ipv6 addressing (and related matters…) · 2017-06-18 · 24 march 2003 rir meeting with the icann...
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IPv6 Addressing(and related matters…)
Paul WilsonDirector General
APNIC
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Overview
• What is an IP address?• IPv4 vs IPv6• How are IP addresses managed?• IP Addresses today• IP Addresses tomorrow• Conclusions
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What is an IP Address?
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“On the Internet,nobody knows you’re a dog…”
by Peter Steiner, from The New Yorker, (Vol.69 (LXIX) no. 20)
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www.google.com
www.redhat.com
www.ebay.com
www.dogs.biz
www.apnic.net
www.gnso.org
www.ebay.com
www.doggie.com
www.ietf.org
216.239.39.99
66.187.232.50
66.135.208.101
209.217.36.32
202.12.29.20
199.166.24.5
66.135.208.88
198.41.3.45
4.17.168.6
“On the Internet…”you are nothing but an IP Address!
202.12.29.142
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What is an IP address?
• Internet infrastructure address– Globally unique*
• A finite common resource– IPv4: 32-bit number
• e.g. 192.131.13.3• 4 billion addresses available
– IPv6: 128-bit number• e.g. 3ffe:1a00:ff00::• Potentially*, equal to (IPv4)4
• IP does not mean “Intellectual Property”
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My Computer www.cernet.cn202.12.29.142 202.112.0.46
www.cernet.cn ? 202.112.0.46
IP addresses are not domain names…
The Internet
DNS
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IPv4 vs IPv6
IPv4: 32 bits
• 232 addresses = 4,294,967,296 addresses = 4 billion addresses
IPv6: 128 bits
• 2128 addresses? = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,770,000,000 = 340 billion billion billion billion addresses?
• No, due to IPv6 address structure…
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128 bits
How much IPv6?
Topological Interface/0 /64 /128
Infrastructure Site/0 /64/48
• 248 site addresses = 281,474,976,710,656 = 281 thousand billion site addresses
• 264 “subnet” addresses = 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 = 18 billion billion subnet addresses
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The NAT “Problem”
10.0.0.1 ..2 ..3 ..4
*AKA home router, ICS, firewall
NAT*
61.100.32.128
R
61.100.32.0/25
61.100.32.1 ..2 ..3 ..4
ISP 61.100.0.0/16
The Internet
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How are IP Addresses managed?
and how did we get here?
24 March 2003 RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro
1981 - 1992
1981: RFC 790
1987: RFC 1020
1992: RFC 1366
RFC 12611991
“The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon.If you are developing a protocol or application thatwill require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol,or network number please contact Jon to receivea number assignment.”
RFC 790
24 March 2003 RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro
1993 - 1996
1993: RFC 1466
1996: RFC 2050
24 March 2003 RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro
1997 - 2001
1998: IAB asks RIRsto prepare for
IPv6 allocations
1999: ICANN
24 March 2003 RIR Meeting with the ICANN GAC Rio de Janeiro
2002 - 2004
“Emerging”RIR
2003: NRO
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User
Assignment
ISPAllocation
RIR*Allocation
IANAIPv4
Address management today
IETF
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What are RIRs?
• Representative of ISPs globally– Industry self-regulatory structures– Non-profit, open membership bodies
• First established in early 1990’s– In response to call from IETF (RFC1366)– To satisfy emerging technical/admin needs– Voluntarily by consensus of community
• In the “Internet Tradition”– Consensus-based, open and transparent
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What do RIRs do?
• Internet resource management– Primarily, IP addresses – IPv4 and IPv6– Registration services (“whois”)
• Policy development and coordination– Open Policy Meetings and processes
• Training, outreach and liaison– Training courses, seminars, conferences…– Liaison: IETF, ICANN, ITU, APT, PITA, APEC…– Newsletters, reports, web sites…
• Projects– Various operational services and support
• RIR collaboration– Represented by the NRO
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RIR Policy Development
OPEN
TRANSPARENT‘BOTTOM UP’
Anyone can participate
All decisions & policies documented& freely available to anyone
Internet community proposesand approves policy
Need
DiscussEvaluate
Implement Consensus
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IP Addresses Today
Where are all the addresses?
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IPv4 Allocations – IANA total
assigned
41
multicast
16
rirs
50
unused
79
ripencc
16
lacnic
2
arin
19
ietf
20
apnic
13
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IPv4 Allocations – IANA historical
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
rirs
assigned
ripencc
lacnic
arin
apnic
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IPv4 Allocations – RIRs
1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
apnic
arin
lacnic
ripencc
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IPv4 Allocations – Global
US
15.5
JP
3.4
CN
2.9
KR
1.7
UK
1.7
DE
1.6
CA
1.0FR
0.9NL
0.7IT
0.7BR
0.7
Other
8.1
25
IPv6 Allocations – RIRs
1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004
0
50
100
150
200
250
apnic
arin
lacnic
ripencc
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IPv6 Allocations – RIRs
1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
apnic
arin
lacnic
ripencc
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IPv6 Allocations – Global
JP
157
US
120
DE
91
KR
67
NL
48
UK
44
IT
31FR
31EU
25FI
25 SE
25
Other
328
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IP Addresses Tomorrow
What is the future?
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IPv4 Address Space Lifetime
2020 2022
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 Jan-10 Jan-12 Jan-14 Jan-16 Jan-18 Jan-20 Jan-22 Jan-24 Jan-26 Jan-28
IANA
RIR
BGP
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IPv6 - Internet for everything!
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IPv6 Address space lifetime
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IPv6 – Summary
• The good news…– IPv6 is available– IPv6 addresses are very easy to get
• The bad news…– Complexity: significant cost and learning curve– Demand? Do users want it?– “Chicken and Egg” syndrome
• The reality: A long, hard, transition– “Changing engines mid-flight”– Long process – 10+ years to complete– Critical message: Start now!
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Finally…
(some ads)
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Next APNIC Open Policy Meeting
APNIC 18Nadi, Fiji, 31 Aug- 3 Sep 2004
• Participate in policy development• Attend workshops, tutorials & presentations• Exchange knowledge and information with peers• Stay abreast with developments in the Internet• View multicast online• Provide your input in matters important to you• Fellowships Available
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An Invitation…
APNIC CEOs’ MeetingNadi, Fiji, 30 Aug 2004
• First ever APNIC event for CEOs and Snr Executives• APNIC business and operating model• Global issues affecting IP addressing• Provide input into APNIC strategy and policy• Networking with peers
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Thank You
Paul Wilsonpwilson@apnic.net
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