hospital disaster planning for iranian hospital

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Hospital Disaster Planning for Iranian hospital. Hamid Reza Khankeh PhD, Post-Doc in Emergency and Disaster Management. A Disaster. is: an emergency in which local authorities cannot cope - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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HOSPITAL DISASTER PLANNING FOR IRANIAN HOSPITAL

Hamid Reza Khankeh

PhD, Post-Doc in Emergency and Disaster Management

A Disaster

is: an emergency in which local authorities cannot cope

Any emergency that disrupts normal community function causing concern for the safety of its citizens including their lives and property.

What is disaster?

hrkhankeh

Any destructive event that distrupts the normal functioning of community.

Any occurence, either natural or man made, that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance.

Causing premature death, impaired quality of life, and altered heath status.

The Big Picture

hrkhankeh

Natural Disasters Map 2010

The guiding principle

The guiding principle is that it is more important to treat as many people as possible based on the resources at hand and provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Greatest good for the greatest number with the least amount of harm

Warning Indicators(Flash Points)

WARNING PHASE

Months / Weeks / Hours

EMERGENCYPHASE

Days / Weeks

MitigationPreparedness

Search & Rescue

Emergency Relief

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction

Ongoing Development

Rapid / Detailed Assessment

SuddenImpact

Rehabilitation / Recovery

Many Months

TIME

AC

TIV

ITY

12

34 5

Emergency Response and Recovery

Legal Framework

Ten elements of preparedness

National level

Policies Procedures Guidelines

Local level Plans Resources Authority

Personal level Knowledge Skills Attitudes

June 2007MPHR 3

Mass Casualty Management

Pre-hospital

Hospital

Post-hospital

Search &Rescue

· Hospital network· Hospital emergency plansContingency plans· Organization for emerg. Staff training/Awareness Level of active participtn Drills Basic services Bed capacity Accessibility Self-sufficiency Vulnerability analysis Backup equipment· Technical plans- triage- tagging• Emergency directory

· spinal unit· orthopaedics· physiotherapy· psychotherapy· orthotics· occupational therapy· social work

TO IDENTIFY

Who? Where? Resources Authority/command Health sector role Participating institutions Legal implications Qualifications Type of interventions Technical complexity Resources inventory Command at emerg. site Mobilisation Staff Visitors Supplies Hospital Essential medicines Equipment Backup and basic equipt Stockpiles Security/traffic Rural areas Safety measures

P-Hosp. Med. Care

First Aid

TECHNICAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES

Goals of Hospital Preparedness Enhance our surge capacity

response

Collaboration and integration of plans of all emergency response partners

Ability to maintain services in a sustained event

Hospital Disaster Planning

The goal is to minimize the resulting injuries, suffering, and death that accompanies a disaster (same as above)

and

Provide continued quality care to those patients in the hospital.

Core elements of the planning process applicable in hospital context

1. Determine the authority responsible for the process

2. Establish a planning committee and objectives; management structure of the process

3. Conduct a risk assessment - hazards and hospital / community vulnerabilities (core elements)

4. Set planning objectives and assign responsibilities5. Identify and analyse capacities and resources6. Describe the emergency management systems

and identify the necessary arrangements (partnership, etc.)

7. Document the plan (maps; JAS; forms; logs)8. Test the plan; validate the Plan9. Review and update the plan on a regular basis

Disaster Planning

A plan not only protects life, property and the environment, but it also helps to overcome obstacles in development

The planning process is a series of steps to produce emergency plans.

This process can be applied to any community, organization or even activity, e.g. for the health sector in general, for hospitals or for search and rescue organizations, etc.

Emergency Response Plan

It is primarily intended for preparedness, but can be used for planning during response and recovery operations.

The notion of Incident Action Plan (developed to respond to a particular situation at a particular time in a particular place) should NOT be mixed up with the notion of Emergency response Plan.

Emergency Response Plan

The major steps of the planning process are:

Project definition: This implies to determine the aim, objectives and scope of the planning process;

1. to identify the tasks to be performed, and the resources needed;

2. to identify the framework in which emergencies will be managed; and the resources that will be required.

Emergency Response Plan

The scenarios identified from the vulnerability analysis should be used fully to develop planning objectives.

The analysis of the global environment should include: applicable legislation; political and economical circumstances; social and cultural issues; etc.

Formation of a planning group

key people and organizations It is essential to carefully form the planning group by

taking into consideration:

1. appropriate authority;

2. appropriate representation,

3. efficient reporting system;

4. sufficient expertise;

5. rapid gathering-sharing of information;

6. cooperation of local experts;

7. cooperation with the other sectors.

Emergency Response Plan

The emergency planning group is essential for

1. gathering information (more rapid and efficient);

2. to ensure access to persons with key knowledge and/or influence;

3. to help to ensure commitment of all relevant persons/agencies

Emergency Response Plan

potential problems analysis: (hazards (causes, possible preventive strategies, trigger events) vulnerabilities, and risks

resource analysis: what resources are required for the response and recovery strategies (variation between requirement and availability, who is responsible for the resources, etc.

roles and responsibilities: who does what the management structure: the command of

individual organizations and control across organizations

strategies and systems: specific response and recovery strategies, and the systems that will support strategies

key concept

“Plans must be simple and flexible. They should be made by the people

who are going to execute them.”

Phases of the disaster response Activation phase

Notification and initial response Organization of command and

control

Phases of the disaster response Implementation phase

Search and rescue Triage, initial stabilization and

transport Definitive management of

patients/hazards

Phases of the disaster response Recovery phase

Scene withdrawal Return to normal operations Debriefing

Key Factors in a Successful Plan Simplicity Flexibility Coordination Leadership Communication

Simplicity

Keep the “disaster routine” as close as possible to the everyday actions of hospital personnel.

Confusion reigns when the plan strays from the norm.

People do best what they do everyday.

Flexibility

Allows for adjusting the response to the situation.

Use the plan as a framework for decision making.

Coordination

Knowing what you are supposed to do during a crisis, as well as having a basic understanding of how others are responding.

Requires advanced knowledge of capabilities and resources – internal and external.

Prevents waste and bickering.

Leadership

The personal element built into every plan and often the deciding factor in its success or failure.

The position has authority not the individual.

Leaders

Must remain calm. Must provide clear and concise orders

(direction); especially when dealing with individuals they do not know.

Must constantly reevaluate priorities based on need and the greatest good.

Communication

Internal and external – it is often confused or compromised.

Effective communication is frequently mentioned as the response element most likely to fail.

Poor communication = Inefficiency (and sometimes, panic).

Effective Communication

The delivery of the right information to the right people at the right time in an understandable and effective form.

Do you have a need to know?

At least 50% of the information you first receive will be wrong.

Hospital disaster planning

Requires a high degree of motivation. First step, find and review your current

plan. Question whether it is a workable tool or

obsolete bookend. Do not work in a vacuum. Who is in charge? Prepare for the worst.

Key components of a hospital disaster plan:

The flow of patients into the hospital must be direct and open.

Patient flow must be quick and direct throughout the hospital.

Triage area near disembarkation point. Treatment areas must be pre-determined

and marked.

Key components of a hospital disaster plan:

Patients must be identified and logged in quickly and accurately.

A command post must be operational in a timely manner.

A command structure must be in place. Once notified, beds must be found in the

ED, OR, and ICU.

Key components of a hospital disaster plan

Security for all of the areas must be maintained.

A system for the rapid recall of staff must be in place.

Effective communication from the site to the hospital must be maintained.

Effective communication in the hospital must be maintained.

Key components of a hospital disaster plan:

Information areas for families and media must be established.

There must be rapid access to critical hospital supplies.

Provision for the serious psychological impact on victims and staff must be made.

Contingency plans for water, electricity and transportation must be made.

Key components of a hospital disaster plan:

Evacuation plans for hospital patients and staff must be established.

Mutual aid agreements with other hospitals and surrounding communities must be defined.

Recognition, isolation and treatment of contaminated/infected patients must be addressed.

Practice. Practice. Practice.

Phased Disaster Plans

The hospital response is tailored to the specific elements of the disaster – scope, number of patients, type of patients, etc.

and

the capabilities (depth) of the hospital.

Phased Disaster Plans

Phased rather than “all or none”. Typically in place at larger community

hospitals or teaching hospitals. Phase I: On-call staff Phase II: On-call staff and select groups Phase III: Total staff mobilization

After Action Review

An absolute requisite for improving the hospital’s response.

Should be conducted at every unit and results written down.

Should lead to modifications of the plan.

**Leadership and Communication**

General Considerations

People and what they did. Equipment and how it functioned. Time management. The plan and how it worked. Order and how it was maintained.

The Hospital Incident

Command System

Incident Commander

PlanningSection Chief

LogisticsSection Chief

OperationsSection Chief

Finance/AdministrationSection Chief

SafetyOfficer

PublicInformation

Officer

LiaisonOfficer

Medical/Technical

Specialist(s)

ProcurementUnit Leader

Compensation/Claims

Unit Leader

TimeUnit Leader

CostUnit Leader

ServiceBranch Director

SupportBranch Director

ResourcesUnit Leader

SituationUnit Leader

DocumentationUnit Leader

DemobilizationUnit Leader

Staging Manager

Medical CareBranch Director

InfrastructureBranch Director

HazMatBranch Director

SecurityBranch Director

BusinessContinuity

Branch Director

Incident Management System

ManagementSafetyLiason

Public Information

Operations Planning Logistics Finance & Accounting

Accomplish goals

and objectives

Develop goals and objectives

Support management and

operations

Notification and alarm processing: possible template

Government Emergency Service

Fire-police-CD…

Hospital initial notification

Dept. receiving notif.completes situation report& contacts switch board

On duty Senior Med evaluates the initialnotificationdecides levelopens Command Room

ED: opening of triage area and preparation for receiving patients

Surgery cancels elective cases

Recovery transferscases to nursingunits

ICU transfers allcases possible to medical & surgical units

Outpatient dept prepares delayed care area

Level of Activation of the Plan

level of preparedness

State of preparedness

state of increased preparedness

state of disaster

Activation Command Group

Specific actions and procedures

1 2

3

alarm decision no action

Specific actions and procedures

Specific actions and procedures

Emergency Response Plan

Many Hospitals (especially the medium and big ones) have several levels of possible activation of the ERP.

The full activation of the plan is very costly. It is possible to substantially increase the level of preparedness by mobilizing limited resources.

That is why the ERP has usually 3 levels. It is always possible to go directly to the level 3 at any time.

State of Preparedness or Alert (colour white)

Used when the immediate needs of resources for medical care MIGHT exceed available capacity

Means: increased preparedness with none/minimal mobilisation of extra-resources…

Incident Command Group mobilised/ Hospital staff ready to go home stays on

duties. No elective surgery started

State of increased preparedness or stand by (colour blue) Used when the immediate need of

resources most likely/certainly will exceed available capacity but can be defined as limited.

Means: mobilization of limited amount of extra resources (emergency teams/surgical teams/beds) directed by the “Incident Command Group”

State of disaster call out (colour red) Used when the immediate need clearly

will exceed available capacity with a threatening/manifest need of a large amount of extra resources within very short time

Means: automatic mobilization of all available resources within emergency discipline and supporting functions.

Full activation of all components of the ERP

ACTIVATION OF THE PLAN

Analyze various hazards/threats Assess and design the proper response for each

threat Create a list of contingency procedures required in

each hospital service Assess the activity with regard to the effort

requested from each service involved Classify levels of increasing preparedness starting

from routine to full activation during disaster Create a final template of hospital response in

phases and stages in an escalating manner

بیمارستانی آمادگی برنامه

از بیمارستانی آمادگی برنامه طراحی و تدوین . هر لذا است درمانی بهداشتی مرکز هر ضروریاتخود بومی شرایط و امکانات بر مبتنی باید مرکز

. نماید تدوین حوادث با رویارویی برای جامع ای برنامه

برنامه آمادگی بیمارستانی

کاهش مرگ و میر و صدمات جسمی و هدف برنامهحاصل از حادثه در بیمارستان یا منطقه روانی

جغرافیای مرتبط با بیمارستان و تامین مراقبت با کیفیت مناسب برای بیماران

بستری در زمان حوادث است.برنامه باید ساده و با انعطاف بوده و با

مشارکت اجرا کنندگان برنامه تدوین گردد

برنامه آمادگی بیمارستانی

مرحله اصلی چرخه مدیریت 4این برنامه حوادث شامل:

کاهش اثرات1.

آمادگی2.

پاسخ و 3.

توانبخشی را پوشش داده 4.را برنامه ریزی, آموزش و تمرین چارچوب کلی

تامین می کند

مراحل اصلی برنامه آمادگی

راه اندازي كميته حوادث وباليا1.

تجهیز اطاق فرماندهی2.

تعيين مدير ومسئول كميته3.

تحليل خطربه منظوربرآوردريسك مخاطرات 4.داخلي وخارجي

استخراج مخاطراتارزيابي آسيب پذيريبررسی ظرفیت موجود در بیمارستان ارائه راهکارهای عملیاتی به منظور کاهش آسیب

پذیری

مراحل اصلی اجرای پروژه

تدوین برنامه اقتضایی مقابله با باليابرای 4.بیمارستانها:

- تحليل مشكالت محتمل ومرتبط با مخاطره خاص

- تحليل منابع موجود- تشريح وظايف ومسئوليتها

تشريح ساختارمديريتي-تدوین سناریو های محتمل5. 

سامانه فرماندهي حادثه مبتني برمخاطره

و 6. برمخاطره مبتني حادثه فرماندهي سامانه تدوين: مرتبط سناریو

ساعت 0- 2 7.

ساعت 2– 12 8.

از 9. ساعت 12بیشمعمول 10. شرایط به بازگشت و ريزي برنامه راهنماي تدوين تخت تعداد اساس بر حادثه مدیریت چارت تدوین

موجود های بیمارستان در پاسخ راهنماي تدوين موقعيتها وظايف شرح تهيه

Notification and alarm processing: possible template

Government Emergency Service

Fire-police-CD…

Hospital initial notification

Dept. receiving notif.completes situation report& contacts switch board

On duty Senior Med evaluates the initialnotificationdecides levelopens Command Room

ED: opening of triage area and preparation for receiving patients

Surgery cancels elective cases

Recovery transferscases to nursingunits

ICU transfers allcases possible to medical & surgical units

Outpatient dept prepares delayed care area

Level of Activation of the Plan

level of preparedness

State of preparedness

state of increased preparedness

state of disaster

Activation Command Group

Specific actions and procedures

1 2

3

alarm decision no action

Specific actions and procedures

Specific actions and procedures

الگویی تحلیل خطر

Hospitals are encouraged to use their Hazard Vulnerability Analysis to create their own

scenarios, either individually or in collaboration with other facilities or response organizations.

دقیق و سیستماتیک تحلیل اساس بر باید ها بیمارستان

را محتمل های سناریو پذیری آسیب و مخاطرات. کنند استخراج

مخاطرات خطر وقوع حداکثر احتمالمقیاس:

خفیف، متوسط، شدیدآسیب جانی

خسارت مالی

خسارت کشاورزی

خسارت محیطی

کم شدیدگردباد زیاد زیاد زیادزیاد شدیدزلزله زیاد کم زیاد

فوران آتشفشrان شدید

زیاد متوسط زیاد زیاد

رانش زمین متوسط

کم- متوسط متوسط متوسط متوسط

سیل ناگهrrrrrrrrانیمتوسط

زیاد متوسط زیاد زیاد

آلrrودگی نفrrتی سrrاحلخفیف

کم کم کم زیاد

آتش سrrrrوزی شrrrrهری/روسrrrrتایی متوسط- شدید

کم متوسط کم متوسط

فوریت صrنعتی متوسط

کم کم کم کم

فوریت شrrrrrrrیمیاییمتوسط

کم کم کم کم

فوریت جrrrrrrrاده ایمتوسط

زیاد کم - کم

فوریت هrوایی متوسط

زیاد کم کم کم

اپیrrدمی هrrا/ همrrه گrrیری هrrامتوسط

زیاد در بیماریهای

خاص( آنفوالنزا)

کم کم کم

خشکسrrrrrrrrrالیمتوسط

کم زیاد زیاد کم

تروریسrrrrrrrم خفیف

زیاد کم کم کم

سونامی/طوفان های ساحلیخفیف

کم- زیاد زیاد –متوسط

در مناطق ساحلی

کممتوسط – زیاد

در مناطق ساحلی

فوریت دریایی متوسط

زیاد کم -

بسته به حادثه اما با احتمال زیاد آلودگی

ساحلی

الگوی برنامه ریزی اقتضایی

فرایندی است که بر اساس آن تیم مدیریتیبیمارستان به مجموعه توافقاتی به منظور پاسخ

و بهبودی از حوادثی که بر اساس فرایند تحلیل خطر پیش بینی می کنند رسیده و در این برنامه:

مسئولیت ها1.

ساختار مدیریتی 2.

استراتژی ها 3.

و منابع مبتنی بر سناریو های محتمل مشخص 4.می گردد.

Khankeh

پیش نیاز های تدوین برنامه

: از آگاهیبهداشت 1. وزارت های برنامه و ها سیاستسایت 2. و جغرافیای منطقه خطر نقشه

بیمارستانمنطقه 3. در سالمتی خدمات ضعف و قوت نقاطموجود 4. های ظرفیت و ها توانمندیقبلی 5. حوادث در خدمات ارائه ضعف نقاط

مشکالت احتمالی

علل استراتژی های پیشگیرانه استراتژی های پاسخ و بهبودی

اتفاقات شروع کنندهtrigger event

عدم وجود تخت خالی جهت تامین

فضای درمانی

مناسب در اورژانس به منظور پاسخگویی به نیاز ها

اشغال تخت توسط

بیمارانی که از قبل

بستری شده اند, تخریب تعدادی از تخت ها و بخش ها,

هجوم مردم با و

مصدومین به بیمارستان

بیمارستان حد اقل تعداد تخت جهت مواقع 50

بحران تهیه و در انبار بیمارستان نگهداری کرده و در جهت راه اندازی آنها در شرایط عادی در حیاط

.بیمارستان تمرین شود

در حیاط بیمارستان بوسیله واحد پشتیبانی در فضای باز روی زمین فضای جایگزین ایجاد .گردد

مصدومیت تعداد زیادی از مردم در اثر زلزله و عدم تریاژ و ارائه خدمات اولیه در محل حادثه

کم بودن پرسنل

پرستاری و پزشکی اورژانس

کشته شدن تعدادی از پرسنل, خروج

تعدادی به منظور

رسیدگی به خانواده و یا وحشت زده بودن ناشی

از وقوع زلزله

سازماندهی پرسنل موجود و درخواست از مرکز هدایت عملیات

براساس برنامه ریزی بحران

پرسنل به تعداد کافی جهت کار

در بخش اورژانس پیش

بینی شده, پرسنل جایگزین به بیمارستان

مراجعه و پرسنل موجود

بر اساس برنامه قبلی به خانواده خود مراجعه و خدمات خود را ادامه می دهند

وقوع زلزله

استراتژی(پیشگیری و پاسخ)

منابع مورد نیاز امکانات در دسترس

اختالف سازمان مسئول(واح

د یا فرد مسئول)

تامین حد اقل تخت 50تعداد

جهت مواقع بحران تهیه و

در انبار بیمارستان

نگهداری شود.(استراتژی پیشگیری)

تخت 50تعداد بیمارستانی قابل حمل و راه اندازی سریع

در حال حاضر تختی با مشخصات فوق در بیمارستان .وجود ندارد

تخت 50 مدیر داخلی

پرسنل به تعداد کافی جهت کار در

بخش اورژانس پیش بینی شده و به

صورت در دسترس آماده

.باشند

.منابع انسانیامکان دسترسی به

نفر 50حداقل پرستار و پرسنل کمکی جهت تامین خدمات مورد نیاز مصدومین .در اورژانس

وجود حداکثر نفر 20

پرسنل مورد نیاز

تامین نفر 30

کمبود پرسنل

دانشگاه علوم

پزشکی, مرکز هدایت

عملیات, رییس

بیمارستان, مترون

وظايف

بعد از سازمانها

حادثهحين حادثه

قبل

ازحادثه

فرایند اجرایی برنامه پاسخ بیمارستانی

اجرای برنامه پیشگیری شامل تحلیل دوره ای خطر با 1.چک لیست های استاندارد

ارائه ساختار پاسخ از طریق تدوین سیستم مدیریتی بر 2.اساس سناریو های محتمل و سازماندهی پرسنل در

)HICSچارچوب سیستم( نفر برای هر مسئولیت5-3آموزش 3.ابالغ شرح وظایف جایگاه ها 4.آموزش کل پرسنل به منظور آشناسازی با برنامه و 5.

شرح وظایفبرگزاری مانور دورمیزی و عملیاتی6.بازنگری و اصالح برنامه7.انجام هماهنگی های درونی و بیرونی 8.

فعال کردن برنامهفعال کردن سیستم هشدار و اعالم وضعیت(شدت و گستردگی حادثه, منابع)تحلیل موقعیتفعال کردن مرحله ای برنامه عملیاتیفعال کردن مرکز مدیریت حادثه بیمارستانفراخوانی تیم مدیریتیفعال کردن سامانه برنامه ریزی عملیاتی حادثهارتباط و همامنگیبازگشت به وضع عادیبازسازی بیمارستان

سامانه فرماندهی حوادث بیمارستانی

چارچوب و ساختارشرح وظایف بر اساس زمانبندیراهنمای پاسخ بر اساس سناریوراهنمای برنامه ریزی بر اساس سناریو

راهنمای برنامه ریزی

راهنمای برنامه ریزی به بیمارستان کمک می کند تا :

برای حوادث محتمل برنامه داشته باشدبرنامه موجود را ارزیابی کندروش های اجرایی را توسعه دهد

پاسخ راهنمای

برای پاسخ و 14راهنمای خارجی 13سناریوی. است شده تدوین داخلی سناریوی

تصمیم با مرتبط مالحظات از فهرستی راهنما ایناساس بر حادثه مدیریت برای الزم های گیری

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