isad role of system analyst lecture by s. a. ahsan rajon @ darul ihsan university

INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

THE ROLE OF SYSTEM ANALYST

S. A. AHSAN RAJON

Ahsan.rajon@gmail.com

http://sites.google.com/site/ahsanrajon

+88-01911510286

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 2I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Acknowledgements… Contents of these slides are mostly adapted from

Elias M. Awad, “Systems Analysis and Design”, Second Edition

Jeffery A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich, Prabin K.

Panigrahi, “Modern System Analysis and Design”, Fourth Edition.

.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 3I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

System Analyst…

Random House Dictionary

… a person who conducts a methodical study

and evaluation of an activity such as business to

identify its desired objectives in order to

determine procedures by which the objectives

can be gained.

Nicholas

The task of the system analyst is to elicit needs

and resource constraints and to translate these

into viable operations.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 4I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Four key steps of Scientific Management…

Develop ideal method, establish standard,

pay incentive to worker for exceeding the

standard.

Select right person for right place in right

time

Train the people and incorporate scientific

methods with well trained people.

Establish cooperation between manager

and worker.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 5I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Skills of System Analyst to Do System Analysis

Interpersonal skills

Technical skills

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 6I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Interpersonal Skills… Communication

It is people talking, listening, feeling and reacting to one another,

their experience and reactions

Understanding

Having a grasp of company activities

Identifying problems

Figuring solutions

Teaching

Educating people in using computer system

Giving support when needed

Selling

Selling ideas

Promoting innovations in problem solving

Sk

ills o

f Sys

tem

An

aly

st

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 7I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Technical Skills… Creativity

Help users model ideas into concrete plans

Develop candidate systems

Problem solving

Analyze and solve problems

Project Management

Scheduling, performing well under time constraints, coordinating team

efforts, managing cost and expenditure

Dynamic Interface

Blending technical and non-technical specifications in general design

Questioning Attitude

Knowing what, when, why, where, who, and how a system works

Knowledge of the besics

Basic computer system and business knowledge

Sk

ills o

f Sys

tem

An

aly

st

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 8I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Interplay between Interpersonal & Technical Skills

Sk

ills o

f Sys

tem

An

aly

st

ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION

MAINTENANCE

TECHNICAL

SKILL

Interpersonal Skill

Low

Hig

h

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 9I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Qualifications of System Analyst

Academic Qualifications

Background in System Theory and organization

behaviour

Familiarity with application areas

Competence in system tools and methodologies

and practical knowledge on one or more

programming and database languages

Experience in hardware and software

Personal Qualifications

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 10I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Personal Qualifications of System Analyst

Authority

Confidence to tell people what to do

Communication

Ability to articulate and focus on a problem area.

Creativity

Developing candidate systems using unique tools or methods

Responsibility

Making decisions on ones own and accepting the

consequences of the decisions

Varies Skills

Doing different projects and handling changes

Qu

alific

atio

ns

of S

yste

m A

na

lys

t

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 11I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Multifaceted Role of System Analyst…

Change Agent

Investigator and Monitor

Architect

Psychologist

Salesperson

Motivator

Politician

Conflict Resolver

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 12I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Structure of System Analysis…

Project Oriented Structure

Pool Oriented Structure

Function Oriented Structure

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 13I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Project Oriented Structure of System Analysis…

Manager Systems analysis and design

Project LeaderProduction

Control System

Project LeaderPersonnel

Information System

System Analysts

System Analysts

System Analysts

System Analysts

Project LeaderPayroll System

Stru

ctu

re of S

yste

m A

naly

sis

…

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 14I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Project Oriented Structure of System Analysis…

In a project oriented arrangement, a team

of analyst is formed to work on one project.

Generally a team has a project leader who

reports directly to the systems manager.

Typical of smaller installations that handle

limited projects.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 15I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Pool Oriented Structure of System Analysis…S

truc

ture o

f Sys

tem

An

alys

is…

Pools of Analysis

System Design Team

Systems Design Team

Manager Systems

Analysis and Design

Manager Personnel

Dept.

Manager Payroll

Department

n Analyst on Loan

p Senior Analystq Analyst on Loan

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 16I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Pool Oriented Structure of System Analysis…

In Pool oriented System arrangements,

analysts work on any system assignment

within the firm.

Once the job is completed, they return to

the pool for another arrangement.

May be thought of “on loan” arrangement.

This arrangement gives the department

some control over its own application.

The outcome is greater user participation and

support in system development.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 17I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Functional Structure of System Analysis…

DIRECTOR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

ManagerProduction

System

ManagerPersonnel System

Project A

Project B

Project C

ManagerPayroll System

Project A

Project B

Stru

ctu

re of S

yste

m A

naly

sis

…

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 18I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Functional Structure of System Analysis…

The functional structure of system analysis

assigns a group of analysts to serve a

specific system.

For example, there may be a personnel

system team, a production system team

and a marketing systems team.

Each term has a manager who reports directly to

the director of System Development.

This system is suitable for a large computer/

information facility.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 19I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Structure of Programming…

Pool oriented Structure of Programming

Team oriented Structure of Programming

The pool approach clusters programmer into a

pool that reports to a supervisor.

Each programmer is assigned a program to prepare

through all stages.

Stru

ctu

re of P

rog

ramm

ing

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 20I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

TEAM Oriented Structure of Programming…

In the team approach, each programmer is

assigned to a team that has responsibility for a

specific project.

Normally programmers report to a lead programmers

(Team Leader), who reports to a Project Leader.

The Project Leader is usually a section head who

supervises a number of teams in the section and reports

to the manager of the programming area.

Stru

ctu

re of P

rog

ramm

ing

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 21I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

TEAM Oriented Structure of Programming…

Director Computer Services

ManagerSoftware Programming

ManagerApplication Programming

Project Leader

Section A

Project Leader

Section B

Lead ProgrammerTeam W

PROGR

Lead ProgrammerTeam X

Lead ProgrammerTeam Y

AMMER

Lead ProgrammerTeam Z

Project Leader

Section C

ManagerMaintenance Programming

Stru

ctu

re of P

rog

ramm

ing

…

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 22I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Paraprofessionals…

The tasks that make up the system

development process is changing.

With an increase in the use of structured

tools, there are emerging tasks that are less

technical or creative than the traditional

ones.

Rather than the analyst ignoring them, or

trying up valuable time, they are carried out

by less experienced paraprofessionals.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 23I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Type of Tasks done by Paraprofessionals…

Which types of tasks are normally bypasses

by the analysts/professionals and referred to

the paraprofessionals?

Tasks which are not significantly complex, or does

not require “high level” ability, education, skill or

experience.

Task is repeatitive, and there is relatively well

defined process for performing it.

General support tasks require limited time for

instruction relative to the time it takes to perform

them.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 24I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Tasks of Paraprofessionals… General Support Tasks

Maintain current documentation on a daily basis.

Maintain a technical literature and information retrieval.

Assisting in constructing and maintaining a program development

library.

Specific System Development Tasks

Draft Data Flow Diagrams and Structure Charts based on

specifications from System Development Personnel.

Maintain Data Dictionaries.

Code Programs

Prepare and Maintain test data files, check test results and modify

programs on predetermined procedures.

Prepare user manuals and other documentations.

Prepare supportive training materials when needed.

S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 25I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N

Thank you all !!!