introduction to research methodology
Post on 12-Jul-2015
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Meaning of ResearchA careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge
Objectives of Research To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve
new insights into it Exploratory
To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group Descriptive
To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else Diagnostic
To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables Causal
Types of Research Descriptive vs. Analytical
Applied vs. Fundamental
Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Conceptual vs. Empirical
Significance of Research
Research Methods vs. Methodology
Methods Methodology
Observation
Mail Questionnaire
Personal interview
Photographs, recording, use of score cards
Identification of social and economic background of respondents
Detailed schedule with open and closed questions
Research Process
Define research problem
Analyze data
Review concepts and
theories
Collect data
Formulate hypothesis
Design research
Review previous research finding
Interpret and report
Review the literature
Sample Designs Deliberate sampling
Convenience sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Quota sampling
Cluster sampling
Area sampling
Multi-stage sampling
Criteria of Good Research Purpose of research should be clearly defined
Research procedure used should be described
Procedure should yield to results as objective as possible
Flaws in design should be reported
Analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate
Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of the research
Problems encountered by researchers in India Lack of scientific training in methodology of research
Insufficient interaction
Lack of confidence in researchers
Overlapping research studies
Difficulty of adequate and timely secretarial assistance
Unsatisfactory library management
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