hzgd#23 lara esser - small hydro power & sustainability goals v1c
Post on 19-Jun-2015
438 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013&International Goals
Presented by Lara EsserInternational Center on Small Hydro Power under auspices of UNIDO5 March 2014@Green Drinks Hz
Overview
• Background– What is small hydropower?– ICSHP and UNIDO– Millennium Development Goals – Energy access and rural electrification
• Report and Knowledge Platform– Example Eastern Asia / China– Results– Recommendations
What is Small Hydropower?• Small-scale renewable technology• Rural electrification, remote areas• On-grid or off-grid• Run-of river type or reservoir-type• Power = Head x Flow x Gravity
Source: Kangmei
ICSHP
Small Hydropower Turbine Types
Pelton Banki Francis Crosssflow
• Net Power = Gross Power x Efficiency• Generation of electricity is the conversion of one form of power to another • Water power – rotational power – electrical power
Source: Wikimedia Commons
ZAMBIA, 1 MW, 2012 commissioned, mini-grid
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, community contribution
SHP definition of up to 10 MW installed capacity or country definition. It’s not only about technology…
Source: http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/AH/pages/Publications_Downloads+Standard_and_Guidelines.html
SOUTH AFRICANUPLANET
AFGHANISTANSource: NUPLANET
Source: http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/AH/pages/Publications_Downloads+Standard_and_Guidelines.html
Source: http://www.iitr.ac.in/departments/AH/pages/Publications_Downloads+Standard_and_Guidelines.html
International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP)
• International technology center under auspices of UNIDO, based in Hangzhou
• Proposal to establish international network (INSHP) - 1992
• Granted consultative status with UNIDO - 1998
• First ever international institution established in China
Promote SHP Development Worldwide
• Demonstration bases in Gansu, Zhejiang, 2x Hunan
• Regional centers in Nigeria and India• Lighting up Rural Africa (e.g. Zambia)
ZAMBIA, SHIWANGANDU
Promote SHP Development Worldwide
• Refurbishment projects in Federated States of Micronesia and DPR Korea
DPR KOREA
UNIDO• Partner for prosperity• Poverty reduction through productive activities• Trade capacity building• Inclusive and sustainable industrial development (green
economy/green industry)• Renewable energy and energy efficiency are needed to
improve energy security
Director General LI Yong
Millennium Development Goals
http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview.html
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger
Proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day, 1990 & 2010 (Percentage)
The MDG target has been met, poverty rates have been halved between 1990 and 2010, but 1.2 billion people still live in extreme poverty.
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2013
7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by more than 46% since 1990.
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), 1990 and 2010 (Billions of metric tonnes)
More than 2.1 billion people and almost 1.9 billon people, respectively, have gained access to improved water sources and sanitation facilities since 1990.
Energy Access
• 2.7 billion must rely solely on traditional biomass to meet their energy needs (IEA, 2011)
• 1.3 billion people do not have access to electricity (IEA, 2011)
• UN estimates that of those with access to electricity, 1 billion have poor quality electricity or can only obtain it intermittently from unreliable grid networks (AGECC, 2010)
The Future We Want – Rio+20 2012 – Int’l Year ofSustainable Energy 4 All• Ensure universal access to
modern energy services by 2030.
• Double share of RE in the world’s energy mix by 2030.
Our common future• Heads of State and Gov with ‘full
participation’ of civil society• Eradicate poverty • Mainstream sustainable
development*• Energy plays critical role in dev
– Energy key input into production
• Address access to sustainable modern energy services
– in particular for the poor – make financial resources
available
• Use appropriate policies & strategies
– Use appropriate energy mix
* Promote economic, social & env aspects & recognize interlinkages
• Microgrids can result in unit prices under USD1/month
• Nepal: 1,500 households, 54% decrease in kerosene use after connection to a micro-hydro powered grid, household income increased by 52% from 1996 to 2005. Significant reduction in mortality rate of children under 5 and maternal mortality rates.
Haiti: rural householdsav 10USD on kerosene +candles, 4 USD/month on cell-phone battery charging
Bangladesh: 1/2 liter kerosene every night,11USD/month
20-45 USD/kWh for kerosene lighting if CFL or LED equivalent
60-115 USD/kWh for cell-phone charging (depends on size of battery)
Other Global Reports
WSHPDR 2013
• First global assessment on small hydropower usage and potential for policymakers, SHP stakeholders, investors
• Joint undertaking of ICSHP and UNIDO
• Covering 20 regions 152 countries/ territories• >60 contributing organizations and experts
• Main findings (SHP definition: up to 10 MW)– 148 countries/territories use SHP– 4 have potential but no installed capacity yet– Installed SHP capacity (2011/2012): >75 GW– Global SHP potential: 173 GW
• Knowledge plaform live since 12 February 2014
SMALLHYDROPOWER WORLD
www.smallhydroworld.org
• Installed electrical capacity
• Next 20-30 years energy mix 1st coal, 2nd hydro
• Hydro 220 GW– 400 GW by 2030– 450-500 GW by 2050
• Rural electrification increased – from 61% at village
level in 1978 to 99.74% in 2008
China has benefitted from SHP
• More than 300 million people in 1/3 of all counties, and covering half of all the territories in China, have access to electric power due to SHP
• Based on 50 MW definition, largest SHP potential in the world is in China
• By 2012, approximately 45,799 SHP stations with a total installed capacity of about 65.68 GW and an annual output of over 217,300 GWh.
• Pre-1990: plants mainly funded by the central and local governments
• After late 1990s: gradual transition away from govts and towards corporate enterprises and private ownership – Chinese investment system
started to be reformed through a combination of govt guidance and market mechanisms
– Rapid development of the economy, caused power supply shortages
SHP Ownership
• Since early 1970s: ‘Self-construction, self-management and self-consumption’ policy
• Value added tax (VAT) for SHP has, since 1994, stood at 6% (vs 17% tax for large hp stations)
• 12th FYP (2011-2015) and its objectives1. Fully complete the National Planning of New Rural Electrification i.e. to
invest 43.52 billion Yuan (about US$7 billion) to build SHP plants in 300 new rural electrification counties, with a planned new installed capacity of 5,156 MW (output of 19.16 TWh).
2. Implement tasks covered by Hydropower for Fossil Fuel Power Plan (2009–2015) which aims to solve, through firewood substitution, the fuel concerns of 6.78 million rural residents and to protect a forest area of 1,593,333 hectares, by constructing 1,022 SHP stations with an installed capacity of 1,705.6 MW.
3. Carry out small (rural) hydropower efficiency and capacity expansion projects. A total investment of 3.75 billion yuan (about US$600 million) has been planned for the refurbishment of 620 rural hydropower stations with a total capacity of 880 MW (2011-2012), i.e. recover and renew some 1.1 GW capacity.
SHP Policy (and Barriers)
The story behind the numbersIn
stal
led
capa
city
in M
egaw
att
20 UN regions
Low installed capacity
High installed capacity
Mediuminstalled capacity
Cap
acity
in M
egaw
att
Low installed capacity ≤150 MW
Low installed capacity
• Potential <800 MW
• Electricity access
• SHP relatively new concept
• Hydrological data collection
• Climate change impacts
• Network with focal points (ECREEE)
• Island regions - energy security
Low installed capacity ≤150 MW
NIGERIA, WAYA DAM
Cap
acity
in M
egaw
att
Medium installed capacity 150 MW - 3,000 MW
800
Medium installed capacity
Medium installed capacity 150 MW - 3,000 MW
• Potential <9,000 MW
• Electricity access
• Linguistic barrier - Central Asia
• Gross potential - Eastern Africa
• SHP supported in 1970s-80s
• Technical capacity varies
• Micro-/pico-hydropower
BOLIVIA
Cap
acity
in M
egaw
att
800
High installed capacity >3,500 MW
High installed capacity
High installed capacity >3,500 MW• Potential 300 MW to 20,000 MW
• Old plants need refurbishment
• Environmental mitigation
• Innovative SHP solutions
• RE targets and planned capacity additions
• Limited potential
• Complex administrative procedures
• Government support of SHP
Southern AfricaMiddle Africa Western Africa Northern Africa
CaribbeanPICTs
1. Improved hydrological data collection
2. Update SHP assessments
3. Increase local capacity to conduct feasibility studies, construction, operation and maintenance
4. Create network of regional focal points
Take-away messages
Southern AfricaMiddle Africa Western Africa Northern Africa
CaribbeanPICTs
Central AsiaWestern AsiaEastern EuropeAustralia &
NZ
South-Eastern AsiaCentral AmericaSouth America
5. Regional network of professional mechanical workshops for local equipment demand and maintenance
6. Screen SHP plants that need upgrade, identify dams for multipurpose
7. Implement regulations onwaterways to avoid conflictbetween agriculture, fishery, electricity production and biodiversity
Southern AfricaMiddle Africa Western Africa Northern Africa
CaribbeanPICTs
Eastern AsiaSouthern Asia
Northern Europe Western EuropeSouthern EuropeNorthern America
Central AsiaWestern AsiaEastern EuropeAustralia &
NZ
South-Eastern AsiaCentral AmericaSouth America
8. Improve collaboration among agencies responsible for water resources, environment and electricity
9. Identify non-conventional sites based on technical innovation
10.Simplify administrative procedures for SHPon existing infrastructure
11. Continue and expand coordination, collaboration and knowledge sharing among regional and international organizations
12. Facilitate transition from pilot projects to programs through South-South and triangular cooperation among developing countries, developed countries and international organizations for technology transfer, capacity building and financing
Acknowledgement
Editorial Board
ICSHP Secretariat
UNIDO Secretariat
Country and Regional Authors
Contributors
Peer Reviewers
Questions?
International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP)Hangzhou, China
www.smallhydroworld.org
• Get on our mailing list– hangzhougreendrinks@gmail.com
• The HZGD website– http://greendrinks.org/hangzhou
• HZGD on WeiBo 微博– http://weibo.com/u/2804923214
• Join us on Linked In – http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=3331724
• Join us on Facebook– http://www.facebook.com/groups/406963842673295/– Search for “Hangzhou Green Drinks”
• Would YOU like to give a presentation or make an announcement at one of our events?– Please contact us!
top related