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Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

The following definitions are taken from the book “Equine Lameness for the Layman” by Dr. Robert Grisel

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Amphiarthrodial Joint

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Amphiarthrodial Joint

A fibrocartinagenous junction that allows limited motion between articulating bones.

Examples: The junction between the pubic bones of the pelvis. The articulation between the first pair of ribs and the sternum.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Ascending Movement

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Ascending Movement

Upward motion of one or more body parts.

Example: the up and down motion of the top of the hip when the horse is walking.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Axial Skeleton

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Axial Skeleton

Consists of the horse’s head, vertebral column, and sacrum

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Axial Lameness

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Axial Lameness

Altered movement stemming from one or more structures associated with the axial skeleton.

Temporomandibular synovitis (TMJ), cervical arthrosis and “kissing spines” all have the potential to generate axial lameness in the horse.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Biomechanical Lameness

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Biomechanical Lameness

Altered movement(s) made in an attempt to accommodate restricted or exaggerated action of one or more parts of the horse’s anatomy (usually the limbs).

Many forms of biomechanical lameness have no inflammatory component and accordingly do not hurt.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Circumduction

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Circumduction

The circular or conical movement of a limb relative to the horse’s body. During protraction, the circumducting limb moves away from the midline before moving back toward it, thus tracing a semicircle.

This gait deficit is most often associated with neurologic disease in the horse.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Descending Movement

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Descending Movement

Downward motion of one or more body parts.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Desmitis

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Desmitis

Inflammation of ligament tissue.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Desmopathy

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Desmopathy

Ligament disease.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Diarthrodial Joint

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Diarthrodial Joint

A freely-movable joint characterized by the presence of a fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, lubricating (synovial) fluid and fibro-or hyaline cartilage layers which line opposing surfaces.

Examples: The elbow joint and stifle joint.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Excursion

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Excursion

Excessive up-and-down movement of one or more of the horse’s body parts.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Fibrocartilagenous Joint

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Fibrocartilagenous Joint

Formed via the presence of an intervertebral disc.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Negative palmar/plantar angulation

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Negative palmar/plantar angulationAbnormal positioning (angulation) of the third phalanx (aka P3, coffin, or pedal bone) within the hoof capsule; the front of the bone is elevated relative to the back of the bone and ground surface.

Palmar refers to the front hoof, plantar refers to the hind hoof.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Off side

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Off side

The horse’s right side, also known as the far side.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

On side

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

On side

The horse’s left side, also known as the near side.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Pathognomic

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Pathognomic

Distinctly peculiar to a specific disease or condition.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Sagittal Plane

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Sagittal Plane

Any plane parallel to the median plane. For instance, a plane dividing the right and left sides of a hoof.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Synarthrodial Joint

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Synarthrodial Joint

A fibrous junction that allows little or no motion between articulating bones.

Examples: The attachment of the splint bone to the cannon bone. The attachment of the bone plates in the horse’s skull.

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Transverse Plane

Issues that Affect Performance CourseSection 1 Learning Activity - Definitions

Transverse Plane

Passes through the head, body, or limb perpendicular to the part’s long axis.

This plane would be different depending upon which body part you were discussing.