immigration and urbanization

IMMIGRATION

Where Do Immigrants Come From?

Old Immigrants

• 1840-1860• Religion: Protestant• Location:

– Northern & Western Europe: England, Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia.

• Language: English

New Immigrants

• 1880-1890• East Coast• Religion: Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Jewish• Location:

– Southern & Eastern Europe: Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia and Hungary.

• Language: Not English, spoke many different languages

New Immigrants

• West Coast• Religion: Buddhist and Daoist• Location: Asia, China, Japan, Korea, India and

the Philippines• Language: Not English. Also their culture was

very different

Urbanization

• People moved from farms to the city• Migration: African-Americans move North • Cities:

– New York City– Boston– Philadelphia– Pittsburgh– Chicago

Urbanization

• Jobs: – Steel worker– Meatpacking Industry– Garment Industry– Sales Clerks– Waiters– Barbers– Bank Tellers– Secretaries

Urbanization

• Problems:– Overcrowding– Crime– Homeless– Disease– Unemployment– Garbage and Sewage issues– Cheap buildings

Urbanization

– No garbage pick-up– No police or fire departments– No public transportation

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Reasons Immigrants Come To America

Land of Opportunity

• “Streets paved with gold”• Religious and Political Freedoms• Job Opportunities• A New Start

PULL FACTORS

• Pull Factors: Reasons that “pull” a person to a new place– Cheap available land– Political & Religious Freedom– Employment Opportunities – Reunite with family– A Free Atmosphere/Better Life

PUSH FACTORS

• Push Factors: Reasons that “push” a person to leave their homeland– NO land– Political & Religious Persecution– War/Revolution– Poverty/Hard Life– No Jobs

Russia

• 1880s• Pogroms: Organized government attack.

Russian Jews were slaughtered and persecuted for their religious beliefs

• May Laws [1882]: Czar Alexander takes away rights from Jewish people living in the Pale Ghetto

• Refugees: Millions of Russian Jews escape to America

Ireland

• 1880s• Blight: Killed potato crops in Ireland• Famine: Citizens in Ireland began to starve

without food• Tenant Farmers: Made very little money, lost

their lands

Ireland

• Problems:– Coffin Ships: Irish immigrants risked their lives to

come to America [NYC and Boston]– Spoke Gaelic– Infected with Typhus– Discriminated against in America

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ELLIS ISLAND &

ANGEL ISLAND

Immigrants Arrive

• East/West Coast of America• Sailed: Across the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans• Steamships: In Cargo hold with the animals

and other cargo• Steerage: The bottom of the ship, in airless

rooms– Death and disease

BROOKLYN BRIDGE

Ellis Island

• Located: East Coast, NYC Harbor• Immigrants: Mostly Europeans• Procedure:

– Examined by a doctor [Only healthy could enter]– Checked & Logged in– Names might be changed

Statue of Liberty

• Gift from France– Symbol of Freedom and Hope

• Located: NY harbor• New Colossus: Poem written by Emma Lazarus

New Colossus

• “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send those, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door”

Angel Island

• Located: West Coast, San Francisco harbor• Immigrants: Mostly Asian [Chinese and

Japanese]• Procedure:

– Examined by a doctor [Only healthy could enter]– Checked & Logged in– Names might be changed

Angel Island

• “Guardian of the Western Gate”• Not Wanted: Most Americans did NOT want

Asian immigrants in America. – Angel Island: Created to control the flow of

Chinese immigrants into America

Angel Island

• Chinese Exclusion Act [1882]– Suspended Chinese immigration for 10years– Declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for

naturalization– Current Chinese immigrants in America that if

they leave, they will not be allowed to return to America.

A Statue for Our Harbor

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FOR QUIZ• Emma Lazarus Angel Island • Blight May Laws • Steerage Melting Pot • Pogroms Ethnic Neighborhood • Famine Assimilation• Urbanization Push/Pull Factors• Nativists• Ellis Island• Chinese Exclusion Act

Immigrants Assimilate in America

Immigrants

• Assimilate: Begin to adjust to America– Learn: NEW Language, customs and religions – Children: Attend school, assimilate quicker and

easier

Immigrants

• Ethnic Neighborhood: All immigrants who lived there were from the same country

• Location: Chinatown, Little Italy, Little Koreatown, Lower East Side [NYC] – Inner city– Near factories, docks, etc…– “Ghetto” environment

Immigrants

• Ethnic Neighborhood: – Poor Areas: Tenements, Ghetto, Crime and Gangs– Newspapers printed in their language– Churches of their religions– Celebrate their own holidays– Restaurants that served food from their

homelands, etc…

Immigrants

• Melting Pot: Immigrants assimilate and ADD to the new culture– This allowed for a diverse culture

Immigrants

• Salad Bowl: Immigrants don’t assimilate– Keep their individual characteristics– Stay connected to their roots– Leads to more discrimination

Nativists

• White, Native-born, Protestant, English speaking Americans.

• Limit Immigration: Didn’t want anyone coming into America. – Quota: Only a certain number of people from each

place can enter America

Nativists

• Problem: Immigrants…– Worked for less money– Spoke different languages– Had strange new religions and cultures

Nativists

• Discrimination: Against Jews, Irish, Chinese, Mexicans. – Used Violence and intimidation against them

• Examples: – Chinese Exclusion Act– Irish “Need Not Apply” rules in New York City.

Immigrant Cartoons

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