introduction to topic maps -...

topicmapslab.de

Vorlesung “Wissens‐ und Contentmanagement”

Introduction to Topic Maps

Dr. Lutz Maicher

Topic Maps Lab at the University of Leipzigmaicher@informatik.uni‐leipzig.de

Einführung in Topic Maps

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Agenda “Introduction into Topic Map"

2“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher (maicher@informatik.uni‐leipzig.de)

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Goals "Introduction to Topic Maps"• Learning what Topic Maps are

• Learning how Topic Maps can drive web applications

• Learning the fundamentals of the Topic Maps standards

• Learning how Topic Maps feed the web of data

• Learning how to model a Topic Map

• Learn TMQL and TMCL

Inquire, whenever you have a question or comment!

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Agenda – the first part (today)0:00 Data Model of Topic Maps

0:15 Musica migrans

0:30 Playing around with the Omnigator

0:45 Examples of Topic Maps Portals

1:00 Standards and Software

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Agenda – second part0:00 Integration Model and Topic Maps Exchange

0:15 Advanced Features of Topic Maps

0:30 Introduction into CTM

1:00 Modeling La république sexuelle

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Subject‐centric models

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has name Nikolaikirche

has name St. Nikolai

has name Saint-Nicolas (in fr)

has name St. Nicolas (in en)

has name Leipzig

was founded in 1165was founded in 1165

has a website ….

"real" world

“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher (maicher@informatik.uni‐leipzig.de)

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has name Nikolaikirche

has name St. Nikolai

has name Saint-Nicolas (in fr)

has name St. Nicolas (in en)

has name Leipzig

was founded in 1165was founded in 1165

has a website ….

"real" world

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Data model of Topic Maps

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The data model of Topic Maps (topics)

Nikolaikirchevariant

St. Nicholas Church

St. Nikolai

English

1165occurrence

www.nikolaikirche-leipzig.de/occurrence

foundation

website

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The data model of Topic Maps (associations)

St. Nikolai Leipzig

association

container-containee

ass. rolerole player

containercontainee

role type

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Data model of Topic Maps (summary)• one topic represents one subject in a data source

– names represent the names of the subject• names might have variants

– occurrences represent properties of the subject

– associations represent relationships between subjects• flexibility through roles

• n‐ary associations

– all types and scopes are (set of) Topics• in a topic map everything is a topic

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What are Topic Maps (ISO 13250)?• Topic Maps are highly‐networked data sources

• one topic for each subject• relationships of subjects are associations between topics• subject‐centric modelling paradigm

• Topic Maps have a human‐centric data model• vocabulary for documenting information fits human cognition• network resembles human cognition

• Topic Maps have an integration model• whenever two topics represent the same subject, they have to be merged• always one information access hub for each subject

• Topic Maps is an international industry standard (ISO 13250)

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Some Syntax – How do I write a Topic Map?• A Topic IDs, names, types, subject identifiers and occurrences,

lm isa person;

‐ "Lutz Maicher";

room: "Johannisgasse 5‐50";

phone: "0341‐97‐32303";

mailto:maicher@informatik.uni‐leipzig.de .

ul isa organisation;

‐ "University of Leipzig";

http://www.uni‐leipzig.de/ .

• Associations to other topics

employment (employer: ul, employee: lm)

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http://maiana.topicmapslab.de/u/lmaicher/tm/profile

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Some API calls in RTM to create a topic map …require 'rtm'

RTM.connect # or memory or other backends

tm = RTM.create "http://a/b/c/base_locator" # create or get topic map

lm = tm.get!("mailto:maicher@informatik.uni‐leipzig.de ")

lm.add_type("person")

lm["‐"]="Lutz Maicher"

ul = tm.get!("http://www.uni‐leipzig.de/")

ul.add_type("organisation")

lm["‐"]="University of Leipzig"

# alle Infos siehe: http://rtm.topicmapslab.org/

# bzw. im Praktikum

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Musica migrans – a Topic Maps driven Portal

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How it all began …

During a concert break we discussed with Prof. H. Loos,

who is one of the leading German historians about the Eastern European music history

that he dreams of a system which allows him to collectand analyse

biographical data about little‐known Eastern Europeanmusicians in the 19th century.

He was interested in making usable all the relationships in the data! This sounded like a case for

Topic Maps, so we askedMr. Loos to sketch his domain…

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… and he started to sketch the domain!

Personhas nameswith a lot of different spellings

primary nationality of a person

Nationalitysecondary nationality of a personDate

birthday of a person

day of death of a person

Placebirthplace of a person

place of death of a person

Confessionconfessions of a person

Professionmain profession of a person

secondary profession of a person

Referencearchive encyclopaedia

further literature

has educational development

start and end of educational phase

place of educational phase

goal of educational phase

has professional development

start and end of a job

place of a job

profession in a job

has concerts

date of a concert

place of a concert

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List page for persons in Musica migrans

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List page for places in Musica migrans

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Individual page (general) for person in Musica migrans

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Individual page (professional carreer) for person in Musica migrans

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Individual page (working places) for places in Musica migrans

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Individual page for profession in Musica migrans

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Professional carreer as map for a person in Musica migrans

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Individual page (as pdf dossier) for person in Musica migrans

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Individual page (edit mode) for person in Musica migrans

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Getting started with Topic Maps – part 1

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Introduction to the Omnigator• Omnigator is generic Topic Maps Browser

– download it at http://www.ontopia.net

• Or use Maiana from the Topic Maps Lab

− Simply sign‐up at http://maiana.topicmapslab.de

• data model

– elements of the data model

• query languages (tolog, TMQL)

• full text queries

• exchange formats (XTM, LTM)

• schemas

• editing topic maps with Ontopoly

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Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator)

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Browsing the same Topic Map in a simple web application (Topic Maps Portal)

Duality of Topic Maps –Rendering of a Topic Map as Portal

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Examples of Topic Maps Portals

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… even more Topic Maps portals

http://www.fuzzzy.com/tag/?id=2238“Introduction Topic Maps” VL WCMS WS 2009/10 Dr. Lutz Maicher (maicher@informatik.uni‐leipzig.de)

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Topic Maps standards and software

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The ISO Topic Maps standards

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Data model (TMDM) and exchange formats (XTM, LTM)• data model is core of Topic Maps

– application logic should never operate on any syntax!

TMDM instance

LTM - Topic Map

XTM - Topic Map

gen. Topic Map

serialisation anddeserialisation TMQL-queries

TMCL constraints

TMCL rules

TMQL-updates

TMAPI(tinyTIM, TM4J,

PHPTMAPI, OKS)

query andmaniuplation

query, constraint andmanipulation

TMDM: http://www.isotopicmaps.org/sam/sam-model/

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Architecture of the Topic Maps engine Ontopia

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Topic Maps engines• commercial Topic Maps engines

• TMCore –.NET‐basierte Lösung von networked planert

• free Topic Maps engines and tools• Ontopia for Java (http://t inyt im.sourceforge.net/)

• tinyTM for Java (http://tinytim.sourceforge.net/)

• RTM Ruby Topic Maps for Ruby (http://rtm.topicmapslab.de/)

• QuaaxTM for PHP (http://quaaxtm.sourceforge.net/)

• Mappa for Python

• ZTM ‐ Zopic Topic Maps System (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ztm/)

• Topincs (http://www.cerny‐online.com/topincs/)

• see: http://www.topicmapslab.de/projects

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Merging – the integration model of Topic Maps

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Integration model of Topic Maps

St. Nikolai

The identity of a topic is defined by a set of Subject Identifiers …

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger_Nikolaikirche

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church%2C_Leipzig

http://www.nikolaikirche-leipzig.de/

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St. Nikolai

… whenever two topics in one topic map use the same subject identifier, they will be merged.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger_Nikolaikirche

Saint-Nicolas

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Integration model of Topic Maps• Merging of Topics: a new topic replaces the old ones and provides

all information of them as unified access hub • all subject identifiers

• all names

• all occurrences

• all association roles, the topic is playing in

St. Nikolaihttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger_Nikolaikirche

Saint-Nicolasand all Occurrences and Roles Played from both Topics …

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Name: Gustav Stresemann

Date of Birth: 1878-05-10

Doctoral Thesis: Das Wachstum der Berliner Flaschenbierproduktion

Subject Identifiers

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann

Effort: Entrance in League of Nations

Effort: Fight against hyper inflation

Effort: Dawes Plan

Subect Identifiers

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografien/StresemannGustav/

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Name: Gustav Stresemann

Date of Birth: 1878-05-10

Doctoral Thesis: Das Wachstum der Berliner Flaschenbierproduktion

Subject Identifiers

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemannhttp://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografien/StresemannGustav/

Effort: Entrance in League of Nations

Effort: Fight against hyper inflation

Effort: Dawes Plan

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Features of the Integration model in Topic Maps• merges all information about a subject at one hub

• is schema‐free

– merging of topics only depends on the subject identifiers of each topic

• implies terminological flexibility

– all topics must only use subject identifiers from a shared vocabulary

– for all statements about the subjects (names, occurrences, association roles) heterogeneous vocabulary can be used

• disambiguates between Subject Locator and Identifier

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Subject Identifier (and Subject Indicator)

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Subject Locator

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Topic Maps exchange protocols –feeding the web of data for free

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Topic Maps in distributed environments• protocols for exchange between distributed Topic

Maps repositories: TMRAP, (TMIP, Topincs)

– request distributed Topic Maps repositories whether information about a given subject is available• if available, Topic Maps fragments around the according topic will be exchanged

and merged into the requesting repository

– Topic Map Remote Access Protocol (TMRAP) is developed by Ontopia (www.ontopia.net) • implemented for Ontopia and TM4J

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The duality of Topic Maps portals• Topic Maps portals have two "faces"

– the rendered web interface for humans

– the TMRAP/TMIP/Topincs interfaces for (global) information integration – linked data

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The human‐centric interface for Tasmania

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The TMRAP interface for Tasmania

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PSI registries for Global Interoperability• Global integration depends on global harmonized

vocabularies

– Registries for Subject Identifiers

– to register and retrieve subject identifiers

– Subj3ct.com

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Advanced Features

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Scope• each statement in Topic Maps might have a scope

– is defined by a set of topics

• the usage context is equally defined by a set of topics

• if all topics of the scope are in the usage context, the scoped statement is valid in the current context

• unconstraint scope = empty scope set

• Usage:

– multilingualism

– service/user/access levels

– worldviews

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Reifikation• reification = a statement in a topic map becomes the

subject of a new topic

– Who is the author of this statement?

– When this statement was created?

• Topics can't be reified

Author: Heinrich MüllerLast Update: 10.05.2008

subject

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La république sexuelle‐ starting to model a topic map

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The graduates from the Topic Maps Lab

http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de/

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http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de

Onotoa is a free TMCL‐Editor(Topic Maps Ontology Editor)

a topic maps lab graduate

http://onotoa.topicmapslab.de/

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http://rtm.topicmapslab.de

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Material

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Literature about Topic Maps (1/2)

• Ahmed, K.; Moore, G.: An introduction to Topic Maps. In: The Architecture Journal, 5, 2005. (http://www.architecturejournal.net/2005/issue5/Jour5Intro/)

• Ahmed, K.; Moore, G.: Apply Topic Maps to Applications. In: The Architecture Journal, 6, 2006. (http://www.architecturejournal.net/2006/issue6/Jour6TopicMaps/)

• A full overview about the Topic Maps literature:http://www.topicmapslab.de/publications

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Literature about Topic Maps (2/2)• Maicher, L.; Park, J. (eds.): Charting the Topic Maps

Research and Applications Landscape. Proceedings of TMRA 2005, Leipzig. LNAI 3873. Springer: Berlin (2006).

• Maicher, L.; Sigel, A.; Garshol, L. M. (eds.): Leveraging the Semantic of Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2006, Leipzig. LNAI 4438. Springer: Berlin (2006).

• Maicher, L.; Sigel, A.; Garshol, L. M. (eds.): Scaling Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2007, Leipzig. to appear Spring 2009.

• Maicher, L.; Garshol, L.M. (eds.): Subject‐centric computing. Proceedings of TMRA 2008, Leipzig.

• Maicher, L.; Garshol, L.M. (eds.): Linked Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2009, Leipzig.

introduction to topic maps -...

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