information systems for managers by prof. brinda sampat brinda.sampat@nmims.edu

Information Systems for Managers

By Prof. Brinda Sampat Brinda.Sampat@nmims.edu

Introduction to Information Systems

– An organized set of seemingly related data– Method, or process of grouping things together

What is Information ?

What is a System ?

What is an Information System ? Combination of users,

technology, processes to complete a given goal

Integration of hardware, software, data, network & communication, processes & people

Organized system, which collects, transforms & disseminates information in an organization

E.g. ATM’s, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems, hospital management systems

Information System

Example of an Information system

Injury and trip to the hospital Registration

Personal Information

Into the System

Assigned a Bed, Doctor ,Nurse

Diagnosis : X-rays, CT Scans

Final Diagnosis, Cure, Discharge, Follow up, Insurance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-EwvGXaXG8Smart Hospitals :-

Why is an IS required ?

Growth in revenue

• To cut down cycle time• To reduce inventory • Develop new products• Support business operations• Support managerial decision making• Support strategic planning

Evolution of Information Systems

1950 1960 1970•Repetitive large volume transactions•Summarizing & organizing data in accounts, finance & personnel areas

•MIS were introduced•Accessed, organized, summarized & displayed information for decision making•Produce predefined periodic reports•Support middle-level managers

•Networking & electronic communication•OAS introduced.•CAD/CAM support available•DSS emerged tailored to provide specific solutions to problems

Evolution of Information Systems

1970 1980•Top executives used EIS; provide critical information in the required format•Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence lead to ES (Expert System)

•IS & IT became integral part of business processes; helped organizations gain competitive advantage•Improve quality of information thus ensure accuracy o f input data

Basic Framework of a System• Input Feedback • Processing • Output

Basic Framework of an Information System

InputProcessing

•Classify•Arrange•Calculate

Output

Feedback

Environment (customers, suppliers, stock-holders, competitors)

Information System

Input , Processing, Output, Feedback , Control

Data, instructions

Transform , storage Display , reports,

queries

Performance

No deviation

Types of Controls

1• Input Controls

2• Processing Controls

3• Output Controls

4• Storage Controls

5• Facility Controls

6• Procedural Controls

Approaches to Processing

Batch

Real time

Approaches to Processing

•Transactions are accumulated & stored in a group or batch•Stored till some reporting time or need to process it•Used in old systems where massive transactions occurred•e.g. Payroll, end of year reports

•Enters transactions which are linked directly to a computer•Transactions are processed immediately•Airline, Bar code reader, hotel reservation system

Classification of Information Systems

Operations Support Systems

Transaction Processing Systems

Process Control Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Systems

Management Support Systems

Management Information Systems

Decision Support Systems

Executive Information Systems

Business System support the different functional areas by supporting decisions at both operations & management levels

Business Process Re-engineering

• BPR emphasizes on people & procedures• Is the analysis & redesign of workflow within & between

enterprises• Michael Hammer & James Champy were the main

proponents• Davenport’s 5 step approach to the BPR model is :– Develop the Business vision and process objectives– Identify the business processes to be redesigned– Understand & measure the existing processes– Identify IT levers– Design & build a prototype of the new process

BPR cycle

Test yourself !

From all the Chapters

Question 1

• System prototyping helps the designer in

A. Making the programmers understand how the system will function

B. Communicating to the user, quickly, how the system, when developed, will look like and get a feedback

C. Giving a demo of the software, to the system manager to whom he reports

D. Both (a) and (b)E. None of the above

Question 2

• Which of the following systems implementation approaches should be used if you want to run the old system and the new system at the same time for a specified period?

A. DirectB. PilotC. ParallelD. PhasedE. None of the above

Question 3

• A system design aid should primarily

A. Help analyze both data and activitiesB. Help in documentationC. Generate codeD. Using a graphical user interfaceE. None of the above

Question 4

• To reconstruct a system, which of the following key element(s) must be considered

A. Feedback and environmentB. Control and processorsC. Outputs and inputsD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

Question 5

• What is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system?

A. Prototyping B. Prototype C.Proof-of-concept prototype D. Selling prototype

Question 6

• User documentation and training are provided during which SDLC phase?

A. Maintenance B. Analysis C. Implementation D. Integration

Answers

• 1- B• 2-C• 3-A• 4-D• 5-A• 6-C