interaction_theory
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Promoting excellence by applying interaction theory
in distance learning
Celeste M. ScholzDistance Learning Consultant
http://CelesteScholz.com
Abstract
• Engagement theory and the interaction-based model of online learning focus on distance learning environments. Together they give online educators a valuable framework for excellence in interaction by promoting social and active learning. The presenter will give specific e-learning examples from an ESL business-writing course and an e-learning instructor preparation course.
Functions of Theories
Envision new worlds
Make “things”
Stay honestWilson, 1997
Engagement Theory
Engagement occurs when learners…
work in collaborative teams…RELATE
to complete projects…CREATE
that focus on authentic customers.DONATE
Kearsley & Shneiderman, 1997
Interaction-based Model of Online Learning
Anderson, 2003
Search & Retrieval
SUPPROT
: Peer,
family, &
professional
Tutorials
Simulations
Games
Virtual Labs
(e)Books
Knowledge
Content
interface
Paced, Collaborative Learning
Independent Study
Structured Learning Resources
Community of Inquiry
student/contentstudent/student
teacher/teacher
teacher/contentstudent/teacher
student contentcontentcontent
Promote social learning
connect personally to build community
ESL report writing course (work)
• Welcome e-mail or audio message
• Webinar: Self-intros with map activity
• Webinar: Purpose of report for peer correction (30 min)
Graduate courses for
e-learning certificate (univ)• Post discussion questions
based on peer profiles
• Webinar virtual breakout rooms for case studies
• Team response to reading questions on wiki page (bi-weekly)
• Cohort-based
ESL report writing course (work)
• Webinar: peer correction ( 3 - 4 learners)
• Practice application through polling feature
Graduate courses for
e-learning certificate (univ)• Webinar: group powerpoint
presentations• Ask/answer questions
based on recorded audio lecture
Promote social learning
peer teaching & peer feedback
Promote social learning
facilitate & require interaction
Graduate courses for e-learning certificate (univ)• Give participation grades• Require peer evaluation grades (rubric)• Select a learner’s discussion post for webinar
presentation • Emphasize and model quality in responses
Promote active learning
project-based & real world
ESL report writing course (work)
• Require improved work-related writing
• Use work contexts in examples, self-study modules
• Encourage reflection on areas for improvement
Graduate courses for
e-learning certificate (univ)• Evaluate an actual e-
learning program• Design & develop an e-
learning course • Produce a case study based
on a “known” training need
12 Golden Rules• Technology is not the issue. It’s the tool. Learning
is the issue.• Interaction is essential.• Education technologies are flexible. Successful
teaching can occur with any.• There is no “super-technology.” Each has its
strengths. Use an integrated mix.• Each medium has its own aesthetic. Professional
design is important.• Teachers need training.
Bates, 1995
Image Credits
• Celtic knot: http://www.mi.sanu.ac.rs/vismath/fisher/Image817.gif
• Fisherman w/planet: http://journeyofclay318.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/ringplanetview.jpg
• Lincoln statue: http://cdn03.cdn.officialshenaegrimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Shenae-Grimes-On-Set-with-Honest-Abe-19.jpg
• Steve Jobs: http://www9.pcmag.com/media/images/315036-steve-jobs-ipad2.jpg?thumb=y
• Ying yang https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQAcoUtWYHxDn87ZAgbx-1VIbUVHV1mR_lqtt8COoUd0Xq4xe1KtQ
References• Anderson, T. (2003) Getting the Mix Right Again: An updated
theoretical rationale for interaction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 4(2). Retrieved (2012, March 10) from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/149/230
• Bates, AW (1995). Technology: Open Learning and Distance Education. London, Routledge.
• Kearsley , G., & Shneiderman, B. (1999, April 5). Engagement theory: a framework for technology-based teaching and learning. Retrieved (2011, February 16) from http://home.sprynet.com/~gkearsley/engage.htm
• Wilson, B. (1997). Thoughts on theory in educational technology . Educational Technology , 37(2), 22 – 26.
12 Golden Rules1. Good teaching matters. Quality design of learning activities is important for all delivery
methods.2. Each medium has its own aesthetic. Therefore professional design is important.3. Educational technologies are flexible. They have their own unique characteristics
teaching can be achieved with any technology.4. There is no “super-technology.” Each has its strengths and weaknesses, therefore they
need to be combined (an integrated mix).5. Make all four media available to teachers and learners. Print, audio, television, and
computers.6. Balance variety with economy. Using many technologies makes design more complex
and expensive, therefore limit the range of technologies in a given circumstance.7. Interaction is essential.8. Student numbers are critical. The choice of a medium will depend greatly on the number
of learners reached over the life of a course.9. New technologies are not necessarily better than old ones.10. Teachers need training to use technology effectively.11. Teamwork is essential. No one person has all the skills to develop and deliver a distance
learning course, therefore, subject matter experts, instructional designers, and media specialists are essential on every team.
12. Technology is not the issue. How and what we want the learners to learn is the issueand technology is a tool.
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