introduction to permaculture -...
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Introduction to Permaculture
Martin GustafssonChristopher WegweiserUAG 2014 – June 17
Bill Mollison & David Holmgren
The givens
Climate changeUnsure economic futureResource managementSocial inequalitiesAgricultural unsustainability
Permaculture
• Creating synergies with local ecology
• Consumer > producer cultures
• Permaculture – a practical tool for constructing resilient systems
• Constantly evolving
“Permaculture is the use of ecology as the basis for designing integrated systems of food production, housing appropriate technology and community development. It offers a practical, creative approach to the problems of diminishing resources and threatened life support systems now facing the world”
– Simon Henderson
"Permaculture is meeting human needs, while improving ecosystem health “
- Rafter Ferguson
Permaculture Ethics
Earth CarePeople CareFair Share/Equal Distribution
of Surplus
Design Process
(Some) Permaculture Design PrinciplesObserve
Connect
Each element performs multiple functions
Each important function is supported by many elements
Catch and store energy and materials
Use small-scale intensive systems
Efficient energy planning
Use biological and renewable resources/diversity
The problem is the solution
Observe
Observation/Site Analysis• Flows of
• energy• sun • rain• wind • noise • potential fire• people• materials • etc…
•…as they enter and move through the site
Further Aspects of Observation/Analysis • Legislation• People and Community• Physical resources– Energy– Capital–Waste disposal and recycling
• Economic Resources• Vegetation and Wildlife• Aesthetics, foul or pleasant smells,
sightlines
ConnectCreate synergiesIncrease number of beneficial
connections → stability Match output & input of different
elements → No waste.
Each element performs many
functions
Willow - Salix• Wind shield• Fodder crop• Riparian buffer• Weaving, fencing and building• Energy• Root activation – Indolebutyric acid• Phytoremediation• Wastewater management• Medicinal - Salicylic acid
deepgreenpermaculture.com
Comfrey - Symphytum uplandicum
• Fertilization
– N, P, K, calcium, magnesium, other minerals
• Compost starter
• Chop and drop
• Medicinal
• Pollination
Good King Henry - Chenopodium bonus-henricus
• Perennial spinach
• Edible seeds
• Deep taproots
• Ground cover
Sea buckthorn –Hippophae rhamnoides
• Nitrogen fixer• Healthy berries– Vitamins A, C & E, carotenoids, essential
fatty acids, etc.
• Medicinal– Oil used for ointments, cosmetic products
• Edible hedge• Dyes
Bill Mollison – Introduction to Permaculture (1991)
Apple tree niche analysis
Greenhouses
• Season (and possibilities) extention
• Propogation and seed harvest
• Social area
• Animal shelter
• Wind protection
• Water harvesting
Physical Structures
• Rainwater harvesting
• Storage spaces
• Heat retention
• Indoor functions
Each important function is supported by many elements
Identification - which functions in the design are critical (e.g. water, food, energy, fire protection)
AnalysisNo single point of failure =
redundancy + resilience
Irrigation
• Rainwater collection
• Greywater
• Municipal source
• Well
• Ponds
• Swales
• Mulching
Food
• Balconies, allotments & working on farms
• Foraging & dumpster diving
• CSAs & coops; Bees and animals
• Preservation
Fertilization
• Worm leachate
• Compost teas
• Manure
• Cover crops
• Mulch
• Urine
Catch and store energy and materialsEfficient use of available resourcesIdentify, collect and hold useful
flows. Nutrients, materials, sun, wind,
water, knowledge, moneyCatch, store and use at highest
possible potential
Small-scale intensive systems
”Small steps make small mistakes” Start small, from nucleus and build on
success “Systems should be designed to
perform functions at the smallest scale that is practical and energy efficient for that function”
Efficient energy planning
Sector analysisZone planningSlope
Sector Analysis
Flows of sun, light, rain, water flow, wind, noise and potential fire as they enter and move through the site
makingsenseofthings.info
Zone planning
bayfm.com.au
http://www.permaculture.co.uk/articles/4-efficient-energy-planning-original-permaculture-design-principle
http://mandalaway.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/zones-of-use.jpg
Zone planning
http://homebiome.com/
Slope•Site in profile•Downhill flow of resources/energy
Patrick Whitefield: Earth Care Manual (2004)
Using slope – raised vegetable beds on contour
geofflawton.com
Use biological and renewable resources/diversityBiological resources build up over time,
assist yield and interact with other elements.
Diversity – healthy, productive and sustainable ecosystem.
The problem is the solution
Turn constraints into opportunities Mistakes are tools for learningIdentify areas for change
Design Process
Vision statement
A vision is something one strives to achieve. It is often expressed as a future state one wishes to realize.
Vision statement
”Ulleråker is the hub for Transition Uppsala where food is grown and cooked together, soil and community are built”
Goals
S Specific
M Measurable
A Acceptable
R Realistic
T Time-bound
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