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INDIAN POWER SECTOR
Presentation Contents:
Power Sector Structure in India Transmission Planning Criteria RLDC’s Management System Restoration Procedures
INDIAN POWER SECTOR
POWER SECTOR STRUCTURE
IN INDIA
INDIAN POWER SECTOR
Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-200
0
2000
-200
1
in MW
Fuel wise break-up of installed capacity in power sector
2.60% 1.40% 25%
71%
HydroThermalNuclearWind
Total installed capacity is 105,800 MW
Sector wise consumption of electricity in India
22%
29%
5%
35%
6%
3%
IndustryDomesticRailwaysAgricultureCommercialOthers
Power development - 16th EPS projections
975
719529507
Mar.'01 (act.) Mar.'02 (est.) Mar.'07 (est.) Mar.'12 (est.)
157107
1157058513278037
Peak requirement
in MW
Energy requirement
in BU
INDIA—GENERATING CAPACITY ADDITION
Capacity addition planned 2002-07 – 41,110 MWCapacity addition planned 2002-07 – 41,110 MW
ROURKELA
RAIPUR HIRMA
TALCHER
JAIPUR
NER
ERWR
NR
SR
B'SHARIF
ALLAHABAD
SIPAT
GAZUWAKA
JEYPORECHANDRAPUR
SINGRAULI
VINDHYA-
1000MW
500MW
LUCKNOW
CHICKEN NECK
KRISHNA
TEESTA
MISA
KATHAL-GURI
LEGEND
765 KV LINES
400 KV LINES
HVDC B/B
HVDC BIPOLE
EXISTING/ X PLAN
ZERDA
HISSAR
BONGAIGAON
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID
KOLHAPUR
NARENDRA
KAIGA
MANGALORE
PONDA
IX PLAN
MARIANI
N.K.
KAHALGAON
RANGANADI
SEONI
CHEGAON
BHANDARA
DEHGAM
KARAD
LONIKAND
VAPI
GANDHAR/
TALA
BANGLA
BALLABGARH A'PUR(DELHI RING)
BANGALORE
KOZHIKODE
COCHIN
KAYAMKULAM
TRIVANDRUM
PUGALUR
KAYATHAR
KARAIKUDI
CUDDALORE
SOUTH CHENNAI
KRISHNAPATNAM
CHITTOOR
VIJAYAWADA
SINGARPET
PIPAVAV
LIMBDI
KISHENPUR
DULHASTI
WAGOORA
MOGA
URI
BHUTAN
RAMAGUNDAM
RAVI
JULLANDHAR
DESH
NAGAR
VARANASI
/UNNAO
M'BAD
PURNEA
KORBA
NAGDA
SILIGURI/BIRPARA
TEHRI
MEERUT
BHIWADI
BINA SATNA
MALANPURSHIROHI
KAWAS
PHASE - II(By 2007)
SIRSI
CHAL
JETPURAMRELI
BOISARPADGHE
DHABOL
KOYNA
/BARH
G'PUR
HOSUR
Back
4850
23000
30000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Plan
Cum
ulat
ive
Cap
acity
(MW
)
By 2002 By 2006-07 By 2011- 12
Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional linksGrowth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional links
HIERARCHICAL SETUP OF CONTROL CENTRES
RTU RTU RTU
SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC
SLDC SLDC SLDC
ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC5 Nos.
NLDC
32 Nos.
141 Nos.
1160 Nos.
States were generally in the form of:
1.Vertically Integrated Utilities having- Own Generation- Own Transmission- Own Distribution
2.Having fixed shares in the Central Sector
3.Counting on Load-Generation Balance within the State
Indian Power Sector (Pre-Reforms)
Thrust areas and progress
1. State regulatory commissions (SERCs) constituted
2. SERCs have issued tariff orders
3. States have unbundled their SEBs
Indian Power Sector Reforms
Thrust areas and progress (contd/-)
4. States are in the process of privatising distribution
5. States have signed MoUs with the Ministry of Power
6. All around emphasis to provide 100% metering
Indian Power Sector Reforms
Indian Power Sector-Distribution
• Distribution originally with the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) with licenses given out for some areas to private.
• After unbundling of SEBs, separate (DISCOMS) formed at state level. Privatisation of DISCOMS already done in two states viz. Delhi and Orissa.
• Emphasis on metering, loss reduction at this level with the Central Govt. acting as a
catalyst through assistance under APDRP.
TRANSMISSION PLANNING CRITERIA
INDIAN POWER SECTOR
ISTS shall be capable of withstanding and be secured against the following outages without necessitating load shedding or rescheduling of generation during steady state operation.
Outage of a 132 kV D/C lineor
Outage of a 220 kV D/C lineor
Outage of a 400 kV S/C lineor
Outage of a single ICT
PLANNING CODE FOR ISTS
Planning Criteria :-
Continued …..
PLANNING CODE FOR ISTS Planning Criteria :-
or
Outage of one pole of HVDC bipole
or
Outage of 765 kV S/C line
The aforesaid contingencies would be superimposed over a planned outage
of another 220 kV D/C line or 400 kV S/C line in another corridor and not emanating from the same sub-station.
ISTS shall be capable of withstanding the loss of most severe single system infeed without loss of stability.
PLANNING CODE FOR ISTS
Planning Criteria :-
ANY ONE OF THE AFORESAID EVENTS SHALL NOT CAUSE
o loss of supply
o abnormal frequency on sustained basis
o unacceptable high or low voltage
o system instability
o unacceptable overloading of ISTS elements
OPERATIONAL CODE FOR REGIONAL GRIDS
SYSTEM SECURITY ASPECTS :-
Grid voltage should always be maintained within the operating range
NOMINAL(kV) MAX. (kV) MIN. (kV)400 420 360220 245 200132 145 120
PROBABLE REASONS FOR GRID CONTINGENCIES
EQUIPMENT FAILURE
WEAK TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
OPERATIONAL ERROR
GRID INDISCIPLINE
MULTIPLE OUTAGES DUE TO WEATHER
CASCADED TRIPPING DUE TO OVERLOAD
ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE
Provide adequate level of redundancy in transmission network
Generation to be augmented with load increase
Load regulatory measures by utilities in the event of shortages
Adequate reactive compensation to be provided at load end
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