israel mandarin variety breeding – nir carmi

Origin of citrus

Breeding in the past

Seedling were the main source for the cultivars  today.

Spontaneous mutations on branches were used to select new cultivars.

Present breedingThe current breeding projects are based on crossing and Selection:

1.Crossing selecion

and inducing mutation for  seedlessness.

2.Crossing for seedless triploids.

ARO Citrus Breeding Program

A. New flavors and colors

B. Easy peeling

C. Early and Late Ripening Seasons

D. Seedlessness

C. High yield and low alternate bearing- more then 30 tons per hectare

E. Long shelf life

F. Pests resistance

G. Dwarfing

INDUCING MUTATIONS

SEEDLESS

A technique used to thoroughly extract seeds

Before (with seeds): After (seedles):

Breeding in the future

Developing molecular markers for important traits  such as: ripening season, alternaria, seedlessness, 

etc. The selection will start at the net house by  sampling DNA from the seedling following by PCR.

Developing biotechnology approaches for  transforming genes of important traits into citrus 

cultivars. 

Current projects

A. Developing molecular markers for parents identification and alternaria resistance.

B. Transformation of genes for drought resistance.

Germinating in the dark in sterile condition

Infecting with agrobacterium

Grafting the trasformants

Growing in transgenic greenhouse

Expression of reporting gene in the stomata

Ripening Season - September-November Total soluble solids (TSS): 14.9% Acid content: 1.02% TSS/acid ratio: 14.55 alternaria: resistant

Advantages: - Seedless- Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield

KEDEM

Rishonit

RIPENING SEASON - OCTOBER-DECEMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 16.3% ACID CONTENT: 1.0% TSS/ACID RATIO: 16.3alternaria: resistant

Advantages: - Seedless- Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield

Ripening Season – January-February Total soluble solids (TSS): 15.6%

Acid content: 1% TSS/acid ratio: 15.6 alternaria: resistant

ORIT

Advantages: - Seedless- Late ripening - Easy peeling - High yield

Admoni Ripening Season – September - October

Total soluble solids (TSS): 13.27% Acid content: 1.6% TSS/acid ratio: 8.3

Advantages: - Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield

RIPENING SEASON - NOVEMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 13.5% ACID CONTENT: 1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 12.3alternaria: resistant

Advantages: - Seedless- Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield--Dwarf Tree

Tami

DityRIPENING SEASON - NOVEMBMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 12.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.57% TSS/ACID RATIO: 8.15alternaria: susceptible

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield

MeiravRIPENING SEASON: DECEMBER-JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 17.5% ACID CONTENT: 1.34% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13alternaria: susceptible

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield-Long Shelf-life

Ripening Season: December-January Total soluble solids (tss):15.5%

Acid content:1.1% TSS/acid ratio: 14.09

NECTAR

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield-Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.27% ACID CONTENT: 1.54% TSS/ACID RATIO: 9.26alternaria: resistant

YIFAT

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.1% ACID CONTENT: 2.24% TSS/ACID RATIO: 6.3alternaria: susceptible

WINOLA

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY- MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 18.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.2% TSS/ACID RATIO: 15.67alternaria: resistant

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RONIT

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY- FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 0.96% TSS/ACID RATIO: 15.62alternaria: resistant

ODEM

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.2% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13.16 alternaria: resistant

SIGAL

DANIT

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCHTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.28% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.56alternaria: resistant

MOR- SEEDLESS MURCOTT

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-MARCHTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.54alternaria: susceptible

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-APRILTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14% ACID CONTENT: 0.7% TSS/ACID RATIO: 20alternaria: resistant

ORRI

Ripening Season: October-December Total soluble solids (TSS): 12.5%

Acid content: 0.52 TSS/acid ratio: 24

FLAMINGO

Advantages: - Seedless-High lycopene - High yield--Long Shelf-life

Aliza

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 0.64% TSS/ACID RATIO: 23.43

EINAT

Advantages: - Seedless-High lycopene - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 12.1% ACID CONTENT: 1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11

Ayelet-Seedless Villafranca Lemon

RIPENING SEASON: ALL YEAR AROUNDTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):7% ACID CONTENT: 9.6% TSS/ACID RATIO: 0.73

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

Galya-Seedless Urica Lemon

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: ALL YEAR AROUNDTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):7% ACID CONTENT:9.8%TSS/ACID RATIO: 0.71

1

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):12.4% ACID CONTENT:1.7% TSS/ACID RATIO: 7.3

2

Advantages:

- Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14% ACID CONTENT:1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 10.8alternaria: resistant

3

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14.8% ACID CONTENT:1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.4alternaria: resistant

4

Advantages:- Low seeds- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14.3% ACID CONTENT:1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13

5

Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):11.8% ACID CONTENT:1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.8alternaria: resistant

6

Advantages: - low Seeds- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life

RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):11.9% ACID CONTENT:1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 10.8alternaria: resistant