insuficiencia mitral crónica - fac · insuficiencia mitral crónica severa etiología • pvm •...

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Insuficiencia Mitral Crónica

Insuficiencia Mitral Crónica SeveraEtiología

• PVM• Isquemica• Reumatica• Post-Endocarditis• Miocardiopatias

Reumatica Valvula y Aparato Subvalvular

Endocarditis Infecciosa

Insuficiencia Mitral Cronica

• Presentacion Clinica• ECG-Rx• Ecocardiografia• Evolucion y Pronostico• Tratamiento

Presentacion Clinica

• El Paciente Asintomatico: soplo sistolico

• El Paciente Sintomatico: Disnea-Fatiga

Comparing AS and MR

Systolic Murmurs• Aortic stenosis• Mitral insufficiency• Mitral valve prolapse• Tricuspid insufficiency Diastolic Murmurs• Aortic insufficiency• Mitral stenosis

S1 S2 S1

ECO en IM

• ETIOLOGIA • SEVERIDAD • FUNCION SISTOLICA• PRESION PULMONAR

• PRONOSTICO• TRATAMIENTO

E.I. perforación

Miocardiopatia Dilatada (SISTOLE)-AI y VI dilatados-Desplazamiento apical de MP-Dilatacion Anillo Mitral-Cierre incompleto valvula Mitral -Orificio regurgitante visualizado

IM en MD (Paciente anterior)DOPPLER COLOR.

Functional Mitral Regurgitation:Incomplete Mitral Leaflet Closure

IMI or global LVD

Papillary Muscle

Displacement

Mitral ValveTethering

IMLC

MR

LV

LA

NORMAL

AOCourtesy of Judy Hung, MD

Fig 2. Left panel depicts normal mitral valve geometry. Right panel shows restricted leaflet closure termed incomplete mitral leaflet closure. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including abnormal tetheringof the mitral valve by displacement of the papillary muscles in the ischemic territory and by annular dilatation.

Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Fig 2. Left panel depicts normal mitral valve geometry. Right panel shows restricted leaflet closure termed incomplete mitral leaflet closure. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including abnormal tethering of the mitral valve by displacement of the papillary muscles in the ischemic territory and by annular dilatation.

IM funcionalFalta Coaptación

Nyquist

• Principles of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method of mitral regurgitation quantitation. The flow convergence is indicated by the large open blue hemisphere. V1 is the velocity on the flow convergence hemisphere (white arrows), whereas the jet velocity is V2. The formula indicates the calculation of regurgitant flow (Flow 2) and effective regurgitant orifice area (ERO). The orange arrow (R) is the radius of the hemisphere of flow convergence. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle.

VM flail PISA-V contracta

VPSD VPSI

IM-ECO-Datos Clave

• Ventrículo IZQ: Tamaño-Función• VALVULA MITRAL:ANATOMIA• ONDA E – Relacion E/A• Opacidad IM Doppler Continuo - ONDA V• Vena Contracta• Área Color-Coanda• Flujo V. Pulmonares• PISA• Presión Pulmonar• Doppler Color

Evolucion y Pronostico

• Evolucion:etapa asintomatica• Severidad• Sintomas• Etiologia• Funcion Ventricular (normal en IM> 60%)• Otros: FA – HTP, etc

Tratamiento de la IMC Severa

• Medico

• Intervencionista: -Cirugia Plastica Valvular (PVM) (CIRUJANO) Reemplazo: Protesis Mecanica o Biologica ? -Hemodinamia: Anillo – Clip

I M Cronica SeveraTRATAMIENTO

• SINTOMATICA: Trat. Qirurgico(excepto FEy <35%)

• ASINTOMATICA: Seguimiento MEDICO(excepto FEy <60% o DSVI >45mm)Contraindicacion Quirurgica:

CLIP-Anillo Percutaneo

Conducta en IM de la MD

?

Parámetros que definen terapéutica en IM severa

• Síntomas de ICI• DSVI > de 40-45 mm• FE < 60%• Alta factibilidad de reparación valvular• FA?• HTP?

Evolucion Posquirurgica

• FV (>60%) mejor predictor de: mortalidad, IC y FV Posoperatoria

• DSVI (40-45 mm)

• FA > de 3 meses: predice FA permanente

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