hydrologic modeling david r. maidment, oscar robayo, venkatesh merwade, carlos patino, nate johnson,...

Hydrologic Modeling

David R. Maidment, Oscar Robayo, Venkatesh Merwade, Carlos Patino, Nate Johnson, Sergio Martinez, Tim Whiteaker,

Dan Obenour

Center for Research in Water Resources University of Texas at Austin

Hydrologic Information Systems

Modeling

Geodatabase

A hydrologic information system is a combination of geospatial and temporal hydrologic data with hydrologic models that supports hydrologic practice, science and education

Database

GeoHMS

GeoRAS

InterfacePrograms

HMS

RAS

GIS

GIS Preprocessors for Hydrologic Models

HMSIDM

RASIDM

Interfacedata models

HMS

RAS

GIS

GeoDatabase

Arc Hydrodata model

Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models

HMSIDM

Interfacedata models

HMS

RAS

GIS

GeoDatabase

Arc Hydrodata model

GeoRAS

Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models

GeoHMS

RASIDM

Development of a Geographic Framework for an Integrated Flood Modeling System

David Maidment

Oscar Robayo

Tim Whiteaker

Dan Obenour

August, 2004

University of Texas at Austin

Center for Research in Water Resources

Department of Civil Engineering

By

Regional Storm Water Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Modeling Program and

Master Plan for San Master Plan for San AntonioAntonio

City ofSan Antonio

Modeling System

Rainfall Data:Rain gagesNexrad

Calibration Data:FlowsWater Quality

Geospatial Data:City, CountySARA, other

FloodplainManagement

IntegratedRegional Water

Resources planning

CapitalImprovemen

tPlanning

FloodForecasting

Water qualityplanning

San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System

“Bring the models together”

Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study

• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps

• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase

• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans

Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study

• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps

• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase

• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans

NEXRAD WSR-88D Radars in Central Texas(Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler)

scanning range = 230 km

Source: PBS&J, 2003

EWX – NEXRAD Radar in New Braunfels

Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service (03/04/2004)

Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service (03/29/2004)

FEMA 100-year flood plain map in Bexar County

Reading Historical Archives of NEXRAD Datasets from Internet

FTP Server

Local

Internet

Real-Time NEXRAD Datasets from Web Services

Design Rainfall Maps

100yr 24h

100yr 06h 100yr 12h

RC1 RU

09R CO

08R CO

07R CO06R CO

04R CO03R CO

01R CO

02R CO

05R CO

Regional Watershed Modeling System Case Study

Rosillo Creekwatershed

• Arc Hydro Geodatabasefor whole watershed• HEC-HMS hydrology modelfor whole watershed• HEC-RAS hydraulic model for Rosillo Creek

Salado Creek watershed

Components:

Bexar County

Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS

Arc HydroSchematic Network

HEC-HMSHydrologic

Model

Calculates Flows

Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS

Arc HydroChannel

Cross Sections

HEC-RASHydraulic

Model

Calculates Water Surface

Elevations

HEC Data Storage System (DSS)(binary data file system shared by HEC models)

• An exact replica of the binary DSS files is stored in the ArcGIS geodatabase

• An Arc 9 Toolbox exchanges data between DSS and the geodatabase

Time series catalog

Many time series

Flow Change PointsModels communicate with

one another through Arc Hydro at designated points

Information Flow

HEC-RAS

HEC-HMS

Rainfall

Flood Eleva

tions

Streamflow 4

2

3

1

Streamflo

w

Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Arc 9 Model Builder FLO

ODPLAIN MAP

Flood map as output

Model for flood flow

Model for flood

depth

HMS

Nexrad rainfall map as input

Map to Map Demo

Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study

• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps

• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase

• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans

Interfacedata models

HMS

RAS

WRAP

GIS

GeoDatabase

Arc Hydrodata model

Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models

HMS files HMS IDM

RAS IDMRAS files

HEC Interface Data Models

ArcCatalog Views

IDM Arc Hydro Compliance

• Arc Hydro connectivity and naming conventions

Arc Hydro Geodatabase

HydroID

IDM Geodatabase

FeatureID

HECProgram files

Element NamesHMSCode

Constant Loss Rate (inches/hour)

Llano at Junction Model

Rainfall lost to infiltration

Snyder Time to Peak (hours)

Llano at Junction Model

Time to Peak

Modified Puls Storage (ac-ft)

Llano at Junction Model

Storage required to produce 5000

cfs flow

XML-Based Data Exchange

•Platform Independent

•Application Independent

•Ready to share with many third party applications

•Updates do not require code recompilation

Objectives

• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study

• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps

• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase

• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans

Preliminary Interface Data Model for

HSPF

Nate Johnson & David Maidment

ESRI User’s ConferenceSan Diego, CAAugust 8, 2004

• Preliminary Geodatabase for HSPF IDM:Interface Data Model for HSPF

Arc

Hyd

roIn

term

edia

teT

o B

AS

INS

(demo)

• GenScn is a open source, public domain program distributed with the USEPA’s BASINS software

• Primarily designed for postprocessing timeseries data from HSPF models

GenScn: Generalized Scenario Management

• Links Geospatial data (shapefiles) to Timeseries data and allows users to interact with the data

Organizing and selecting timeseries that describe geospatial data– Timeseries are organized around 3 key

attributes:• Location (can be linked to geospatial data)• Scenario (can be used for scenario management)• Constituent (what the timeseries describes)

(demo)

Animating Timeseries linked to geospatial data

• Arc Hydro and GenScn– CRWR has worked on reading Arc Hydro

timeseries into GenScn’s representation to make it available to GenScn’s tools

– When completed, will also facilitate the transfer of timeseries from Arc Hydro format to .wdm, and vice versa

– .wdm is the time series format used by EPA Basins systems

Instream Flow Studies

Instream Flow

Decision Making

Hydrodynamic

Model

Habitat

Descriptions

Habitat

Model

ArcGISSMS/RMA2 Biological Data

Collection

Depth & velocity

Species groups

Criterion

Habitat Modeling

Velocity + Depth + Habitat Description

Mesohabitat Output

L e g e n d

V A L U E

D ry

B a c k w a t e r

S h a l lo w M a rg in

S h a l lo w M a rg in w / S tr u c t u re

R i ff le

D e e p M a r g in

D e e p M a r g in w / S tr u c t u re

M id - C h a n n e l

M id - C h a n n e l w / S t ru c t u re

G r a p h o f M e s o h a b ita t

H a b i t a t T y p e (b y c o lo r)

6 9 2 94 3 2 7

5 88 1

8 6 1 2 726 3 0

4 0

1 1 23 7

1 2 20

5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 5 0 0 0

C o u n t

Mesohabitat output for 41.22 m3/s.

• Priority segments are 100s of miles long

• Representative reaches (study areas) are only a few (<5) miles long

Priority Segments in Texas for Instream Flow Studies

Bathymetry of the Brazos River

Data representation

Points Profile lines and cross-sections

3D CrossSections and ProfileLines

River Channel Morphology Model

1. Get the shape (blue line or DOQ)2. Using the shape, locate the thalweg3. Using thalweg location, create cross-sections4. Network of cross-sections and profile lines

1 2 3 4

Normalizing the data

Z

d

nL nR0- +

Zd

P(ni, zi)

w = nL + nR

For any point P(ni,zi), the normalized coordinates are:n* = (ni – nL)/wz* = (Z – zi)/d

For nL = -15, nR = 35, d = 5, Z=10

P (10, 7.5) becomes Pnew(0.5, 0.5)

Cross-sections as beta pdfs

eta c/s = (eta1 + eta2) * k

1=5, 1=2, 2=3, 2=3, factor = 0.5 1=2, 1=2, 2=3, 2=7, factor = 0.6

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00x

bet

a c/

s

Beta c/s

Beta1

Beta2

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00x

bet

a c/

s

Beta c/s

Beta1

Beta2

Create beta cross-sections for different thalweg locations

Hydraulic Geometry Relationshipsw = 95.654Q0.1206

R2 = 0.8164

100

1000

100 1000 10000 100000

Flow, Q(cfs)

Ave

rag

e W

idth

, w

(fe

et)

a = 95.654b = 0.1206

d = 1.4895Q 0.2537

R2 = 0.8672

1

10

100

100 1000 10000 100000Flow, Q (cfs)

Ave

rag

e D

epth

, d

(fe

et) c = 1.4895

f = 0.2537

Hydraulic geometry relationships for Brazos River at Richmond.

Hydraulic geometry relate flow with channel width, depth, and velocity.

Channel measurements can be downloaded from USGS website.

(http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw)

Brazos River in Texas

0 1,000500Meters

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River Channel Demo

• Show the Brazos basin and priority instream flow segments in the basin

• Select a reach (@10 miles) along the Lower Brazos river

• For the selected reach, use the RCMM toolbar to 1. Generate thalweg using the channel boundary2. Generate cross-sections using the thalweg3. Generate profile-lines using the cross-sections

• Show the 3D river channel form generated by RCMM in ArcScene

Water Management Information System

for the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin

Carlos PatinoDaene McKinneyDavid MaidmentAugust, 2004

Collaboration between USA-Mexico

• Cooperation of – CRWR (Center for Research in Water Resources) of

the University of Texas at Austin, – CNA (Mexican National Water Commission), and– IMTA (Mexican Institute of Water Technology)

• Has resulted in the development of an Arc Hydro geodatabase for the Rio Grande/Bravo basin

• A one-stop shop for geospatial and temporal water resources information for the basin

• Training materials in english and spanish on GIS Hydro 2004

Mexico: 7 Hydrologic subregions (228,000 km2)

USA: 9 Hydrologic Subregions (327,000 km2, closed basins included)

Total Area: 555,000 km2

Digital Elevation Model for Each Subregion

RIO GRANDE DEMO•Showing the hydrological subregions •Network Tracing analyst Showing the relationships among HydroJunction, monitoring points, Watersheds, and HydroEdges (Use HydroJunction 2020100022)•Showing the time series related to La Boquilla dam.