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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

How did people get to North America?Pangea

The theory that all the __________________ on Earth were connected to each other They ____________________ as the Earth’s plates shifted.

Arrival TheoriesLand Bridge

During the ________ ________, glaciers formed Glaciers sucked up the ______________ from the oceans The water level _________________ and revealed land between Russian and _______________ People followed __________________ over the Land Bridge When the Ice Age was over, the glaciers ____________________

Early Arrival/Coastal MigrationPeople traveled from Asia to North and South American by way of the _________________ Ocean

Evidence of deep ocean fish _______________ convinces scientists that this happened

Origin StoriesStories told by Native Americans to explain how people came to live in North America

Relies on the theory that people were always in North __________________ and did not come from somewhere else in the world

One version of an Origin Story tells of a ______________ that was cut into ___________ pieces and breathed to life

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

The Mayas

Where did the ancient Maya live?

Mesoamerica = Mexico and Central America

The Maya were concentrated on and around the _______________ Peninsula in central America

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Maya Political StructureThe Maya civilization was made up of city-states, which were ______________ of Mayas living together under the same ______________

Each city-state had its own ______________ and its own _____________

The Maya were NOT AN EMPIRE and NOT UNITED politically

Maya ReligionThe Maya were __________________ = believed in more than one ___________

The Maya practiced _________________ sacrifice = killing people as a ___________ to the gods

Mayas built ___________________ to honor their gods and as a placed to _______________

Maya ArchitectureThe Maya built towering _______________ and elaborate palaces

Atop the temples, priests performed religious _____________________ and ____________________ while people watched from the plazas below

Ceremonial platforms, temples, pyramids, observatories, ball courts all built by the May

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Advances in LearningThe Maya created a _________________ system of hieroglyphics

The Maya created a set of _____________________

Also developed a 365-day calendar

What happened to the Maya?The Maya __________________ may of their cities around 900 A.D.

Archaeologist DO NOT KNOW WHY Maya civilization declined but…

Maya today…more than _______ million Maya people live in Guatemala and ________________ Mexico today

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Aztecs

Where did the Aztecs live?The Aztecs lived in what is known as the valley of _________________ in central Mexico

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec _____________________

Legend of TenochtitlanThe gods told the _________________ to search for an __________________ hold a snake in its beak perched atop a _________________. This is where they were to build their ____________________ city. The Aztecs saw this sign on a swampy island in Lake Texcoco.

How did the Aztecs build a city in the center of a lake?Tenochtitlan was built on an ___________________

It was connected to the mainland by _____________________leading north, south, and west of the city

Chinampas were man-made ________________ islands used to farm on

Built ___________________ which carried water from the mainland to the capital.

GovernmentThe Aztecs created an empire through ____________________

Conquered people and local __________________ had to pay _________________ to the Aztecs

The Aztecs had an emperor

The Aztec Emperor’s main job was to lead in war

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Religion & MythologyAztecs were ______________________

Huitzilopochtli was the main Aztec _________________

The Aztecs built massive __________________ and _____________________ dedicated to their gods

Pyramid of the Sun Pyramid of the Moon

Human SacrificeHuman sacrifice was a ________________________ practice of the Aztecs

For the reconsecration of Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, the ________________ reported that they sacrificed 84,400 _________________ over the course of ____________ days

To give the sun _____________________ to rise each day, human sacrifices were offered.

What happened to the Aztecs?Spanish conquistadors came to the Americas looking for _______________

A group of conquistadors led by Hernan Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan and ________________ the Aztecs in 1521.

He brought warriors & ____________________

Why Cortes was able to defeat the Aztecs, some of the most powerful warriors in historyAztec priests told of the coming of Aztec ______________ Quetzalcoatl

He was said to be a fair skinned (light skinned) ___________ coming with a group of people and animals (horses)

When Cortes arrived in Technochtitlan, the Aztecs thought he was Quetzalcoatl and they ________________ him

That had a great effect on his ________________ to conquer the Aztecs

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Incas

Where did the Inca live?The Inca controlled an empire in the Andes Mountain region of South America

Government

The Sapa Inca (emperor) had _____________________ power

He was in charge of politics & religion

The emperor claimed to be the son of the sun

Government was in charge of arranging ______________________

Each family in the community was assigned a _______________

Everyone had to help with ____________________ building projects

ReligionThe Inca were __________________

The primary god was Inti, the ______________ god

Inca believed in ____________________

This is the belief that when you died, you came back as someone or something else

Inca practiced _________________ sacrifice = the killing of a person as a ___________ to the gods

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Uniting the EmpireThe Inca build a massive ______________ network through mountains and across rivers and gorges

StoneworkThe Inca constructed stone __________________ without using mortars yet the stones fit together so well that a ______________ would not fit between the stones

Medical AdvancesThe Inca performed successful _____________ surgery

The Inca also used medicines to make patients unconscious during ____________________

Cranial DeformationThe Inca practiced cranial deformation

They achieved this by wrapping tight cloth _____________ around the heads of newborns to alter the _________________ of their soft skulls into a cone-like shape

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Name: _______________Arrival Theories – Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

Beautiful BabiesInca thought it was beautiful to have __________________ eyes

They would hang ______________ in front of the eyes so they would cross

What Happened to the Inca?Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, came to the ______________________ looking for gold

He brought _______________ and __________________ (smallpox) which killed the Inca

They also had a __________________ War going on, which is when one nation fights against itself

Fall of the IncaBUT ultimately, it was _____________________ conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro that brought about the fall of the Inca Empire

Vocabulary:

Monotheistic = believed in one god

Theories = are things that scientists believe in and have evidence of, but can’t prove

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