introduction to genetics powerpoint

Table of ContentsDate Description Categor

y

1/4 Genetics Unit organizer1/4 Mendel & His Peas Video Activity 1/4 Who Loves Peas – Mendel Rdg. &?’s Homework

Genetics & Human Body

Create a T.O.C. on the FIRST blank page!!!

LEAVE THE next page for overflow!!!

7th Grade Science Unit Organizer – Life Science Last Unit: Current Unit: Next Unit:

Essential Questions: 1. Introduction to Genetics –What is the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits?How are genes related to genotype and phenotype?2. Punnett Squares –How is a punnett square used to determine the probability of possible offspring?3. Genetics Since Mendel –What other inheritance patterns have been identified and how do they differ from what Mendel described? 4. Pedigrees –What is a pedigree chart and how are they interpreted?

Relationships:

Compare/ContrastCreating Analyzing

Hypothesize/PredictSimulate

Major Assignments &Assessments (Check when complete &

returned)

Genetics Foldable

Genetics & Heredity

1. Introduction to Genetics

Gregor Mendel

Principles of

Genetics

Based on Discovered

by

To better understand we need to learn

Simula

te Predict

More discoveries have been made

Use sym

bols

to

Understand by

Tool used in Mendelian Genetics

Introduction to Genetics -based on 6 principals (what are

they?)

1.

2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Punnett Squares-how do you fill out a punnett square?

Create and explain an example.

Genetics Since Mendel-other inheritance patterns (list &

describe)

1.

2.

3.

Study Guide – Life Science Last Unit:

MicroLife Current Unit:

Genetics & Heredity Next Unit:

Human Body Systems

Genetics Unit Vocabulary – We will fill this section in as we go. Use these words to create flash cards. (Definitions will be in your notebook)

Gregor Mendel: Great Minds With Hank Green (A.K.A. - the guy from the Crash Course

videos )

_________________________________________

Mendel’s Hypothesis:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gregor Mendel- “Great Minds”

How are physical characteristics in pea plants passed to offspring?

Tended garden at the monastery And went to college to become a teacher –

studied Heredity

Parents “give” information/directions formation/directions to their offspring.

He studied: -color of flowers (purple/ white)

-size of plant (short/tall)-texture of pea (smooth/wrinkled)

-color of pea (yellow/green)

Did different crosses to get different results (on purpose) over and over

1. Offspring inherit a pair of “information”- one from each parent.

2. Alleles can be dominant or recessive.

3. Dominant doesn’t necessarily mean it is seen most often.

It is in fact, random!

Yes!!!

They gave us the foundation

of genetics.

1/4 Who Loves Peas? – Gregor Mendel Reading

HOMEWORK!

Your Task:To create a Genetics

foldable with definitions and

colors!

Name: Date: Period:

Genetics FoldableName: Date: Period:

Q: What have you inherited? How traits are Inherited

The Father of Genetics Dominant vs.

Recessive Genotype vs. PhenotypeHomozygous vs.

HeterozygousPunnett Squares

Task #1 Create your

foldable & label the flaps as shown. *You will

cut 3 flaps in half as shown.

1/6 - Warm-up: Brain Pop - Genetics

Warm-up:Tape down and review the Brain Pop questions you got off the pink stool. Answer while you watch!

W ho L oves P eas?

1. C hoose one of your par ents to c ompar e your self to and disc uss two physic al f eatur es that you shar e.

2. W hy was Gr egor Mendel given the nic kname “F ather of Genet ic s”?

3. T her e wer e two r easons given as to why Mendel c hose to study the pea plant. L ist both.

4. W hat two ideas did Mendel get f r om his wor k with the pea plants?

5. W hat did Mendel believe was passed f r om the par ent pea plants to the next set of plants?

6 . W hat did Mendel mean when he said “some tr aits ar e not t ied to other tr aits”?

7. W hat is shown in a P unnett Squar e?

8 . W hy do you think that it took so long f or sc ient ists to pay attent ion to all of the r esear c h on pea plants f r om Mendel?

Answers will vary

He was the first person who was able to figure out a lot about how directions are passed down from parents to children.1.They grow quickly2.It’s easy to see changes in their stem length,

seed color and flower color1.He realized that each parent gives half of its directions to the children.

2.Each trait he studied was passed on to the new plants without being tied to the other traits.Directions

One trait did not necessarily affect another trait

The “directions” each parent has and what the children COULD look like His ideas were brand new

and not enough scientists were studying the same information for others to believe.

Introduction to Genetics -based on 6 principals (what are

they?)

1.

2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Punnett Squares-how do you fill out a punnett square?

Create and explain an example.

Genetics Since Mendel-other inheritance patterns (list &

describe)

1.

2.

3.

Study Guide – Life Science Last Unit:

MicroLife Current Unit:

Genetics & HeredityNext Unit:

Human Body Systems

Genetics Unit Vocabulary – We will fill this section in as we go. Use these words to create flash cards. (Definitions will be in your notebook)

TraitsHeredityGeneticsDominantRecessivePunnett Square

CharacteristicsGenesGenotypePhenotypeHomozygousHeterozygous

AllelesGregor MendelProbability

*Copy these words onto your Study

Guide!

1/7 Warm-up

Genetics Vocabulary Word Boxes DIRECTIONS: Use the red text book and page

numbers below to find/copy the definition for each vocabulary word. Sentences must be

complete and pictures must be colored.

p. 404

p. 411

p. 411

p. 410

p. 411Use your foldable!

p. 412

p. 411Use your foldable!

One of the alternative forms of a gene for a characteristic, such as hair color. The “stronger” form of the trait

One of the alternative forms of a gene for a characteristic, such as hair color. The “weaker” form of the trait

Mendel and His Peas Vocabulary I n your ow n w ords, w rite a definition of the follow ing terms in the space provided. *Use page 404 in the red text book.

1. Heredity: _____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Dominant Trait: _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

3. Recessive Trait: _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Mendel and His Peas Vocabulary I n your ow n w ords, w rite a definition of the follow ing terms in the space provided. *Use page 404 in the red text book.

1. Heredity: _____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Dominant Trait: _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

3. Recessive Trait: _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Warm-up:Write the following definitions in your notebook. You may use a text book. (page 404)

1/8 Warm-up: Genetics Definitions

The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

The trait observed in the 1st generation when parents that have different traits are bred.

The trait that reappears in the 2nd generation after disappearing in the 1st when parents with different traits are bred.

Genetics Vocabulary Word Boxes One of the alternative forms of a gene for a

characteristic, such as hair color. The “stronger” form of the trait

Because of the dominant allele, the baby had brown hair

BOne of the alternative forms of a gene for a characteristic, such as hair color. The “weaker” form of the trait

The only way to see a recessive trait is to have two recessive alleles bThe passing of traits from parents to offspring

Square used to organize all of the possible combination of offspring from particular parents

Punnett squares show the results of genetic crosses.

The genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

All of the offspring for this cross have the same genotype – BB.

BB

An organism’s appearance or detectable characteristic

Phenotypes are affected by genes Brown

Eyes

An organism with two different alleles

A plant that has the genotype Pp is said to be heterozygous.

Pp

An organism with two dominant or two recessive alleles

A plant the has the genotype PP is said to be homozygous dominant.

PP

The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event

What is the probability of having a plant with white flowers?

Because of heredity, I can roll my tongue .

1/11 Warm-up: Heredity Concept Map Heredity

characteristics

parents

offspring

genes

alleles

dominant

genotype

phenotype

USE THE

WORD BANK

& YOUR

FOLDABLE

TO HELP YOU!!

1/11 Intro to

Genetics Notes

Intro to Genetics – Smart Notes

History of Genetics

Gregor __________ - Known as the “ _________ of Genetics” Austrian monk – tended __________________ at monastery (church) Experimented with _____ _________ to try and find a pattern to the way characteristics are passed from

generation to generation.

W hy pea p la nt s ? !

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________ (examples: plant height, seed color and seed shape)

3. ____________________________________

Mendel’s First Experiments

* Crossed 2 _________ pea plants RESUL TS = ALL ____________ pea plants

* Crossed 2 _________ pea plants RESUL TS = ALL ____________ pea plants

Mendel called these plants ____________ because they produced offspring with the same physical traits as parent plants.

Mendel’s Second Experiments

* Crossed _________ plant with _______ plant RESUL TS = ALL __________ plants.

* Crossed 2 _________ pea plants RESUL TS = some ________, and some ____________ pea plants.

Mendel called these plants _____________ because they can produce offspring that can have the dominant form of the trait OR the recessive form of the trait.

To be able to identify different generations from another, Mendel began naming generations: Original plants = ______________________ 1st offspring of parent plants = _________________________ 2nd offspring = _____________________________

Mendel concluded that some plants contained factors for both ___________ & ___________. These factors are now known as ________________.

____________ are the units of heredity.

**Fill in the missing

information as we move

through the slides. Make sure to add any

extra information to your

paper that I write on

the board!

What's up? I'm Gregor Mendel.

Studied math & science

Austrian monk

Tended the garden at the monastery (church)

Experimented with pea plants to find pattern of characteristics passed to next generations.

"Father of Genetics"

What so special about pea plants??

1. grow and reproduce quickly

2. large variety of characteristics to study

3. can be crossed (bred) easily

Mendel's First Experiments

X

tall tall

Produces ALL Tall

X

True breeding = always produces offspring with same traits as parents.

short

short

Mendel's First Experiments

Produces ALL Short

A.K.A. – Purebred or Homozygous

X

tall short

Parent Generation (P)

1st Generation

Mendel's Second Experiments

So what now?? ... SURPRISE!!!

X

tall tall

1st Generation 2nd Generation The parent plants must

be Hybrids!!!

Hybrid = a plant that has the gene for the tall trait and a gene for the short trait A.K.A. – Heterozygous

Mendel concluded......some plants contained factors for both DOMINANT & RECESSIVE traits. These factors are

now known as GENES.

• GENES are the units of Heredity.

• Different forms of a gene are called ALLELES.

Mendel kept careful, detailed records......• some traits seemed to be "stronger" -

DOMINANT • some traits seemed to be "weaker"

than others - recessiveDOMINANT (T)

recessive (t)

every organism has 2 forms of a gene for each trait(one from each parent)

Possible Gene Combinations:

Homozygous – when an organism has 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles for the genotype

Heterozygous – when an organism has 1 dominant AND 1 recessive allele for the genotype

(TT or tt)

(Tt)

*Geneticists use symbols (letters) to represent different forms of traits (alleles)

TT

Rr Yyd

ABb

bb

6 Principles of Genetics1. Traits, or characteristics, are passed on from one generation to the next generation.2. Traits of organisms are controlled by genes.3. Organisms inherit genes in pairs - one gene from each parent.4. Some genes are DOMINANT and other are recessive.5. Dominant genes hide recessive genes when both are inherited by an organism.6. Some genes are neither dominant or recessive - Incomplete Dominance

Or CoDominance

Warm-up:Copy & Answer the following questions in your notebook. You may use your notes!

1/12 Warm-up: What is Genetics?

1. How are traits inherited?

2. What was Mendel's role in the history of genetics?

3. Heredity and genetics help explain what?

A: Traits of organisms are controlled by genes.

A: He was the father of genetics. A: They help to explain why people are different.

Probability=

So......What is the probability of inheriting a certain gene from your mom? ____% dad? ____%

Branch of mathematics that helps you predict the chance something will happen

• Every organism has ____ forms of genes!!!!

One from … and One from …

2

BoyGirl?

XX(Female

) What allele do you get

from your mom?What allele do you get

from your dad?

X or X YX or

XY(Male)

Boy ____%

Girl ____%

?XX

(Female)

What allele do you get from your mom?

What allele do you get from your dad?

X or X YX or

XY(Male)

Chromosome

Gene

Trait

Genotype:The actual gene makeup of an organism........  *The 2 alleles (from mom and dad) an organism has for trait

TT ttFf ddSsBB

The physical (visible) characteristics of an organism

"What does the trait LOOK LIKE?"

TALL SHORT

Phenotype:

Section A: Identify each situation below by writing a P for phenotype or a G for genotype.

1) _ _ _ _ _ _ Bb 6) _ _ _ _ _ _ AaBbCc

2) _ _ _ _ _ _ brown hair 7) _ _ _ _ _ _ widow’s peak

3) _ _ _ _ _ _ stripes 8) _ _ _ _ _ _ curly hair

4) _ _ _ _ _ _ ZZ 9) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tt

5) _ _ _ _ _ _ tall 10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PP

Section B: Identify the following genotypes as homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous.

11) BB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16) GG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

12) Bb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17) AA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

13) bb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18) Ss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14) Tt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19) qq _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

15) rr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20) Dd _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Section A: Identify each situation below by writing a P for phenotype or a G for genotype.

1) _ _ _ _ _ _ Bb 6) _ _ _ _ _ _ AaBbCc

2) _ _ _ _ _ _ brown hair 7) _ _ _ _ _ _ widow’s peak

3) _ _ _ _ _ _ stripes 8) _ _ _ _ _ _ curly hair

4) _ _ _ _ _ _ ZZ 9) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tt

5) _ _ _ _ _ _ tall 10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PP

Section B: Identify the following genotypes as homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous.

11) BB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16) GG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

12) Bb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17) AA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

13) bb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18) Ss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14) Tt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19) qq _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

15) rr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20) Dd _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

GPPGP

GPPGG

Homozygous DominantHeterozygousHomozygous RecessiveHeterozygousHomozygous Recessive

Homozygous DominantHomozygous DominantHeterozygousHomozygous RecessiveHeterozygous

Section C: Assign a symbol (letter) for each situation below.

21) Black fur is dominant over white fur _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

22) Tall is dominant over short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

23) Yellow is dominant. Green is recessive. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

24) White flowers are recessive. Purple flowers are dominant. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

25) Long tails are dominant over short tails. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Phenotype Vs. Genotype Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Period: _ _ _ Section D: Assign a genotype for each situation below.

26) The rabbit is homozygous dominant for black fur. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

27) The flower is heterozygous for purple petals. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

28) The pea plant is short, which is the recessive trait. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

29) The dog is heterozygous for brown fur. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

30) The man is homozygous dominant for widow’s peak. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

B-black; b-whiteT-tall; t-

shortY-yellow; y-green P-purple, p-

whiteL-long; l-short

BBPp

ttBb

WW

HOMEWORK!

What Color is the Pod?Green (G) is the dominant color for pods of pea plants. Yellow (g) is recessive.1. What are the phenotypes of the following

genotypes? a. GG___________________________

b. Gg ___________________________

c. gg ___________________________

2. Fill in the Punnett squares below to show the outcomes of the crosses. Next to each genotype, write the correct phenotype.

1/13 Warm-up: What Color is the Pod?

GreenGreenyellow

Warm-up:Tape in & complete

the following questions

& punnett squares in your

notebook. You may use your notes!

What Color is the Pod?2. Fill in the Punnett squares below to show the outcomes of the crosses. Next to each genotype, write the correct phenotype.

 a. GG X Gg b. GG x gg

c. Gg X Gg d. Gg x gg 

1/13 What Color is the Pod?

G GGg

GG GGGg Gg

G Ggg

Gg GgGg Gg

G gGg

GG GgGg gg

G ggg

Gg ggggGg

Height (tall and short) Tall- T, Short- t

3. Tall because it is the only trait seen in the first generation

4. Short because it is NOTseen in the first generation

5. Tt; T was inherited from the first plant t was inherited from the second plant

GFDHCBAE

1/13 Practice: Punnett Square ExercisesPractice:

Tape in & complete the following punnett squares in your notebook

1/13 – Simple Genetics Practice Problems

HOMEWORK!

!! complete the

following in your notebook

Warm-up:Label your T.O.C. & clean off your desk **Except for your

notebook and something to write

with. Level ZERO so we

can get started!!!

Example:

No, because the inheritance of traits is completely random. They may have “similar” features but NOT identical! (every sperm is genetically different and every egg is genetically different)No, because there is always variation due to each sperm and egg being genetically different. Also, because traits are passed down over many generations!

Most (if not all)!!!! Each trait can be traced back to one of the grandparents.

Answers will vary.

HOMHETHETHOM

HETHOMHETHOM

HETHETHOMHOM

HETHOMHOMHET

Purple Purple White

Brown Brown Blue

Round Round Wrinkled

Long tail Long tail Bobtail

SS Ssss

PPPppp

1/20 -1/22 : Team Time Assignment*complete this worksheet (both sides) & turn it into your class tray

before you leave.Sponge Bob #1

1/20 Oompah Loompah Genetics Warm-up:Tape in & complete the following punnett squares in your notebook. You may use your notes!

Oompah Loompah Genetics

SHOW ALL WORK and complete PUNNET SQUARES 1. Oompahs generally have blue faces which are caused by a dominant gene. The recessive condition results in an orange face. Develop a "key" to show the genotypes and phenotypes possible for Oompah Loompahs.

Genotype Phenotype

BB

Bb

bb

2. Two heterozygous Oompahs are crossed. What percent of the offspring will have orange faces?

Blue Blue

Orange

B b

B b

BB Bb

Bb bb

3. A blue faced Oompah (homozygous) is married to an orange faced Oompah. They have 8 children. How many children will have blue faces? 4. Otis Oompah has an orange face and is married to Ona Oompah who has a blue face. They have 60 children, 31 of them have orange faces. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Genotype of Ona ___________ Genotype of Otis ____________

5. Odie Oompah has a blue face. In fact, everyone in Odie's family has a blue face, and the family boasts that it is a "pure" line. Much to his family's horror, he married Ondi Oompah who "gasp" has an orange face. What are the gentoypes of their children? Is Odie's line still "pure"?

3. A blue faced Oompah (homozygous) is married to an orange faced Oompah. They have 8 children. How many children will have blue faces? 4. Otis Oompah has an orange face and is married to Ona Oompah who has a blue face. They have 60 children, 31 of them have orange faces. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Genotype of Ona ___________ Genotype of Otis ____________

B B

b b

Bb Bb

Bb Bb

ALL of them!

Bb

B B

b b

Bb Bb

Bb Bb

bb

1. Label “Punnett Square Stations” in your T.O.C. and on the next blank page in your notebook.

2. Clear off your tables except for a pencil.

3. ”Level 0” !!

Warm Up!

P

Change the B to a P!

Punnett Square Stations:#1 and #2- Cookie Monster and TMNT

#3 and #4- Stewie and Mickey and Minnie Mouse

#5 and #6- Donald Duck and Mario and Princess

Peach

#7 and #8– Bugs Bunny and Kermit and Miss

Piggy

Bunny Genetics- Bunny Genetics

7th Grade Science Unit Organizer – Life Science Last Unit:

MicroLifeCurrent Unit:

Genetics & Heredity Next Unit:

Human Body Systems

Essential Questions: 1. Introduction to Genetics –What is the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits?How are genes related to genotype and phenotype?2. Punnett Squares –How is a punnett square used to determine the probability of possible offspring?3. Genetics Since Mendel –What other inheritance patterns have been identified and how do they differ from what Mendel described? 4. Pedigrees –What is a pedigree chart and how are they interpreted?

Relationships:

Compare/ContrastCreating Analyzing

Hypothesize/PredictSimulate

Major Assignments &Assessments (Check when complete &

returned)

Genetics Foldable Intro to Genetics Notes Mendel’s Work SSPhenotype/Genotype Notes Punnett Square Stations SpongeBob Genetics #1Genetics Vocab Quiz

Genetics & Heredity

1. Introduction to Genetics

Genetics Vocabulary

2. Punnett Squares

Gregor Mendel

Principles of

Genetics

Inheritance Traits

Tools Genetic Crosses

Probability

Based on Discovered

by

To better understand we need to learn

Simula

te Predict

More discoveries have been made

Use sym

bols

to

Understand by

Tool used in Mendelian Genetics

P

Change the B to a P!

1.Study your notes for today’s quiz - Level “0” !!!

2.I will be walking around to check your homework!

Warm Up:

It’s QUIZ Day!!!

• Clear off your tables (put everything on the floor except for your pencil!)

• LEVEL ZERO – so we can get things started

• Turn your Quiz into your class tray.

• When are finished with the quiz you should…?? Get & Complete SpongeBob Genetics #1 worksheet.

Happy Friday!!!What’s the

probability that I am going to ace

this quiz!!!

Ho

HoHo

HeH

eHe

He

(He)-

(Ho)-

TT, ff, DD, bb, tt, BB, dd, FFDd, Bb, Tt, Ff,

Blue

Yellow

YellowSquare

Square

round

TT,

Tt tt

pp

Pp

PP,

Ho H

o

Ho H

o

Ho

S ss s

Ss

ssS

sss

Ss= square and ss= round 2 4

502 4 50

P pP p

PP

PpP

ppp

PP= pink, Pp= pink and pp= yellow 3 4

751 4 25

B Bb b

Bb

BbB

bBb

Bb= square 1000

No, because they would have both the blue and green alleles.

B bB b

BB

BbB

bbb

BB= blue, Bb= blue and bb= green 7

525

T TT t

TT

TTT

tTt

TT= tall, and Tt= tallYes, it is not possible for Mr. and Mrs. Krabbs to have a short eyeball baby.