ifla power to the people, 16.08.2012
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Power to the people!Introducing Open Linked Data services to the national legal
database of the Library of the National Congress of Chile
8.16.2012
Legislation
Legislation is public information…
… and must be of public domain
Legislation
Juridical certainty
certitude of the content of the legal norm
Legislation
50’scard based compilation of references of links between norms and classified them by subject
Legislation
80´sthe card system was replaced by an automated STAIRS based system
midst 90’sthe system was replaced by a client-server BASIS PLUS architecture, which could reconstruct online the whole texts of the norms
LeyChile
Released 2008
LeyChile
Library of the National Congress of Chile
Library of the National Congress of Chile
Ley 220001.- abc2.- def3.- ghi
Ley 220001.- abc2.- def3.- ghi
(original)1.- abc2.- def3.- ghi
(original)1.- abc2.- def3.- ghi
Official GazetteOfficial Gazette
Ley 22000Ley 22000
LeyChile
Library of the National Congress of Chile
Library of the National Congress of Chile
Ley 253451.- Modifica
ley 22000Art. 1
sustitúyase apor xyz
Ley 253451.- Modifica
ley 22000Art. 1
sustitúyase apor xyz
(original)1.- abc2.- def3.- ghi
(original)1.- abc2.- def3.- ghi
(updated)1.- xyzbc
2.- def3.- ghi
(updated)1.- xyzbc
2.- def3.- ghi
Ley 253451.- Modifica
ley 22000Art. 1
sustitúyase apor xyz
Ley 253451.- Modifica
ley 22000Art. 1
sustitúyase apor xyz
Ley 22000Ley 22000
Ley 25345Ley 25345
Official GazetteOfficial Gazette
LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm
LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm
LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm
LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm
LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm
LeyChile
Modeling the “structure” of a legal norm
LeyChile
XMLText: versions, hyperlinks, references, notes
Structure: Hierarchical organization of the parts of a norm
Metadata: additional information of the formal document, such as identification of the norm, subjects, free retrieval terms, etc.
LeyChile: our offer to humans
LeyChile: our offer to machines
WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)
LeyChile: our offer to machines
WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)Links, widgets, web services
(http://llevatelo.bcn.cl)
LeyChile: is it possible to incorporate linked-open data (LOD)?
Natural extension
Improve interoperability (more formats)
Create domain ontologíes
Offer a solution to complex queries using a SPARQL endpoint
First step: expose metadata of the norms
LOD principles: URIs
Careful design (acts, laws, decrees, rules, resolutions…)
FRBR
WorkWork ley 20000ley 20000
ExpressionExpression updated versionfor year 2012
updated versionfor year 2012
ManisfestationManisfestation file XMLfile XML
1
N1
1
N
N
ItemItem physical XML inone specific server
physical XML inone specific server
LOD principles: URIs
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341Decree 341; published november 11, 2008; of the Ministry of Education
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2008-11-07http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2008-11-07
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2010-07-20http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2010-07-20
Original version
Another version
LOD principles: RDF
LOD principles: links
Relations to other datasets: countries (International Treaties)DBPedia, Geonames
Vocabulary/Ontologies reuseSKOS, DC, FOAF, DBPedia, ORG
Complex query
Find all the ordinances published by a municipality between 1995 and 2000 that were modified after 2005
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#> SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?Fecha_modificacionWHERE { ?norm n:createdBy ?creator . ?creator n:hasName ?creatorName . ?norm dc:title ?normTitle . ?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate . ?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm . ?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther . FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i")) FILTER (?pubDate > xsd:date("1995") && ?pubDate < xsd:date("2000") && ?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))}ORDER BY (?pubDate)
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#> SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?Fecha_modificacionWHERE { ?norm n:createdBy ?creator . ?creator n:hasName ?creatorName . ?norm dc:title ?normTitle . ?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate . ?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm . ?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther . FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i")) FILTER (?pubDate > xsd:date("1995") && ?pubDate < xsd:date("2000") && ?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))}ORDER BY (?pubDate)
http://datos.bcn.cl
First step finished in may 2011More than 300.000 norms exported≈27 triples by norm≈8 million triples
200 to 400 triples added each day
David Robinson and Harlan Yu in “El desafío hacia el gobierno abierto en la hora de la igualdad”, Gastón Concha y Alejandra Naser (eds.), Santiago, CEPAL, 2012
“Open data does not create its own demand. The government should compromise the developers”
Visualizations
Visualizations
Third party development
Third party development
Source: Orand. S.A.
Actual and future work
More datasets at the endpoint: biographies, transparency, geographical data, history of the law, legislative documents…
Expose parts of a legal norm and their metadata
Visualizations
Complex queries made easy
Findings
Open data, open linked data, semantic web is more than a technology… it is a way of managing information
Visualization is not a final product, is a feedback process of data “ablution” and improving the visualization
Creates value for ourselves 1
Many technical details and challenges remain unsolved 1
1.- David Robinson and Harlan Yu in “El desafío hacia el gobierno abierto en la hora de la igualdad”, Gastón Concha y Alejandra Naser (eds.), Santiago, CEPAL, 2012
Power to the people!Introducing Open Linked Data services to the national legal
database of the Library of the National Congress of Chile
8.16.2012
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