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How Will Networks of the Future EffectHow Will Networks of the Future Effect Infrastructure Decisions Today?
Nathan Benton, RCDD, DCDCNathan Benton, RCDD, DCDCTechnical Director – North American Region
CommScope, Inc.
Registered Communications Distribution DesignerRegistered Communications Distribution DesignerMS Business IT – Information Assurance
Agenda
Why Are We Even Having This Discussion?
History of Change Until Now
F t T h lFuture Technology
802.11ac Wi-Fi
400Gb/s and 1Tb/s Ethernet
Leaf and Spine Data Center Architecture
10G D i F d10G Design Freedom
The History of Changey g•10Base-2 Network Architecture•Hardware driving Infrastructureg•Bus Topology
•Thinnet (coax) Cabling – RG-58•BNC Connectors•BNC Connectors•T-connector and Terminators
The History of Change•100Base-FX •Star Topology
y g
•Star Topology•Backbone or Horizontal Ports
•50 or 62.5 micron Fiber Cable•First MT-RJ ports•LC Connectors Permanent Solution
The History of Change
•10G Ethernet•Primary use today is in Data Center•Primary use today is in Data Center•Core/Distribution/Access Ports
•50 or 62.5 micron Fiber Cable•Direct Attach Cable (Twinax)•LC ConnectorsMPO Connectors (40/100G)•MPO Connectors (40/100G)
The History of Change•Fiber Channel over Ethernet•Primarily uses ToR Topology
•50 or 62.5 micron Fiber Cable•Direct Attach Cable (Twinax)•LC ConnectorsMPO C t (40/100G)•MPO Connectors (40/100G)
Evolution of 802.11 of Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11ac – Wi-Fi for the Mobile and Video Generation Broadcom 2012
IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi
•IEEE 802.11ac
•Initial use in residential applications
•Speeds up to 3.6Gbps
•5 GHz Frequencyq y
•Multiple Antennas
•Beamforming•Beamforming
IEEE 802.11ac – Wi-Fi for the Mobile and Video Generation Broadcom 2012
How Can We Achieve Such High Speeds?Speeds?
802 11 64 b i 20 Mh B d id h 16 h QAM 54 Mb•802.11a – 64 subcarriers, 20 Mhz Bandwidth, 16 phase QAM– 54 Mbps
•802.11n – 64 subcarriers, 20/40 MHz Bandwidth, 64 phase QAM, MIMO – 600 Mbps
•802.11ac – 512 subcarriers, 80/160 MHz Bandwidth, 256 phase QAM, Multi-user MIMO – 3.6 Gbps
*What’s The Difference Between 802.11n And 802.11ac, Electronic Design, 2012
How Can We Achieve Such High Speeds?Speeds?
•Bandwidth – 20 MHz vs. 160 Mhz
Th hi h th b d idth th OFMD b i•The higher the bandwidth the more OFMD subcarriers•From 16 phase to 512 phase
•MIMO vs. MU-MIMO
•MIMO uses multiple receivers, transmitters and antennas•Spatial Division Multiplexing – create multiple streams within the bandwidth channelschannels•MU-MIMO – doubles the number of data streams
•Frequency – 5 GHz vs. 2.4 GHz
•5Ghz more robust and less interference from other devices•Higher frequency means less range•Incorporate Beam Forming to extend range
*What’s The Difference Between 802.11n And 802.11ac, Electronic Design, 2012
•Incorporate Beam Forming to extend range
Beamformingg•Beamforming was introduced as part of the 802.11n standard as an option
U f t hi h ll t itt t “l ” th t t t•Uses an array of antennas which allows transmitters to “learn” pathways to target devices
•Use its’ surroundings to form the transmit or receive streams “around” barriersg
•Gives the signals a chance to penetrate typical barriers such as concrete or metal
http://www.quantenna.com/beamforming.html
Infrastructure required to support 802 11ac802.11ac
•Until now Wi-Fi speeds have been less than 1Gbps•Supported by a single Category 5e or Category 6 cable•Category 6/6a cables for PoE or PoE+
•Manufacturers of some 802.11n solutions (Xirrus) use multiple gigabit ports for load balancingbalancing
•Early versions of 802.11ac deployments will achieve speeds of 800 MHz •Cat5e and 6 are still acceptable
•Higher end version capable of exceeding 1Gbps will likely have multiple gigabit ports
•Recommendations
•Migrations to 802.11ac networks will be via 11n networks based on frequency used
•Single or multiple Cat6/6a or 1GBase-T ports
Where are we Today with EthernetEthernet
•IEEE 802.3ba – HSE Standard
D fi 40 d 100Gb Eth t•Defines 40 and 100Gb Ethernet
•2007 IEEE 802.3 High Speed Study Group TutorialG oup u o a
•Significant findings•Application Data Rates DifferTwo Data Rates required•Two Data Rates required
•Most significant is the recognition of the need for even higher speed g pEthernet
•IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Bandwidth Assessment Ad Hoc created
IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Bandwidth Assessment
Bandwidth Assessment Ad Hoc created
Infrastructure Support for 40/100Gbps40/100Gbps
•TIA Defined Cabling Infrastructure required to support 40/100Gps
•SMF and MMF support•SMF and MMF support•SMF - CWDM•MMF – Parallel Optics
•Initially only very short lengths for copper supportInitially only very short lengths for copper support
Converged 40/100GbE Data Center Fabric – Frank Yang - CommScope
Predicted Growth by Verticaly•Financial and Science Sectors Leading the Growth
•Trading•Genome ProjectGenome Project
IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Bandwidth Assessment
Drivers for Speeds over 100Gbpsp p•Sciences and Financial Markets driving Needs
•Data Center Requirements to support Growth•Data Center Requirements to support Growth•Storage •Compute
IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Bandwidth Assessment
Infrastructure to Support 400Gbps – 1Tbps1Tbps
•First of all there is no TIA Standard for 400Gbps or 1Tbps
B ild th t Pl tf f M lti d Fib ?•Build on the current Platform for Multimode Fiber?
•10GBase-SR4 – (4) 10G lanes to support 40Gbps•100GBase-SR10 (10) 10G lanes to support 100Gbps( ) pp p
•If we extend that out to 400Gbps and 1Tbps
•(40) 10G lanes to support 400 bps
Parallel Transmission over 12 Fibres
12 x 10 Gb/s•(40) 10G lanes to support 400 bps•(100) 10G lanes to support 1Tbps
•Build on the current Platform for Singlemode?
12 x 10 Gb/sTransmit
12 x 10 Gb/s
•(2) Fiber 100Gbps x 4 circuits = 8 Fibers for 400Gbps•(2) Fiber 100Gbps x 10 circuits = 20 Fibers for 1Tbps
12 x 10 Gb/sReceive
Real World Example of 400Gbpsp p
•Alcatel Predicting 4 port 100Gbps Cards will l bi t i d t i i 400 Gbplay a big part in determining 400 Gbps
•Service Routing driven by IPTV
•Port Aggregation
•2, 4, 8 Port XMA Cards
The Effect of Virtualization•Why Virtualize my Data Center
•Better Operational Efficiency
•Higher Availability of DataL H d•Less Hardware
•Less Impact on Network for Maintenance•Lower Power usage
What are we Looking for in a Virtual EnvironmentVirtual Environment
•From a Cloud perspective – large-scale elastic networks
•With Virtualization – traffic flows that are East and West
•VM Mobility
http://info.nsiserv.com/network-support-computer-services-CT/bid/25643/What-is-Virtualization-IT-Support-expert-gives-non-tech-explanation
Where Do We Stand Today In DC ArchitectureArchitecture
•Three Tiered Network Architecture
•Core •Distribution / Aggregation•Access
•Efficient for non-virtualized environments
•North and South Traffic Flows•North and South Traffic Flows
http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/focus/archive/2011/07/right-sizing-data-center-network-core
Leaf Spine Architecturep•Accommodates server to server or VM to VMC ( )•Connections (East and West)
•Low Latency•Non-blocking switchingNon blocking switching
•Full Mesh Architecture•Layer 3
http://www datacenterdynamics com/focus/archive/2011/07/righ
•Keeps traffic decisions among the Spine Switches
http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/focus/archive/2011/07/right-sizing-data-center-network-core•Fewer Hops
Physical Cabling Requiredy g q•Server to the Leaf Switch
•1g or 10G•Uplink from Leaf to Spine
•40 Gbps Uplinks
Leaf Switch to the Server
Category 6A Cables
Direct Attached Cables
Direct Attached Cables
Optical Fiber Cables
FibOM3 UTP or FTP
Fiber or Twinax
OM3or OM4
Multimode Fiber 10Gb Cabling OptionOption
PROs CONsPROs
Low Power1 watt
Hi h C tLong Distances550 meters
High Cost$699/port
Low Latency
Direct Attached 10Gb Cabling OptionOption
PROs CONsPROs
Low PowerShort Distances7 meters
1-2 watts
Low LatencyHigh cost for patch cords
Impact on Data Center Design•Short reach direct attached cables forces a ToR
hiarchitecture – 7 meter max
• Increased cost for more switches
Top of RackTop of Rack 3 3 -- TieredTieredswitches
• Increased management domains Data Center Architecture
Design Freedom•10GBase-T allows you to use current architectures – 100m
Design Freedom
•Better Port Utilization Leaf Leaf -- SpineSpine Direct ConnectDirect Connect
Let’s Talk Power
10 watt power consumption1st Gen PHYs90 nm
6 watt power consumption2nd Gen PHYs65 nm
<4 watt power consumption3rd Gen PHYs40 nm
<2.5 watt power consumption4th Gen PHYs28 nm
Further Reduction of PowerPower Consumption for 10GBase-T to under 1 watt
2 modes of operation. Less than 30 meters greatly reduces power consumption
Reduces power consumption 50 %Low-Power Idle
Further reduces power by putting ports in idle mode when not in use
Next Gen PHY will reduce power to 750 milliwatts
Short ReachEnergy
Wake on LAN 28 nm PHYShort Reach Efficient Ethernet
Wake on LAN 28 nm PHY
Myth: 10GBASE-T Cause Too Much LatencyLatency
• The latency of 10GBASE-T PHY usually is 50% lower than that of 1000BASET
10GBASE-T PHY Ping Response TCP File Transfer Web Server Response
Description 2 PHY devices 2 servers back to TCP file transfer From a browser back to back without cabling
back with a 10GbE fiber connection, round trip
across 10GbE network (3 switching hops), round trip
to a web server, round trip
Latency 2.5 microseconds 90 microseconds 0.3 to 1 millisecond (ms)
50 ms
Share (%) of – 5% 1 7 to 0 5% 0 01%Share (%) of latency from 10GBASE-T PHY
5% 1.7 to 0.5% 0.01%
Source: Intel, White Paper by CommScope, Intel and Cisco, 2012
Fact: Most Real-world Applications Are Not Sensitive to That Latency
Fiber Channel over 10GBASE-T EthernetEthernet
Before 2012
Fiber Fiber Fiber Fiber Breakthrough
Intel Converged Network Adapter X540 T2Intel Converged Network Adapter X540-T2Launched in March, 2012
Reference Material
h // i 802 /3/ d h /b /BWA R df
http://www.pcworld.com/article/231305/Alcatel_Leaps_Ahead_With_400_gigabit_Routing_Chip.html
http://www.ieee802.org/3/ad_hoc/bwa/BWA_Report.pdf
http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57495639-93/ethernets-future-how-fast-is-fast-enough/
http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/06/29/alcatel-lucent-unleashes-400-gbps-fp3-chip/
http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/products/detail?LMSG_CABINET=Solution_Product_Catalog&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=Products/Product_Detail_001181.xml#tabAnchor4
http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/focus/archive/2011/07/right-sizing-data-center-network-core
http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/c03042885/c03042885.pdf
http://www.f5.com/pdf/white-papers/dc-virtualization-wp.pdf
https://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/21-Data_Center_Fabrics_-_What_Really_Matters_(RIPE).pdf
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