ionic bonding chap. 8. i.when an atom becomes an ion

Ionic BondingIonic Bonding

Chap. 8Chap. 8Chap. 8Chap. 8

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

A.A. Why become an ion?Why become an ion?

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

A.A. Why become an ion?Why become an ion?

B.B. This process is called _____This process is called _____

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram

B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram

B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model

C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram

B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model

C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams

D.D. EquationEquation

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital

DiagramDiagram

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital

DiagramDiagram

B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital

DiagramDiagram

B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model

C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital

DiagramDiagram

B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model

C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams

D.D. EquationEquation

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions

IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of Ions

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions

IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of IonsA.A. Monatomic anionsMonatomic anions

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions

IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of IonsA.A. Monatomic anionsMonatomic anions

B.B. Monatomic cationsMonatomic cations

I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon

II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions

III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions

IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of IonsA.A. Monatomic anionsMonatomic anions

B.B. Monatomic cationsMonatomic cations

C.C. Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

nitratenitrate phosphatephosphate

hydroxidehydroxide cyanidecyanide

carbonatecarbonate bicarbonatebicarbonate

chloratechlorate acetateacetate

sulfatesulfate bisulfatebisulfate

chromatechromate ammoniumammonium

know your ionsknow your ions

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

Generally forms between a Generally forms between a metal and non-metalmetal and non-metal

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

Ionic BondIonic Bond

Electrostatic force that holds ions together.Electrostatic force that holds ions together.

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

1.1. oxidesoxides

Compound made of a metal Compound made of a metal and oxygenand oxygen

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

1.1. oxidesoxides

2.2. saltssalts

An ionic compound formed An ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a basewhen an acid reacts with a base

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

C.C. How they formHow they form

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

C.C. How they formHow they form1.1. The metal atom loses electron(s)The metal atom loses electron(s)

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

C.C. How they formHow they form1.1. The metal atom loses electron(s)The metal atom loses electron(s)

2.2. The non-metal gains electron(s)The non-metal gains electron(s)

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond

B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds

C.C. How they formHow they form1.1. The metal atom loses electron(s)The metal atom loses electron(s)

2.2. The non-metal gains electron(s)The non-metal gains electron(s)

3.3. The ions are attractedThe ions are attracted

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

D.D. PropertiesPropertiesV.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized

structurestructure

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized

structurestructure

2.2. High M.P. & B.P. because of High M.P. & B.P. because of strong bondsstrong bonds

The stronger the bonds, the _____ the The stronger the bonds, the _____ the melting pointmelting point

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized

structurestructure

2.2. High M.P. & B.P. because of High M.P. & B.P. because of strong bondsstrong bonds

3.3. Hard and brittleHard and brittle

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized

structurestructure

2.2. High M.P. & B.P. because of High M.P. & B.P. because of strong bondsstrong bonds

3.3. Hard and brittleHard and brittle

4.4. Many dissolve in waterMany dissolve in water

V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds

A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.

VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Formula UnitFormula Unit

Simplest ratio of ionsSimplest ratio of ions

A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.

B.B. They are always neutralThey are always neutral

VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds

A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.

B.B. They are always neutralThey are always neutral

C.C. Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions

VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions

1.1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #for monatomic ions = oxidation #

Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions

1.1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #for monatomic ions = oxidation #

2.2. for transition metals there may for transition metals there may be more than one.be more than one.

Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions

1.1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #for monatomic ions = oxidation #

2.2. for transition metals there may for transition metals there may be more than one.be more than one.

3.3. for polyatomic ions you must for polyatomic ions you must memorize the chargememorize the charge

A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.

B.B. They are always neutralThey are always neutral

C.C. Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions

D.D. ExamplesExamples

VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Compounds containing Compounds containing Monatomic ionsMonatomic ions

Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions

Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine

Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions

Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine

Calcium and oxygenCalcium and oxygen

Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions

Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine

Calcium and oxygenCalcium and oxygen

Sodium and sulfurSodium and sulfur

Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions

Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine

Calcium and oxygenCalcium and oxygen

Sodium and sulfurSodium and sulfur

Aluminum and oxygenAluminum and oxygen

Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions

Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions

Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate

Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions

Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate

Sodium sulfateSodium sulfate

Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions

Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate

Sodium sulfateSodium sulfate

Ammonium carbonateAmmonium carbonate

Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions

Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate

Sodium sulfateSodium sulfate

Ammonium carbonateAmmonium carbonate

Barium hydroxideBarium hydroxide

VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

A.A. Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds

VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds

Compounds made of two elementsCompounds made of two elements

Naming binary compoundsNaming binary compounds

Name the cation (same as element Name the cation (same as element name)name)

Name the anion (ends with –ide)Name the anion (ends with –ide)

A.A. Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds

B.B. Compounds containing Compounds containing Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions

VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Naming Compounds with Naming Compounds with Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions

Name the cation Name the cation

Name the anionName the anion

Know your polyatomic ions !!!Know your polyatomic ions !!!

A.A. Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds

B.B. Compounds containing Compounds containing Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions

C.C. Compounds containing Compounds containing cations with more than cations with more than one oxidation state (often one oxidation state (often transition metals)transition metals)

VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Naming Type II Naming Type II CompoundsCompounds

Name the cation. Use a roman Name the cation. Use a roman numeral to specify oxidation statenumeral to specify oxidation state

Name the anionName the anion

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic BondingVIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

1.1. they form latticesthey form latticesA.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

1.1. they form latticesthey form lattices

2.2. electrons in one metal electrons in one metal overlap electrons in anotheroverlap electrons in another

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic BondingVIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

1.1. they form latticesthey form lattices

2.2. electrons in one metal electrons in one metal overlap electrons in anotheroverlap electrons in another

3.3. outer electrons are outer electrons are delocalized (free to move)delocalized (free to move)

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic BondingVIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.

2.2. malleable and ductilemalleable and ductile

Malleable = hammered into sheetsMalleable = hammered into sheets

Ductile = pulled in wiresDuctile = pulled in wires

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.

2.2. malleable and ductilemalleable and ductile

3.3. good conductorsgood conductors

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.

2.2. malleable and ductilemalleable and ductile

3.3. good conductorsgood conductors

4.4. shiny (lustrous)shiny (lustrous)

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

C.C. AlloysAlloys

A chemical combination of two metalsA chemical combination of two metals

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

C.C. AlloysAlloys1.1. substitutionalsubstitutional

One metal atom is substituted with a One metal atom is substituted with a different atomdifferent atom

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

C.C. AlloysAlloys1.1. substitutionalsubstitutional

2.2. interstitialinterstitial

A second type of metal atom fills in A second type of metal atom fills in holes between other metal atomsholes between other metal atoms

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding

B.B. PropertiesProperties

C.C. AlloysAlloys1.1. substitutionalsubstitutional

2.2. interstitialinterstitial

3.3. examplesexamples

VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals

The EndThe End