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CREDIT SEMINARCREDIT SEMINAR
PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY ofof SEABUCKTHORNSEABUCKTHORN ((Hippophae Hippophae
rhamnoidesrhamnoides))
PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY
DR. MILINDMITRA K. LONAREDR. MILINDMITRA K. LONARE(V-2002-30-13)(V-2002-30-13)
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGYCOVAS, CSKHPKV, PALAMPUR-176062 (INDIA)COVAS, CSKHPKV, PALAMPUR-176062 (INDIA)
DATE:29-01-DATE:29-01-20032003
♪♪ Grows naturally in cold countries on Grows naturally in cold countries on river river sides, hill top & sun facing sides, hill top & sun facing mountainsmountains
♪♪ India- found in dry temporate HimalayasIndia- found in dry temporate Himalayas
♪♪ Himachal pradesh-found in Chamba, Himachal pradesh-found in Chamba, Kinnaur, Kinnaur, Kullu& Lahaul-SpitiKullu& Lahaul-Spiti
♪♪ It is quality fuel wood and fodderIt is quality fuel wood and fodder
♪♪ Potential health foodPotential health food
Historical BackgroundHistorical Background♪ ♪ First report - China (8First report - China (8th th century), In Yue century), In Yue
Wang You Zhen medicinal classic Wang You Zhen medicinal classic
♪ ♪ Second report – Tibetan & Mongolia (18Second report – Tibetan & Mongolia (18thth century), in Sibu Yidian (Tibetan classic)century), in Sibu Yidian (Tibetan classic)
♪♪ India – used locally since time India – used locally since time immemorial immemorial
♪ ♪ officially listed by Chinese officially listed by Chinese Pharmacopoeias Pharmacopoeias by ministry of public by ministry of public health (1977)health (1977)
Composition & FunctionsComposition & Functions
Fruit juice:Fruit juice: 60-80 %, 190 kinds of bioactive substances60-80 %, 190 kinds of bioactive substances
1.1. Organic acidsOrganic acids (malic/oxalic/unidentified (malic/oxalic/unidentified acids)acids)
- Terminating toxicity- Terminating toxicity - Protection from teratogenesis & X-ray - Protection from teratogenesis & X-ray
damagedamage - Prevention from side-effects of O- Prevention from side-effects of O22
therapytherapy
2.2. BetainesBetaines (methylation of glycine) (methylation of glycine) - prevents & cures arteriosclerosis - prevents & cures arteriosclerosis - anti-inflammatory- anti-inflammatory
3.3. TriterpeneTriterpene (ursolic acid) (ursolic acid)- adrenocorticotropic mimetic- adrenocorticotropic mimetic- controls action of Na- controls action of Na++ & Cl & Cl--
- anti-inflammatory activity- anti-inflammatory activity
4.4. FlavonoidsFlavonoids (flavonol, catechin, (flavonol, catechin, lukocyanidin & flavone)lukocyanidin & flavone)- prevents vit-C oxidation - prevents vit-C oxidation
- lowers cholesterol levels- lowers cholesterol levels- anti-microbial & anti-inflammatory- anti-microbial & anti-inflammatory- anti-allergic & anti-tumorogenic- anti-allergic & anti-tumorogenic
5.5. 5–HT5–HT (5 - hydroxytryptamine) (5 - hydroxytryptamine) - regulates B.P. and temperature- regulates B.P. and temperature - influences sleep, intestinal motility, - influences sleep, intestinal motility,
hormonal hormonal level & emotionslevel & emotions- promote coagulation- promote coagulation
6.6. ββ- amyrinoleylalcohol acid- amyrinoleylalcohol acid- dilates cardiac & cerebral vessels- dilates cardiac & cerebral vessels- facilitates blood circulation- facilitates blood circulation
7.7. CoumarinsCoumarins- strengthen capillary function- strengthen capillary function- anti-tumorogenic, anti-numbness and - anti-tumorogenic, anti-numbness and anti-pyreticanti-pyretic
8.8. TriterpeneTriterpene (ursolic acid) (ursolic acid)- adrenocorticotropic mimetic- adrenocorticotropic mimetic- controls action of Na- controls action of Na++ & Cl & Cl--
- anti-inflammatory activity- anti-inflammatory activity
9.9. Amino acids & MineralsAmino acids & Minerals
10.10. Flavoxanthin, cryptoxanthin and Flavoxanthin, cryptoxanthin and violaxanthinviolaxanthin
11.11. ProgestinProgestin
12.12. VitaminsVitamins - - ββ-carotenes (250 mg/100gm)-carotenes (250 mg/100gm) - Vit.-C, K, E- Vit.-C, K, E13.13. SteroidesSteroides (ergosterols, stigma (ergosterols, stigma
sterols, sterols, lanosterols & lanosterols & amyrins )amyrins )
14.14. Tannic acidTannic acid
15.15. Fatty acidsFatty acids
Seed oil:Seed oil:8-18 %, 106 bioactive substances8-18 %, 106 bioactive substances
1.1. 22 kinds of fatty acids22 kinds of fatty acids (saturated-13.7% (saturated-13.7% & unsaturated-86.3%)& unsaturated-86.3%)
- linolenic acid (omega-3 & 6)- linolenic acid (omega-3 & 6)
- oleic acid- control cholesterol level- oleic acid- control cholesterol level
- anti-diabetics, obesity & - anti-diabetics, obesity & cancercancer
- essential for fat soluble - essential for fat soluble vitaminsvitamins
2.2. 6 knds of fat soluble vitamins6 knds of fat soluble vitamins
- vit.A; carotene-249mg/100g- vit.A; carotene-249mg/100g
- vit.E-203mg/100g- vit.E-203mg/100g
- vit.K-150mg/100g- vit.K-150mg/100g
3.3. 36 kinds of flavonoids and phenols36 kinds of flavonoids and phenols
- anti-oxidation, anti-radiation- anti-oxidation, anti-radiation
- enhancement of cachettin & quassium - enhancement of cachettin & quassium functionsfunctions
4.4. 42 kinds of phospholipids42 kinds of phospholipids
- strengthen the membrane mitochondria- strengthen the membrane mitochondria
- participation in electron migration- participation in electron migration
- oxidative phosphorylation & cellular - oxidative phosphorylation & cellular metabolismmetabolism
Fruit residue:Fruit residue:- 20 % of total wt.- 20 % of total wt.
- rich in proteins, amino acids, - rich in proteins, amino acids, carotene, carotene, vitamin C (426-503 mg/100g), vitamin C (426-503 mg/100g), microelementsmicroelements
Nutritional valueNutritional value
PartsParts CPCP(%)(%)
EE EE (%)(%)
Ash Ash (%)(%)
CuCu
(ppm(ppm))
Zn Zn (ppm(ppm))
Fe Fe (ppm(ppm))
LeaveLeavess
28.428.4 2.82.8 11.811.8 0.200.20 39.639.6 68.468.4
BarkBark 17.817.8 2.32.3 4.74.7 1.41.4 6.46.4 183183
BrancBranchh
13.713.7 1.91.9 6.86.8 1.81.8 15.215.2 177177
Effect of fodder Effect of fodder supplementationsupplementation
AnimalAnimal SupplementationSupplementation EffectEffect
Weak Weak pigpig
Leaves Leaves Wt. gain, 9-13 %Wt. gain, 9-13 %
Goat Goat Leaves Leaves Inc. Milk, 6-7 %Inc. Milk, 6-7 %
Chicken Chicken Leaves, fruit, Leaves, fruit, seed seed
Wt. gain, 9-13 %Wt. gain, 9-13 %
Layer Layer Leaves, fruit, Leaves, fruit, seed seed
Laying cap., 26 Laying cap., 26 %%
Healing potentialHealing potential Plays role in ulcer, wound and skin Plays role in ulcer, wound and skin
burnburnCauses regeneration of tissuesCauses regeneration of tissuesGranulation of tissue formation (8 Granulation of tissue formation (8
days)days)
Antimicrobial activityAntimicrobial activity Purified tannin from SBT having play Purified tannin from SBT having play
roleroleHaving broad spectrum activityHaving broad spectrum activity
Cytoproctective & Anti-oxidant Cytoproctective & Anti-oxidant activityactivity
CEH having capacity of anti-oxidantCEH having capacity of anti-oxidant
Increases elimination of free radicalIncreases elimination of free radical
Decreases glutathione peroxidase and Decreases glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levelglutathione level
Decreases cytotoxicity and apoptosisDecreases cytotoxicity and apoptosis
Restore the phagocytic activityRestore the phagocytic activity
Role in age related memory Role in age related memory disorderdisorder
Prevent neurological, endocrine & Prevent neurological, endocrine & metabolic effectsmetabolic effects
Alter the level of aminesAlter the level of amines
Prevent Ach level lossPrevent Ach level loss
Nerophysiological adaptationNerophysiological adaptation (Cold (Cold stress)stress)
Prevent cardiovascular response to cold stressPrevent cardiovascular response to cold stress
Reduces epinephrine and norepinephrine levelReduces epinephrine and norepinephrine level
Reduces plasma cortisol levelReduces plasma cortisol level
Cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular diseases
Omega-3 fatty acid decreases riskOmega-3 fatty acid decreases risk
Decreases total and LDL cholesterol, Decreases total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceroides & lipoproteinstriglyceroides & lipoproteins
Alter the platelet aggregation factorAlter the platelet aggregation factor
Strengthen the myocardial contractionStrengthen the myocardial contraction
Immune mechanismImmune mechanism
Prevent membrane phosphorylatioPrevent membrane phosphorylatio Prod. of Eicosanoids & cytokines Prod. of Eicosanoids & cytokines
Increases serum lysosomes & Alexin levelIncreases serum lysosomes & Alexin level
Increases natural killer cell levelIncreases natural killer cell level
Enhances T-lymphocyte proliferation & IL-Enhances T-lymphocyte proliferation & IL-2 secretion2 secretion
Anti-inflammatory activityAnti-inflammatory activity
Carotene, Vit. E & PUFA play roleCarotene, Vit. E & PUFA play role
Counter checks senilism by controlling Counter checks senilism by controlling proteometabolism and metabolism of proteometabolism and metabolism of nucleic acidnucleic acid
Prevent damage due to radiationPrevent damage due to radiation
Facilitate the exudation & hematopedesisFacilitate the exudation & hematopedesis
Enhances cellular infiltration & Enhances cellular infiltration & metabolismmetabolism
Anti-tumorigenesisAnti-tumorigenesis
Direct act through general immunityDirect act through general immunity
Inhibits the growth of gastric carcinoma Inhibits the growth of gastric carcinoma & lymphatic leukemia& lymphatic leukemia
Blocks the synthesis of N-nitrosomolaneBlocks the synthesis of N-nitrosomolane
Increases superoxide dismutase activityIncreases superoxide dismutase activity
Other activitiesOther activities
Protects from pain in stomach, liver, Protects from pain in stomach, liver, chest & lumbar regionchest & lumbar region
Prevents hepatic damage - CCl4, alcohol Prevents hepatic damage - CCl4, alcohol & paracetamol& paracetamol
Used in gynecological ailmentsUsed in gynecological ailments
Used for treatment of cough & cleaning Used for treatment of cough & cleaning lunglung
Used as cosmeticUsed as cosmetic
ToxicityToxicity
Acute & chronic toxicityAcute & chronic toxicity
Toxic dose: Toxic dose: Oil: 20-30 % in diet Oil: 20-30 % in diet
Effects- other than vegetative & CNSEffects- other than vegetative & CNS
Fruit: 40 % in dietFruit: 40 % in diet Increases bilirubin Increases bilirubin Decreases TLCDecreases TLC
Fruits: 100 % feedingFruits: 100 % feedingFatal to all animals Fatal to all animals
Store-house of many bioactive substancesStore-house of many bioactive substances
Possesses diverse pharmacological Possesses diverse pharmacological activitiesactivities
Useful for prevention of diseasesUseful for prevention of diseases
Has great nutritional valueHas great nutritional value
As a alternative remedy for treatment of As a alternative remedy for treatment of diseasesdiseases
THANKS
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