how to build graphs, charts and plots. for categorical data if the data is nominal, then: few...
Post on 18-Jan-2018
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How to build graphs, charts and plots
For Categorical data• If the data is
nominal, then:• Few values: Pie
Chart• Many Values:
Pareto Chart (order of bars determined by frequency)
• If the data is ordinal, then:• Bar Graph (order
of bars determined by order of the ranking variable)
For Numerical Data• Value classes are
contiguous intervals that cover all possible data values
• Frequency counts can be made one class at a time (non-cumulative), or one more class every row (cumulative).
• Frequency counts can also be absolute or relative
Graphs for numerical dataGraph Horizontal
AxisVertical Axis
HistogramBar Graph
Class Midpoints
Non-cumulative Frequency
F or %Polygon
Line ChartClass
MidpointsNon-cumulative
FrequencyF or %
OgiveLine Chart
Upper Class Limits
Cumulative Frequency
F or %
Other graphs for numerical data• Time Series plot
• Excel’s Insert|Graph Tab• Stem-Leaf plot
• Excel’s data analysis tools
Other graphs for numerical data• Run Chart• Box-Whisker plot (excel add ins)
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