industrial revolution and society (1780s – 1830s)
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Industrial Revolution and Society(1780s – 1830s)
Chapter 12, Sections 1 and 4
Factors of Industrial Revolution• First Industrial Revolution
lasted from 1780s – 1830s• 5 primary reasons for
Industrial Revolution (APCAS)– Agricultural practices change– Population growth– Capital, or a ready supply of
money available– Availability of natural
resources– Supply of markets
Industries Change• Cotton Industry
– During 1700s, done almost exclusively at home (cottage industry)
– New inventions like the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and water powered loom speed process
• Coal and Iron Industry– Coal was in higher demand to
fuel steam engines– Higher quality iron created
through process called puddling• The Factory
– Work brought from home to more efficient factories
– Growth in labor produces more capital for the population
New Technology Spreads Revolution
• Railroads made moving supplies long distances easier and more efficient
• 1804 – 1st steam powered locomotive in Britain– Pulled 10 tons and 70 people at 5
mph• 1830 – The Rocket is introduced
– Pulls 40 tons at 16 mph– William Huskisson – first person
killed by train• By 1850s, trains are running up to
50 mph across 6,000 miles of track in Britain
Industrialization in the United States• 1800 – 6 out of 7 workers were
farmers, no cities over 100,000 people
• 1860 – 50% of workers were farmers, 9 cities over 100,000 people
• Key to industrial growth was transportation– Canals and waterways branching
off Mississippi use steamboats– 30,000 miles of railroad track by
1860• Labor came from farms and
small towns– Sometimes entire families were
targeted
Societal Impact of Industrial Revolution• Population growth
– Result of new crop production methods, fewer wars, less disease
– 1750 – 140 million, 1850 – 266 million
• New Classes– Industrial middle class
• Fueled by industrial capitalism• Replaced bourgeoisie
– Industrial working class• Replaced lower classes• Long work days, rough conditions, little
break
• Early Socialism– Socialism is a system in which society,
usually in the form of government, owns and controls some means of production
– Wanted equality of all people in all aspects of life
– Hoped to replace competition of industry with cooperation of industry
Romanticism and Realism• Romanticism
– Reversal of Enlightenment thinking
– Emphasized feelings, emotions, and imagination as a source of knowledge
– Sought knowledge in nature, uniqueness of individual
• Realism– Belief that the world should
be viewed realistically– Demonstrated this in both art
and literature
New Age of Science• Medicine
– Louis Pasteur develops methods of using germs to cure disease
• Origin of man– 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes
Origin of Species• Argued Organic Evolution, or that
each plant and animal species had derived from a common ancestor
• Natural selection – some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others
• Relationship with religion– Time period is one of
secularization, or moving away from the church
Exit Slip
• What were the 5 causes of the first Industrial Revolution?
• How were the cotton, coal, and iron industries changed following the Industrial Revolution?
• What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on social classes?
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