hybrid drive systems for vehicles ion - lth ht17/lectures/ehs_l3_2017_conv.pdf · hybrid drive...

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Hybrid Drive Systems for Vehicles

• L3

– Non ideal vehicle components

– The conventional vehicle

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So far

• No ICE efficiency and limitation model

• No transmission efficiency model

• Modelling needed !

– Today the ICE and the transmission

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ICE combustion principles

• Otto

– Balanced fuel/air ratio

– Injection, ignition and throttle controlled

• Diesel

– No throttle

– Direct diesel injection

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Primary energy converters – The

ICE

• Reciprocating or rotating

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ICE – combustion cycles

• Four stroke

• Two stroke

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ICE modelling

• Efficiency in stationary operation

OTTO DIESEL

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ICE Optimal working point

P = mechanical power

RPMNm

RPMNm

RPMNm

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ICE Dynamics

• Look up tables only true in stationary operation

• In a transient, several phenomena cause deviations: – Wall wetting

– Air flow dynamics

– …

• Quasi stationary OK, slower than e.g. 0.5…1 second time constant.

• Possible in Hybrid Vehicles. Not really in conventional vehicles.

• Soot att to high fuel/air mixtures, especially diesel. – ”Getting up through the soot-map”

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Transmissions (Manual)

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Transmissions (Dual Clutch)

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Transmissions (CVT)

• Continuously Variable Transmission

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Transmissions (Aut w torque conv)

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Generator load

• Apart from the

drivers torque

requirement:

– The Aux Power is

recalculated into a

torque and added to

the torque reference

– The corresponding

load torque is

subtracted from the

ICE output torque

© Mats Alaküla EHS

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Modelling of the transmission in the

Simulation program

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Manual transmission gear shift

strategy

1. The desired ICE power is calculated

2. The corresponding ICE Torque and

Speed is picked

3. Based on vehicle speed and desired ICE

speed, the best operating point for the

ICE is determined.

4. The real (available) gear position with

closest gear ration is selected

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