institutions and economic development: what we know about it? key words: institution, organization,...
Post on 06-Jan-2018
220 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Institutions and economic development: What we know about it?
Key words: institution, organization, economic development; economic growth
Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García
Высшая школа экономики, Москваwww.hse.ru
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
Institutions?
фото
фото
фото
1.Formal institutions
2.Informal institutions
3.Organizations
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
“Rules of the Game”
Institutions matter!
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
(Menard and Shirley, 2011: 33)
Высшая школа экономики, Москва,
Institutions and Economic Development
фото
фото
фото
Why are some countries rich and others poor?
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
𝐺𝐷𝑃= 𝛽0 +𝛽1𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐼𝑇𝐴𝐿+ 𝛽2𝐿𝐴𝐵𝑂𝑅+𝑢
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
“North’s research changed many economists’ view of development from a process of growth spurred by new technology and capital accumulation to a dynamic process of institutional change” (Menard and Shirley, 2011: 3)
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
“Third World countries are poor because the institutional constraints define a set of payoffs to political/economic activity that do not encourage productive activity” (North, 1990: 110).
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
“In addition to capital accumulation, being developed economically entails having sophisticated economic organizations and credible enforcement of property rights and other contractual commitments. Similarly, being developed politically entails having rule of law, a constitutional setting in which all major players accept changes of power, effective legal recognition of organizational rights independently of who is in power, and state control of organized violence.” (North et al. 2009, p. 3)
Высшая школа экономики, Москва,
Empirical Evidence
фото
фото
фото
Robert E. Hall & Charles I. Jones, 1999. "Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?,"The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 114(1), pages 83-116, February.
Output per worker varies enormously across countries, why?
• Physical capital and educational attainment can only partially explain the variation in output per worker
• Productivity, and therefore output per worker are driven by differences in institutions and government policies
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
фото
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
фото
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
2) Daron Acemoglu & Simon Johnson & James A. Robinson, 2001. "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(5), pages 1369-1401, December.
Which are the effects of institutions on economic performance? Effects of institutions on income per capita?
Europeans adopted very different colonization policies in different colonies, with different associated institutions. In places where Europeans faced high mortality rates, they could not settle and were more likely to set up extractive institutions. These institutions persisted to the present.
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Программная инженерия
Высшая школа экономики, Москва
фото
Высшая школа экономики, Москва,
Political markets
фото
фото
фото
“Political markets are more prone to inefficiency than economic markets. The cost of measuring and enforcing agreements is higher in political markets, North argued, because what is being exchanged – promises for votes – is inherently difficult to measure. Voters may find it hard to judge if the actions of their representatives produce outcomes that favor voter interests; voters may not even know what their interests are under certain policy choices” (Menard and Shirley, 2011: 7).
Высшая школа экономики, Москва,
Conclusionфото
фото
фото
Institutions matter!
101000, Россия, Москва, Мясницкая ул., д. 20Тел.: (495) 621-7983, факс: (495) 628-7931
www.hse.ru
top related