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Is the Bacteria Living in Our Environment Harmful To us?
Disease Ecology:Bacteria
A presentation created by: Tamanisha John & May Choi
What is Disease Ecology?
Disease Ecology is the study on how diseases spread through and impact host populations, and how hosts, pathogens, and their environment react and evolve in response to one another.Ticks are skin parasites. They
like motion, warm temperatures, and carbon
dioxide exhaled by mammals.
I. What are Bacteria?
Bacteria are living single-celled organisms who are neither plants nor animals. Instead, they belong to their own group.
single-celled microorganisms appeared on earth about 4 billion years ago. Scientists say they were the first life forms on Earth.
Living Organisms Below:
PlantsAnimals
Bacteria
II. What Are Bacteria?
Bacteria come in three main shapes:
Spherical (like a ball)
Rod Shaped
Spiral
Did you know thatPlanet Earth is estimated to
hold at least 5 nonillion bacteria!(Nonillion in U.S. means there are
30 zero’s after a number, while in the U.K there are 54 zero’s
after the number. We’re using the U.S. version)
(medicalnewstoday.com)
Spherical are usually referred to as cocci
Rod Shaped are usually referred to bacilli
Spiral are usually referred to as spirillia
Bacteria: The Good, The Bad, & The Ugly
The Good:
Without bacteria we would die. The good bacteria help us digest our food and they live on our skin and in our
mouth to provide protection against bad bacteria.
The Bad & The Ugly:
Simply put, can either make us sick
or dead.
Why do you think we used
tooth pictures?
Agar V.S. Gelatin
Jell-O
Why Can Gelatin Substitute Agar?
Gelatin can substitute agar because they are both gelling agents. Agar, however, is more
preferable due to its long term solidity, meaning that unlike gelatin, which is liquefied
easier, agar will stay solid.
Think of Gelatin as ice, it won’t stay solid forever.
The Aim Of Our Experiment:
Is to figure out whether or not the bacteria in our school have a negative or positive impact on our environment. To decide whether or not they are harmful, we plan to harvest the bacteria we collect and place it on an apple slice in order to
see whether the apple slices rot or turn bad quickly. If the bacteria have a negative affect on the apple slices, it will probably be a bad thing
for our environment.
Our Hypothesis
Since bacteria can only be considered very dangerous in large amounts, but even then, small amounts of bacteria can reproduce rapidly, we do
not think that the bacteria in our school is any more harmful than the common cold because we
all act and interact with our environment daily and nothing too serious (like someone dying) happens.
Do you think the bacteria in our school
is dangerous?
Materials:Gelatin (Jell-O), Microscope, Beaker with Water, 3 Q-tips, 3 Petri Dishes, 3 Zip Lock Baggies, Marker, Knife, Gloves, Tape, Bleach, Apple
Before Starting Our Experiment:
we collected bacteria from a toilet handle in the girls bathroom, one of the computer keyboards in
Meghan’s office, and one of the auditorium chairs in the auditorium. Then we swiped the collected
bacteria in our Gelatin, secured our collected data and went on winter break
The Experiment
Safety Steps to Consider:
1.Wear Gloves when handling bacteria
2. Wash Hands Frequently
3. Bleach bacteria at the end of experiment
What Do They All Have In Common?
Mold!
Mold is a type of fungus (an organism that lacks chlorophyll and feeds on organic matter) and some funguses are
pathogenic. Mold travels through the air in the form of tiny spores (not visible to the naked eye) and like to make their way to damp and moist areas so that they can breed and
multiply.
Data and Results:
All of the apple slices weight gradually decreased as they started to rot. However, our control’s apple slice weighed
more than any of the other apple slices indicating it wasn’t rotting as quickly. We noticed that our control’s apple slice will decreased by about 2grams while all the other slices
decreased by about 3grams.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1/5/2011 1/6/2011 1/7/2011
Control
Girls Bathroom
Meghan's Office
Auditorium
I. Observations
On the second day of our experiment (1/6/2011), we observed that our control apple slice and the one with bacteria from a keyboard in Meghan’s office were soft
around their edges, but hard on their backs and middle slice while the other two were softer.
II. Observations
On the second day we also noticed that our mold turned grey, which, according to gardenline.usask.ca , means that our mold must’ve gotten cooler and wetter than before, which did happen since each day our Gelatin
got more liquefied.
& Our Hypothesis Was…
Partially Correct! During the course of our experiment, we found the bacteria from the toilet handle
in the girl’s bathroom can be considered dangerous.
Looks like my job won’t be
over anytime soon
Thinking Outside The Box
To figure out why the girls bathroom bacteria rotted its apple faster than any other
bacteria, besides the fact that it must’ve multiplied faster, we
ran a survey in our school surveying 25 girls (both
teachers and students), in order to figure out how they flush the
toilet. Out of the 25 girls surveyed, 20 flushed the toilet
with their feet, while 5 girls flushed the toilet with their
hands.
Sources Of Error
•Other occurring experiments that could’ve added carbon to the air (i.e. the experiments with fire)
•Natural air borne bacteria which could have had an effect on the rotting processes of our apples, since they could have
been attracted to the bacteria we collected and put on them and speeded up the rotting process
•Survey’s small sample size
Future Experiment:
Only collect bacteria from the girl’s bathroom toilet handle, but a week in advance, “monitor” or put up a sign in the girl’s bathroom
saying ‘Do Not Flush Toilet With Your Shoes, Experimental Reasons,’ in order to collect more accurate data without the
possibility of shoe germs.
While conducting our survey, the usual response was: “Ew, who touches that dirty handle?” If every girl assumes the handle is dirty, then there’s less of a chance that any of them would want to touch the handle, therefore, they will use their shoe and shoe
germs will get on the handle.
Why Would You Do That?
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Trudy Wassenaar. What Are Bacteria. www.bacteriamuseum.org. 1998. The Virtual Museum of Bacteria. Educational Resources. December 24, 2010
The University of Georgia: Biomedical & Health Science Institute. Ecology of Infectious Disease a Research Initiative at the University of Georgia. www.biomed.uga.edu. September 7, 2010. University of Georgia BHSL. December 24, 2010
George A. Miller, Christiane Fellbaum, Randee Tengi, Helen Langone, Adam Ernst, Lavanya Jose. WordNet a Lexical Datatbase for English. www.wordnetweb.princeton.edu. 1995. MIT Press. December 23-30, 2010
S.E. Smith. What is Agar?. www.wisegeek.com. 2003. Conjecture Corporation. December 23, 2010Steve Spangler. Growing Bacteria in Petri Dishes. www.stevespanglerscience.com. 2009. Steve Spangler Science. December 24, 2010
Shannan Muskopf. Estimating Population Size. www.biologycorner.com. 2009. The Biology Corner Wordpress. January 1, 2011
University of Saskatchewan Extension Division: Department of Plant Sciences and Provincial Government. Gardenline. www.gardenline.usask.ca. 1994. U of S. January 4, 2011
Science Clarified. Parasites. http://www.scienceclarified.com/Oi-Ph/Parasites.html. 2011. Advameg, Inc. December 17, 2010 Nordqvist, Christian. What is Bacteria? What are Bacteria?. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157973.php. July 17, 2009. Medical News Today. December 30, 2010
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Molds in the Environment. http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm. February 8, 2010. National Center for Environmental Health. January 10, 2011
Nordqvist, Christian. What is Fungus? What are Fungi?. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158134.php. July 21, 2009. Medical News Today. January 10, 2011
Kilpatrick, A.M. & Altizer, S. (2010) Disease Ecology. Nature Education Knowledge 1(12):13. December 20, 2010
Spangler, Steve. Growing Bacteria in Petri Dishes. www.stevespanglerscience.com. 2009. Steve Spangler Science. December 31, 2010
Smith, S.E. What is Agar?. www.wisegeek.com. 2003. Conjecture Corporation. December 30, 2010
Anglin, M.R. What are Pathogens?. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-pathogens.htm. December 2, 2010. Conjecture Corporation. December 28, 2010
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