodeC8.3,8.4,8.5;SDHP7.8.4,7.8.1and6.6.3
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
ObservationCheck:• thatthereissufficientprivacyforthoseusingintegral
sanitation• thattoiletpaperandhandwashingfacilitiesareprovidedin
cellwhereintegralsanitationexists• thatdetaineeswhorequireashowerareofferedthe
opportunitytodosoandaregivencleanandsuitabletowelsforthispurpose
• thatdetaineescanhaveashowerinprivate,andthearrangementsforwomenandchildren
• thatasupplyofappropriatealternativeclothingisavailable(notpapersuits)fordetaineesofdifferentgendersandage
• thatadequatesuppliesofcleanbeddingareavailable.
StaffAsk:• howdetaineesgetaccesstothetoiletifthereisnointegral
sanitation• ifthefacilitiesaresufficientforthenumberofdetainees
heldatanyonetime• ifhygienepacksareavailableandofferedtowomen• whenalternativeclothingwaslastused• iffamily/friendsareabletobringinitemsofclothingfora
detainee• whethernicotinereplacementisprovidedbyahealthcare
professionaltodetaineesonrequestandwhethertheyareinformedofthisonarrival.
Defence solicitorsAskwhethertheirclientsareeverreleasedinreplacementclothingandwhatformthistakes.
8. Detainees are offered sufficient food and drink.
Indicators References
• Detaineesareofferedfoodanddrinkatrecognisedmealtimes,andatothertimesthattakeintoaccountwhenthedetaineelasthadamealandonreasonablerequest.
BOP1;CCLEO2;ECHR9;
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• Thereisasuitablerangeoffoodanddrinkavailable.• Foodanddrinkisofadequatenutritionalvalue.
Evidence
StaffAsk:• whendetaineesareofferedfoodand/ordrink• whattypeoffoodisofferedandhowthismeetsspecial,
includingclinical,dietsandreligiousrequirements• iffurtherfoodcanbesuppliedbyfriendsandfamily.
DocumentationCheck:• custodyrecords• foodhygienetrainingrecordsforstaffpreparingfood.
ObservationCheck:• whetherdetaineesareaskedatreceptionwhentheylasthad
ameal/drinkandofferedappropriaterefreshment• thatfoodispreparedinahygienicenvironment,thatmeets
religious,culturalandotherspecialdietaryrequirements• thatfoodishealthy,balancedandthereisenoughofit• thatatemperatureprobeisusedtoensurefoodisofthe
correcttemperatureatthepointofserving• thatdetaineeshaveaccesstodrinks.
DetaineesAsk:• whentheyhavebeenofferedsuitablefoodanddrinks• whattypeoffoodwasofferedandwhetherthiswas
sufficient.
ICCPR10(1);ICESCR11;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC8.6,8.9andguidancenote8B
Section 2: treatment and conditions
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
9. Detainees are offered outside exercise, reading materials and, in the case of children or other vulnerable detainees and those held over 24 hours, the opportunity to have visits.
Indicators References
• Detaineeshaveaccesstoaperiodofoutsideexercise.• Theyareofferedsuitablereadingmaterial.• Visitsareallowed,especiallyforthoseheldformorethan24
hoursorthoseunder18yearsold.
Evidence
StaffAsk:• ifdetaineesareallowedaccesstoanexerciseareaand,ifso,
whenitwouldbeoffered,ifitissupervisedandwhatthebarriersaretoitsuse.Askwhatthearrangementsareformen,womenandchildren.
• ifvisitsareofferedandtowhom• ifparentsorcarersareabletovisitdetainees,especially
children,particularlyiftheyareheldovernight• whatreadingmaterialtheyprovidefordetaineesandhow
longafterarrivalitisoffered.Whatisprovidedforthosewithlearningdifficulties,forexamplematerialineasyreadformat,andforthosewhodonotspeakEnglish?
DocumentationCheckcustodyrecords.
ObservationCheck:• whetherthereisanoutdoorexercisearea,andwhetherit
appearstobeusedregularly• whetherreadingmaterialisavailableandofferedto
detainees• thevisitingfacilities.
Detainees Askiftheyhavebeenofferedanythingtoread/keepthemoccupied,andwhethertheyhavehadtheopportunityforoutsideexerciseorvisits.
BOP1,19,28;CCLEO2;CRC37(c);ICCPR10(1);JDL18;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC5.4andC8.7;SDHP7.5.1
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONS
Section 3: individual rights
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HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Individual rights
Detainees are informed of their legal rights on arrival and can freely exercise those rights while in custody.
Expectations – Rights relating to detention
10. Detention is appropriate, authorised and lasts no longer than is necessary.
Indicators References
• Inthecaseofimmigrationdetaineesalternativedisposalsareexpedited.
• Appropriategroundsfordetentionareestablished.• Alternativestocustodyareconsidered.• Policecustodyisnotusedasaplaceofsafetyforchildren
undersection46oftheChildrenAct1989.
Evidence
Custody officer Ask:• howtheydecidewhetherdetentionisappropriate• howtheyensuretheperiodofdetentioniskepttoa
minimum• whetherthereisregularcontactwithUKBAandwhether
thisiseffectiveinensuringprogressionoftheircases,withdetentionlastingnolongerthantwodays
• whetherpolicecustodyhasbeenusedasaplaceofsafetyinthelastsixmonthsandwhatarrangementsareinplacetopreventthisfromhappeningagain.
Documentation Checkcustodyrecordsfor:• thereasonsforinitialdetention• thesubsequentreviewsofdetentionbeforechargebyan
inspectorandextensionsbyasuperintendentormagistrate• thenumberoftimesauthorityfordetentionoranextension
ofdetentionhasbeengiven/refused.
DocumentationCheckthatdetailsandmanagementinformationarekeptinrespectofSection46ChildrenAct1989detainees.
BOP2,4,9,11,37;CRC37(b);ECHR5;ICCPR9;JDL2,17;UDHR3,9
Section 3: individual rights
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
11. Those under the age of 18 and vulnerable adults are not interviewed without a relative, guardian or appropriate adult present.
Indicators References
• Appropriateadult(AA)schemesareinplaceandused.• Relativesorguardianssuitablefortheroleareused.
Evidence
Custody officer Ask:• howtheymakeadecisionaboutwhowouldactasanAA• whatthearrangementsareforprovidinganAA.
Documentation Checkcustodyrecordsfor:• thetimetakentocallanAA• thereasonforanydelays• thetimeofarrivalofanAA.
ObservationCheckthebookinginproceduresandtheidentificationofthoserequiringanAA.
Detainees CheckiftheymayrequireanAAandifonewassupplied.
BOP1,5(2);CRC3,37(c),40;ICCPR10(1);JDL18
12. Detainees who have difficulty communicating are provided for.
Indicators References
• Telephoneandfacetofacetranslationservicesareprovidedpromptly.
• Informationisinarangeofformats.
BOP1,14,16(3);CCLEO2;CRC40(2)(b)(vi);
cont.
Section 3: individual rights
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Evidence
Staff Ask:• iftranslationservicesareavailable,whentheywouldbeused
andbywhom• whatarrangementsareinplaceforthosewithlearning
difficulties/disabilities• whatothercommunicationformatsandaidsareavailablefor
thosewhoneedthem.
Documentation Checktheuseoftelephoneinterpretationservices.
ObservationCheck:• thatinformationisavailableindifferentlanguagesand
formats• whataidsareinplaceforthosewhorequirethem,for
examplehearingloops,etc.• ifwritteninformationisineasyreadformat.
DetaineesCheckiftheyrequireanyhelpwithcommunicationandifanywassupplied.
Expectations – Rights relating to PACE
CRPD13;DRM4;ECHR5(2);ICCPR10(1);JDL6;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.12
13. All rights relating to PACE are adhered to.
Indicators References
• Alldetaineesareabletoconsultwithlegalrepresentativesinprivateforfree.
• Detaineeshavetimelylegalrepresentation.• Detainees,includingimmigrationdetainees,aretoldthat
theyareentitledtohavesomeoneconcernedfortheirwelfareinformedoftheirwhereabouts.
• AlldetaineescanconsultacopyofPACE.• Detaineesarenotinterviewedbypoliceofficerswhileunder
theinfluenceofalcoholordrugs,orifmedicallyunfit,unlessincircumstancesprovidedforunderPACE.
BOP1,10–13,16,17,21,23;BPRL1,5–8;ECHR5;ICCPR10(1);JDL18(a);
cont.
Section 3: individual rights
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• Detaineesarenotdeliberatelydeniedanyservicestheyneedduringtheinterviewprocessandaregrantedaperiodofeighthourscontinuousbreakfrominterviewingina24-hourperiod.
• Detaineesortheirlegalrepresentativesareabletoobtainacopyoftheircustodyrecordonrelease,oratanytimewithin12monthsfollowingtheirdetention.
• Immigrationdetaineesspendnolongerinpolicecustodythanisnecessary.
Evidence
Documentation Check:• thatrequestsbydetaineesforlegaladvicearedealtwithand
managedinaccordancewithPACEandtheDefenceSolicitorCallCentre(DSCC)andCriminalDefenceService(CDS)directoperatingprocedures
• thatimmigrationdetaineeshaveaccesstosolicitorsorotherswhoareauthorisedbytheImmigrationandAsylumAct1999toprovidefreeimmigrationadviceandservices
• thatdetaineesareabletohaveaprivateconsultationwiththeirlegaladvisorfacetofaceorbyphoneinaccordancewiththearrangementsdescribedinPACE
• thatreasonsarerecordedifdetaineesdeclinetherighttospeaktoalegaladvisor
• thatdetaineesareabletohavealegaladvisorpresentwheninterviewedbypoliceofficers
• custodyrecordsforevidencethatPACEprocedureshavebeenfollowed,andforthelengthoftimethatelapsesbeforelegaladvisorsoradvocatesarrive
• custodyrecordstoseeifdetaineeshaverequestedtoconsultPACE
• custodyrecordsforevidencethatdetaineeshavebeeninformedoftheirrightsandentitlementsandthatanydelayinbeingabletoexercisethisentitlementisauthorisedatinspectorlevelorabove
• custodyrecordstoensuredetaineesarenotautomaticallyleftforeighthourswhentheyarearrested,i.e.istheircasedealtwithexpeditiously?
PACECodesofPracticeCodeCparagraphs3and5;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.1(iii)andC3(b)Detainedpersons–specialgroups;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC6Righttolegaladvice;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.1–3.5;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC12.3;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC12Interviewsatpolicestations;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC2.4A
Section 3: individual rights
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Observation • Check:
- thatinformationdescribingadetainee’slegalrightsisdisplayedinvariouslanguagesandformats
- whatdetaineesaretoldabouttheirrighttoalegaladvisor- videoandaudiorecordings,especiallyifdetaineesclaimto
haveexperiencedoppressiveconduct- thatdetaineesaretoldandprovidedwithwritten
informationaboutthisentitlementandthattheirunderstandingisconfirmed
- thattheirentitlementisputintoeffect- thatthisinformationisdisplayedinthecustodysuite.
• Check:- thatimmigrationofficialshaveservedandexplainedto
detainees,inalanguagetheycanunderstand,decisiondocumentsthathaveimportantconsequencesorthataddressrightsofappeal
- thatcustodyofficerscommunicatedailywithUKBAtoexpeditecaseprogression
- thatcustodystaffknowoftheLegalServicesCommission(LSC)telephoneadvicelineandencourageimmigrationdetaineestouseit.
DetaineesAsk:• iftheyhavebeentoldaboutPACEandthattheycanconsult
acopy• iftheyhavebeeninformedoftheirrightsandentitlements
andwhethercontactwasmadeontheirbehalf.
Detainees and defence solicitorsAskiftheyhaveconcernsaboutthehandlingofdetainees’individualrights.
14. Effective mechanisms for ensuring continuity of evidence are in place.
Indicators References
• Thereisaforcepolicyinplaceregardingthetaking,submissionandmanagementofDNAandforensicsamples.
CCLEO1
Section 3: individual rights
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• DNAandforensicsamplesareprocessedonwardsfromthecustodysuitewithinoneweekofbeingtaken.
• ThereisaneffectivemanagementstructureinplacetomonitortheuseoffridgesandfreezersforthestorageofDNAandforensicsamples.
Evidence
Custody staff Ask:• whattheprocedureisfortakingDNA/forensicsamples• whoisresponsiblefortheupkeepofthefridgesand
freezers.
DocumentationCheckthesubmissionrecordsforDNA/forensicsamples.
Observation Check:• thequalityandupkeepoffridgesandfreezers• thatfridgesandfreezersstoringexhibitsandDNAdonot
containanyotheritemssuchasfood• thenumberofsamplesandthedatesofcollection,including
whethertheyhavebeensubmittedforprocessing• theintegrityofforensicsamples.
15. Detainees who have been charged and refused bail appear at court promptly either in person or via video link.
Indicators References
Courtcutofftimesarereasonable.
Evidence
Custody officer Askwhatthearrangementsarewiththelocalcourtfortransportandvideolink.
Beijing10.2;BOP4,9,11,37;CRC37(d);ECHR5;ICCPR9;JDL17
Section 3: individual rights
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
DocumentationCheck:• custodyrecordsforthetimelinessofcourtappearances• fortheexistenceofvideolinkandusage.
Defence solicitorsAskabouttimings.
Expectations – Rights relating to treatment
16. Detainees know how to make a complaint and are enabled to do so if they wish.
Indicators References
• Detaineesaretoldhowtocomplainandtherearesystemsinplacetofacilitatecomplaints.
• Complaintsaretakenattheearliestpracticabletime.• Patternsandtrendsincomplaintsaremonitored.
Evidence
Custody officersAskhowdetaineesareinformedaboutcomplaintsproceduresandiftheirunderstandingisconfirmed.
DocumentationChecktherecordsofcomplaintsandtheiroutcomes.
Detainees Askiftheyhavebeenabletomakecomplaints.
BOP7,33;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC9.2
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONS
Section 4: health care
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HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Health care
Detainees have access to competent health care professionals who meet their physical health, mental health and substance use needs in a timely way.
Expectations – Governance
17. Detainees are cared for by health care professionals and substance use workers who have the appropriate skills and training, in a safe, professional and caring manner that respects their decency, privacy and dignity.
Indicators References
• Healthcareprofessionalsanddrugtreatmentworkersaresensitivetodetainees’situationsanddiverseneeds,includinglanguageneeds.
• Clinicalgovernancearrangementsincludethemanagement,trainingandsupervisionandaccountabilityofstaff.
• Patientsaretreatedbyhealthcarestaffwhoreceiveongoingtraining,supervisionandsupporttomaintaintheirprofessionalregistrationanddevelopment.Staffhavetheappropriateknowledgeandskillstomeettheparticularhealthcareneedsofdetaineesinpolicecustody.
• Clinicalexaminationsareconductedconfidentiallyunlessriskassessmentsuggestsotherwise.Treatmentroomsprovideconditionsthatmaintaindecency,privacyanddignity.Infectioncontrolfacilitiesareimplemented.Thereisatleastoneroomthatisappropriatefortakingforensicsamples,anditisclean.
• Allequipment(includingtheresuscitationkit)isreadyforuseandregularlycheckedandmaintained,andallstaff(healthcareandcustodystaff)understandhowtoaccessanduseiteffectively.
Evidence
Staff/observationAsk/observe:• whetherdetaineescanseeahealthprofessionalof
thegenderoftheirchoiceonrequestandiftherearearrangementsforachaperonetobepresentifrequired
• whatarrangementsareinplacefordetaineeswhocannotspeakEnglish,andchecktheuseofinterpretersortelephonetranslationservices
BOP1,24;CCLEO2,6;ICCPR10(1);ICESCR12(1);PME1;PPPMI1,20;RTWP62;PACECodesofPracticeCodeNote9AandC9.5–9.14;SDHP7.2.1,7.2.4,9.3,10.2.5,10.2.8,12.6.5andAppendix11,12and14;HSfW1,2,5,6,8,10,14,19,22,24,27,28;http://www.resus.org.uk/siteindx.htm
Section 4: health care
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
• whethertheclinicalnotesornotesmadebyarrestreferralworkersprovideevidenceofinvolvementoffamily/carers/caseworkers/advocates
• towhomstaff(FMEs,nurses,otherhealthcareprofessionals)reportinthepolice
• wheretheirlinemanagerislocated• whichclinicalgovernancearrangementsareexplicitinthe
servicelevelagreement/contractandwhethertheyincludespecificsabouttheneedforstafftoreceiveongoingtrainingandsupporttomaintainprofessionalregistration
• whoisresponsibleformonitoringthecontracts–policeand/orcontractor
• whetherdoctorsarecontractedsolelytoFMEdutieswhenondutyandwhethertheirhoursofworkareappropriate
• whereprofessionalregistrationdetailsareheldandthesystemsforverifyingregistration
• whatthearrangementsareforclinicalsupervision• whattraining,supervisionandsupporthealthcare
staffreceive,andwhethertheyfeeltheyhavetheskills,knowledgeandcompetenciestomeetthehealthcareneedsofalldetainees
• theconditionoftreatmentrooms,infectioncontrolmeasuresandprocedures,whethertheyprovidedecencyandprivacy,andiftheyaresolelyfortheuseofhealthprofessionals
• whetherresuscitationequipmentisreadilyavailable,includingequipmentforthemaintenanceofanairway,oxygenanddefibrillator
• whetherallstaffknowthelocationofresuscitationequipment,howtouseitandiftheyreceiveannualresuscitationtraining.
DocumentsCheck:• thecontractspecification/servicelevelagreement• theclinicalgovernancepolicy• staffrotas• trainingregistersandtrainingplansrelevanttotheservice
beingdelivered• theinfectioncontrolpolicy;regularaudits;cleaningschedules• documentedchecksofresuscitationequipment.
Section 4: health care
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Detainees Speaktodetaineesabouttheirtreatmentandwhethertheirdiverseneedsarerespected.
Observe• Interactionsbetweendetaineesandhealthcarestaff.• Thetimegivenforeachconsultation.• Consultations(withthedetainee’spermission).
Expectations – Patient care
18. Detainees are asked if they wish to see a health care professional and are able to request to see one at any time, for both physical and mental health needs, and are treated appropriately.
Indicators References
• Eachdetaineeseenbyhealthcarestaffhasaclinicalrecordcontaininganuptodateassessmentandanycareplanconformstoprofessionalguidancefromtheregulatorybodies.Theethnicityofthedetaineeisalsorecorded.
• Anycontactwithadoctororotherhealthcareprofessionalisalsorecordedinthecustodyrecord,andarecordmadeofanymedicationprovided.Theresultsofanyclinicalexaminationaremadeavailabletothedetaineeand,withdetaineeconsent,his/herlawyer.
• Treatmentsareappropriatetotheclinicalneedsofthedetainee.
Evidence
Staff Ask:• whattheprocedureisforcallingahealthprofessional• whatthearrangementsareforrecordinghealth
interventionsandtransferringinformationaboutmedicationtothecustodyrecord
• howtheconsentofdetaineesisobtainedandhowtheresultsofclinicalexaminationsaresharedwithdetaineesandtheirlegalrepresentatives
• whatthearrangementsareforoutofhourscover• howstaffcheckmentalcapacity.
BOP24,26;CCLEO6;ICESCR12(1);PME1;PPPMI1,20;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC9.15–9.17;HSfW2,3,7,8,25,26;SDHP7.2
Section 4: health care
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Documentation• Check:
- thatasampleofclinicalrecordsfromthelastsixmonthsincludesthedetainee’ssignaturetodetermineconsentforthesharingofinformation,arecordofthedetainee’sethnicity,theproblemsexperienced,thediagnosis,treatment,careplanandreferralletters
- thatrecordsarekeptconfidentially,inlinewithCaldicottguidelines
- recordofcallsandresponsemonitoring- complaintsconcerninghealthcareprovision.
• Cross-referenceclinicalrecordswithcustodyrecords.
DetaineesAskwhethertheirhealthneedshavebeenmet.
Defence solicitorsAsk:• whetherthedetaineestheyrepresenthavemadeany
complaintsconcerninghealthcareprovision• iftheresultsofadetainee’sclinicalexaminationareshared• whethertheirconsentissoughtinadvance.
Observation Observewhethercustodystaffofferdetaineestheopportunitytoseeahealthservicesprofessional.
19. Detainees receive prescribed medication if needed.
Indicators References
• Allmedicationsonsitearestoredsafelyandsecurely,anddisposedofsafelyifnotconsumed.Thereissafepharmaceuticalstockmanagementanduse.
• Detaineesareprescribedmedicationtomeetanyclinicalsigns,symptomsorconditions.
• Detaineesreceivemedicationtoproviderelieffordrugandalcoholwithdrawalsymptomsifclinicallyindicated.
• Prescribedmedicationisreceivedatthedesignatedtimes.
BOP24,26;CCLEO6;ICESCR12(1);PACECodesofPracticeCodeC9.9–9.12and9.15–9.17;SDHP7.2.4;HSfW7
Section 4: health care
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Evidence
StaffAsk:• whattheproceduresarefortheprescribingand
administrationofmedications• howliaisonbetweenhealthcarestaff,drug/alcoholreferral
workersorcommunitydrugsworkersfunctions• howprescribedmedicationsareobtained,whoisable
toadministerthemedications,andhowadministeredmedicationsarerecorded
• aboutthearrangementsforthestorage,dispensinganddisposalofpharmaceuticals,andwhethertheyareappropriatelylabelled
• howstocklevelsofmedicationsaredecided,reviewed,recordedandmonitored
• howtheadministrationofmedicationsisrecorded• ifhealthprofessionalscarrymedicationsand,ifso,whether
theyareinasecurecontaineratalltimes• whetherhealthcarestaffhave24-houraccesstothe
supportofapharmacist• ifmedicationsthatarebroughtinbythedetaineeare
returnedtothemwhentheyarereleased.
DetaineesAskaboutaccesstoprescribedmedicationanddrug/alcoholwithdrawalrelief.
Expectations – Substance use
20. Detainees are offered the services of a drugs or alcohol arrest referral worker where appropriate and referred to community drugs/alcohol teams or prison drugs workers as necessary.
Indicators References
Aserviceisprovidedforalldrugandalcoholusers. BOP24;CCLEO6;ICESCR12(1);
cont.
Section 4: health care
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Evidence
StaffAsk:• whatarrangementsareinplacetoprovideservicesand
liaisonbetweenhealthcarestaff,drug/alcoholreferralworkersandcommunitydrugsworkers
• whethertheservicesincludechildren.
ObservationAredetaineeswhoaretobereleasedintothecommunityofferedcleanneedlesbydrugreferralworkers?
DetaineesAskwhethertheyhavebeenofferedtheservicesofadrugoralcoholarrestreferralworker.
Expectations – Mental health
RTWP62;SDHP–custodyprocessmap
21. A liaison and/or diversion scheme enables detainees with mental health problems to be identified and diverted into appropriate mental health services, or referred on to prison health services.
Indicators References
• Theschemeexistsandtherearearrangementsforreferral.• Staffhaveanawarenessofmentalhealthissues,their
identificationanddealingwiththem.
Evidence
StaffAskwhatworkswellandwhatthebarriersaretoeffectiveness.
ObservationCheck:• thepublishedrotaformentalhealthstaffcoverandoncall
arrangements• thatthereareinformationsharingprotocolsinplaceto
ensurethatthereisefficientsharingofrelevanthealthandsocialcareinformation
• themonitoringofresponsetimesandoutcomes.
BOP24;CCLEO6;CRPD14;ICESCR12(1);PPPMI1,9,20;SDHP2.4.5
Section 4: health care
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
22. Police custody is not used as a place of safety for section 136 Mental Health Act (1983) (MHA) assessments.
Indicators References
• Therearelocalarrangementsinplacewiththerelevantmentalhealthtrust.
• TherearearrangementsinplacewithlocalauthoritiesforassessmentsundertheMentalHealthAct.
• DetailsandmanagementinformationarekeptinrespectofSection136detainees.
• StandardiseddatacollectionontheuseofSection136isroutinelyreviewed.
• Thepolicearerepresentedonliaisongroupsoralocalmulti-agencySection136group,whichmonitorstheuseofSection136,identifiesanyproblemswithinteragencyworkinganddevelopssolutionstoaddressproblems.
ObservationCheck:• localprotocols• thenatureofthelocalarrangements–lookforexclusion
clausesthatmightresultinpolicecustodybeingusedasaplaceofsafety
• thetimescalesforpolicetocontactanapprovedmentalhealthpractitionerforaninitialassessmenttobegin,andthattimescalesaremet
• thearrangementsmadeformedicalattendanceinSection136cases
• anyissuesthathaverisenovertransferbetweentheplaceofsafetyandthetimescalesrecorded
• theSection136suiteatlocalNHSfacilities.
DetaineesAskabouthowtheywereconveyedtotheplaceofsafety(ambulance/policetransport)andtheinformationgivenabouttheirrights.
ICCPR9;ICESCR12(1);PPPMI9,20;PACECodesofPracticeCodeCAnnexE;SDHP2.4.5,3.4
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
EXPECTATIONS
Annex: list of abbreviations
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HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
Annex: List of abbreviations
International human rights instruments
Legally binding
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
CERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child
CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
OPCAT Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Normative
Beijing United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
BOP Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment
BPRL Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers
BPUF Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials
CCLEO Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials
DEDRB Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief
DHRIN Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who are not Nationals of the Country in which They Live
DRM Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities
JDL United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty
PME Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
POP United Nations Principles for Older Persons
PPPMI Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care
Annex: list of abbreviations
HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012
RTWP United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules)
UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Regional human rights instrumentsLegally binding
ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Additional acronymsPACE Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
Code C sets out the requirements for the detention, treatment and questioning of suspects in police custody other than in terrorism cases to which Code H applies
SDHP Safer Detention and Handling of Persons in Police Custody (2006)
ReferencesEquality Act 2010
Mental Capacity Act 2005
Mental Health Act 1983, Code of Practice (updated 2008) Ch. 10
Standards for Better Health (2004)
UK Border Agency (2011), Enforcement Instructions and Guidance: Detention and Temporary Release, Ch. 55
HM Inspectorate of Prisons is a member of the UK’s National Preventive Mechanism, a group of organisations which independently monitor all places of detention to meet the requirements of international human rights law.
EXPECTATIONS FOR POLICE CUSTODY
HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary
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