ip part 2 official
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Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter presented the background of the study, the statement of the
problem, hypothesis, significant of the study, scope and delimitations of the study
and definition of terms.
Background of the Study
Nowadays, there are many artificial and cosmetic things that is in the market.
One of the most popular is shampoo. We think that we will produce a shampoo in a
natural way. So that’s how we come up with okra and aloe vera to help replace
other artificial products into an environmental one.
Statement of the Problem
Generally, this study aimed to determine the effectively of okra and aloe vera in
strengthening of hair. Specifically, study sought to answer the following questions.
1. Can okra and aloe vera be used as raw materials in making shampoo?
2. How effective are aloe vera and okra on the tensile of the hair?
3. Is there any significant difference in the effectivity of different concentration
of okra and aloe vera in strengthening hair?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in the effectively of different concentration
of okra and aloe vera in strengthening hair.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
1
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness if Okra and Aloe
Vera can be made as an homemade shampoo. This study also aimed to determine
that Okra and Aloe Vera can strengthen the tensile of the hair.
Significance of the study
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness if Okra and Aloe
Vera can be made as an homemade shampoo. This study also determines which is
more effective in strengthening hair.
Definition of terms
Okra - tall tropical Asian annual plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) widely
cultivated in warm regions for its edible, mucilaginous green pods. The edible pods
of this plant, used in soups and as a vegetable. Also called regionally gumbo.
In this study, okra will be utilized as a hair strengthening ingredient
Aloe Vera - The mucilaginous juice or gel obtained from the leaves of this
plant, widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for its soothing and
healing properties.
In this study, okra will be utilized as a hair strengthening ingredient
Shampoo - Any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap or detergent
used to wash the hair and scalp.
In this study, shampoo will be producing from okra and aloe vera.
Chapter 2
2
Review of Related Literature
This chapter represented the review of related literature and studies about
okra and gugo that can be made as an homemade shampoo and can strengthen the
tensile of the hair.
Okra
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Moench, known in many English-speaking
countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is
valued for its edible green seed pods. Originating in Africa, the plant is cultivated in
tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world. The name
"okra", most often used in the United States and the Philippines, is of West African
origin and is cognate with "ọ́>kụ̀@rụ̀@" in Igbo, a language spoken in Nigeria. Okra is
often known as "Lady's Fingers" outside of the United States. In various Bantu
languages, okra is called "kingombo" or a variant thereof, and this is the origin of its
name in Portuguese ("quiabo"), Spanish, Dutch and French, and also of the name
"gumbo", used in parts of the United States and English-speaking Caribbean for
either the vegetable, or a stew based on it. In the United Kingdom it is often called
as "bhindi", from its Hindi name "bhindi" or "bhendi". It is a tall-growing, warm-
season, annual vegetable from the same family as hollyhock, rose of Sharon and
hibiscus. The immature pods are used for soups, canning and stews or as a fried or
boiled vegetable. The hibiscuses like flowers and upright plant (3 to 6 feet or more
in height) have ornamental value for backyard gardens.
From Arabia, the plant spread around the shores of the Mediterranean Sea
and eastward. The plant was introduced to the Americas by ships plying the Atlantic
slave trade by 1658, when its presence was recorded in Brazil. It was further
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documented in Suriname in 1686.Okra may have been introduced to southeastern
North America in the early 18th century. It was being grown as far north as
Philadelphia by 1748. Thomas Jefferson noted that it was well established in Virginia
by 1781. It was commonplace throughout the southern United States by 1800 and
the first mention of different cultivars was in 1806.
Okra seed pod
In Caribbean islands, okra is eaten as soup, often with fish. In Haiti it is
cooked with rice and maize, and also used as a sauce for meat. It became a popular
vegetable in Japanese cuisine toward the end of the 20th century, served with soy
sauce and katsuobushi, or as tempura. Okra forms part of several regional
"signature" dishes. Frango com quiabo (chicken with okra) is a Brazilian dish that is
especially famous in the region of Minas Gerais. Gumbo, a hearty stew whose key
ingredient is okra, is found throughout the Gulf Coast of the United States and in the
South Carolina Lowcountry. Breaded, deep fried okra is eaten in the southern United
States. Okra is also an ingredient expected in callaloo, a Caribbean dish and the
national dish of Trinidad and Tobago. Okra is also eaten in Nigeria, where draw soup
is a popular dish, often eaten with garri or cassava. In Vietnam, okra is the
important ingredient in the dish canh chua. Okra slices can also be added to
ratatouille, combining very well with the other ingredients of this French popular
dish. Okra leaves may be cooked in a similar way to the greens of beets or
dandelions. The leaves are also eaten raw in salads. Okra seeds may be roasted and
ground to form a caffeinate-free substitute for coffee. When importation of coffee
was disrupted by the American Civil War in 1861, the Austin State Gazette noted,
"An acre of okra will produce seed enough to furnish a plantation of fifty negroes
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with coffee in every way equal to that imported from Rio. Okra oil is a pressed seed
oil, extracted from the seeds of the okra. The greenish-yellow edible oil has a
pleasant taste and odor, and is high in unsaturated fats such as oleic acid and
linoleic acid. The oil content of the seed can be quite high at about 40%. Oil yields
from okra crops are also high. At 794 kg/ha, the yield was exceeded only by that of
sunflower oil in one trial. Common Okra seed is reported to contain only 15% oil.
Nutritional Value & Health Benefits
Okra is a powerhouse of valuable nutrients. Nearly half of which is soluble
fiber in the form of gums and pectins. Soluble fiber helps to lower serum
cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease. The other half is insoluble fiber which
helps to keep the intestinal tract healthy decreasing the risk of some forms of
cancer, especially colorectal cancer. Nearly 10% of the recommended levels of
vitamin B6 and folic acid are also present in a half cup of cooked okra
Nutrition Facts (1/2 cup sliced, cooked
okra)
Calories 25
Dietary Fiber 2 grams
Protein 1.52 grams
Carbohydrates 5.76 grams
Vitamin A 460 IU
Vitamin C 13.04 mg
Folic acid 36.5 micrograms
Calcium 50.4 mg
Iron 0.4 mg
Potassium 256.6 mg
Magnesium 46 mg
Aloe vera
Aloe vera, also known as the true or medicinal aloe, is a species of succulent
plant in the genus Aloe that is believed to have originated in the Sudan. Aloe vera
grows in arid climates and is widely distributed in Africa, India, and other arid areas.
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The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine. Many scientific
studies of the use of aloe vera have been undertaken, some of them conflicting.
Despite these limitations, there is some preliminary evidence that Aloe vera
extracts may be useful in the treatment of wound and burn healing, minor skin
infections, Sebaceous cyst, diabetes, and elevated blood lipids in humans. These
positive effects are thought to be due to the presence of compounds such as
polysaccharides, mannans, anthraquinones, and lectins.
Claims of medical properties
Scientific evidence for the cosmetic and therapeutic effectiveness of aloe
vera is limited and when present is frequently contradictory. Despite this, the
cosmetic and alternative medicine industries regularly make claims regarding the
soothing, moisturizing, and healing properties of aloe vera, especially via Internet
advertising. Aloe vera gel is used as an ingredient in commercially available lotion,
yogurt, beverages, and some desserts. It is common practice for cosmetic
companies to add sap or other derivatives from aloe vera to products such as
makeup, tissues, moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, and
shampoos. Other uses for extracts of aloe vera include the dilution of semen for the
artificial fertilization of sheep, use as fresh food preservative, and use in water
conservation in small farms. The supposed therapeutic uses of aloe vera are not
exclusive to the species and may be found to a lesser or greater degree in the gels
of all aloes, and indeed are shared with large numbers of plants belonging to the
family Asphodelaceae. Bulbine frutescens, for example, is used widely for the
treatment of burns and a host of skin afflictions. Aloe vera has a long association
with herbal medicine, although it is not known when its medical applications were
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first suspected. Early records of aloe vera use appear in the Ebers Papyrus from
16th century BCE, in both Dioscorides' De Materia Medica and Pliny the Elder's
Natural History written in the mid-first century CE along with the Juliana Anicia
Codex produced in 512 CE. Aloe vera is non-toxic, with no known side effects,
provided the aloin has been removed by processing. Taking aloe vera that contains
aloin in excess amounts has been associated with various side-effects. However, the
species is used widely in the traditional herbal medicine of China, Japan, Russia,
South Africa, the United States, Jamaica, Latin America and India. Aloe vera may be
effective in treatment of wounds. Evidence on the effects of its sap on wound
healing, however, is limited and contradictory. Some studies, for example, show
that aloe vera promotes the rates of healing, while, in contrast, other studies show
that wounds to which aloe vera gel was applied were significantly slower to heal
than those treated with conventional medical preparations. A more recent review
(2007) concludes that the cumulative evidence supports the use of aloe vera for the
healing of first to second degree burns. In addition to topical use in wound or burn
healing, internal intake of aloe vera has been linked in preliminary research with
improved blood glucose levels in diabetics, and with lower blood lipids in
hyperlipidaemic patients, but also with acute hepatitis (liver disease). In other
diseases, preliminary studies have suggested oral aoe vera gel may reduce
symptoms and inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Compounds
extracted from aloe vera have been used as an immunostimulant that aids in
fighting cancers in cats and dogs; however, this treatment has not been
scientifically tested in humans.Topical application of aloe vera may be effective for
genital herpes and psoriasis. However, it is not effective for the prevention of
radiation-induced injuries. Although anecdotally useful, it has not been proven to
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offer protection from sunburn or suntan. In a double-blind clinical trial, both the
group using an aloe vera containing dentifrice and the group using a fluoridated
dentifrice had a reduction of gingivitis and plaque, but no statistically significant
difference was found between the two. For bacteria, inner-leaf gel from aloe vera
was shown to inhibit growth of Streptococcus and Shigella species in vitro.In
contrast, aloe vera extracts failed to show antibiotic properties against
Xanthomonas species.
Shampoo
Shampoo is a hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin
particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that
gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without
stripping out so much sebum as to make hair unmanageable.
Even though most modern shampoos include a conditioning component,
shampooing is frequently followed by the use of conditioners which ease combing
and styling.
Composition
Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl
sulfate and/or sodium laureth sulfate with a co-surfactant, most often
cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick, viscous liquid. Other essential
ingredients include salt (sodium chloride), which is used to adjust the viscosity, a
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preservative and fragrance. Other ingredients are generally included in shampoo
formulations to maximize the following qualities:
Pleasing foam
Easy rinsing
Minimal skin/eye irritation
Feels thick and/or creamy
Pleasant fragrance
Low toxicity
Good biodegradability
Slightly acidic (pH less than 7),
since a basic environment
weakens the hair by breaking
the disulfide bonds in hair
keratin.
No damage to hair
Many shampoos are pearlescent. This effect is achieved by addition of tiny
flakes of suitable materials, e.g. glycol distearate, chemically derived from stearic
acid, which may have either animal or vegetable origins. Glycol distearate is a wax.
Many shampoos also include silicone to provide conditioning benefits.
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Chapter 3
Methodology
This chapter contained data gathering instruments, treatment/general
procedure, and determination of hair strength.
Purpose & Research Design
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness if okra and aloe
vera can be made as a homemade shampoo. This study also determines which
treatment way more effective in strengthening hair.
Data Gathering Instruments
Materials and Equipment
In this experiment we used aloe vera stem, okra fruits, coconut oil, and tap
water as the main ingredients and the other materials are stove, clean pots for
boiling of ingredients, strainer, mask, funnel, clean bottles where to put the
concoction, bowls for soaking, hair comb, towel, and strands of hair.
Treatments
Setups Kind of Concentrations
A
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Okra and Aloe Vera
BAloe Vera
COkra
This table shows the
Scale Strengthening Effectivity
3 Extremely tough Very Effective
2 Moderately tough Effective
1 Tough Slightly Effective
Procedure
First, enough hair strands were gathered for three treatments. Treatment of
aloe vera and okra, treatment aloe vera, treatment okra. Five grams of aloe vera
boiled in 70 ml water for 30 minutes and strained to extract the juice. The decoction
was placed in a clean bottle. To prepare the okra decoction, 2 pieces okra fruits
were boiled in 200 ml tap water for ten minutes. The cooked okra were masked for
extraction and decoction was strained for the preparation of solution. The
homemade shampoo was prepared from 50 ml aloe vera decoction and 50 ml okra
decoction. The homemade shampoo was then prepared into three setups. Setup A
is the treatment of aloe vera and okra, Setup B is the treatment of aloe vera only,
and Setup C is the treatment of okra only. All setups will be put in the table.
Soaking Process of the Hair Strands
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The hair strands that have been divided enough for the three setups. The hair
strands were soaked in the respective bowls and left about 30 minutes. After 30
minutes the hair strands were rinsed thoroughly with tap water.
Determination of Hair Strength
To determine the strength of the hair strand, pulling it until it breaks. The
breaking of hair strand will be recorded in a table and will be scaled.
Chapter 4
Results and Analysis
This chapter presented the data, analysis and interpretation of findings. It is
in this part
whereby the data have been sorted out, tabulated, subjected to statistical analysis
and then the
findings were interpreted.
Table 1 showed the difference in the hair strengthen and exposed
treatments. Result showed that treatment A was extremely tough, treatment B was
moderately tough and treatment C was tough.
Table 1 Difference in the hair strengths as exposed to treatments.
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Treatment Mean Description
A 3.0 Extremely Tough
B 1.0 Moderately Tough
C 2.0Tough
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 5 consisted of the following, namely (1) Summary, (2) Findings, (3)
Conclusions and (4) Recommendations.
Summary
Generally, this study aimed to determine the effectively of okra ang aloe vera
in strengthening of hair. Specifically, study sought to answer the following
questions. The homemade shampoo was then prepared into three treatments.
Treatment A composed of aloe vera and okra, Setup B composed of aloe vera only,
and Setup C composed of okra only.
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Result showed that Okra and Aloe Vera can be used a potential raw material
component in strengthening hair.
Statistical tools
Mean was used to determine if there is a significant difference in the
comparative effectiveness of each treatment being tested. Mean is equal to the sum
of all scores divided by the number of treatments.
X=EX
N
X=Mean
EX= Sum of all Scores
N= Number of Treatment
Conclusions
Based on the results obtained from the experiment, the researchers drawn
the following conclusions:
1. Okra and aloe vera can be used as an alternative strengthening shampoo.
2. There was no significant difference in the effectivity of different
concentration of okra and aloe vera in strengthening hair, in terms of
strengthening, treatment was found to the effective than the rest of the
treatments.
Recommendations
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On the basis of the conclusions formulated, the following recommendations
are offered
for possible further study.
1. Use other ingredient/concentration which was not yet tried.
2. Use more resources.
3. The researchers recommend utilizing other alternative ingredients.
4. Use any alternative herbal plants for more to make the things more
complicated because this IP is so easy.
5. Use other finding or experiment to know more useful abilities of this
homemade shampoo.
References
http://images.hboys2011.multiply.multiplycontent.com/attachment/0/
S4fLKwooCG4AAG0dNVk1/sample%20ip.pdf?nmid=320399782
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http://www.wikipedia.com/
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/okra
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/aloe vera
Encarta premium (2009)
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http://www.Expiro.org/
http://Trojan.com/
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